低维微纳尺度体系声子热传导和热调控: 来自芯片散热的非平衡统计物理问题

罗天麟; 丁亚飞; 韦宝杰; 杜建迎; 沈翔瀛; 朱桂妹; 李保文

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20231546

摘要

半导体芯片发展路线图上的一个障碍是“热死(heat death)”, 也就是大量热量的产生而导致芯片被烧毁. 所以散热问题成为进一步发展半导体工业亟待解决的关键问题. 芯片里的热传导包含一维和二维材料中声子热传导以及声子通过不同材料间的界面热传导. 本文总结了过去30年来一维、二维和界面声子热传导的主要理论和实验进展, 重点介绍了一维体系声子热传导发散的物理机制以及反常热传导和反常扩散之间的关系. 本文还简要讨论了与此相关的非平衡态统计物理的基本问题: 从给定的哈密顿量出发是否能够推导出宏观输运行为. 本文从微观图像的角度讨论了调控声子热传导的几种方法: 纳米声子晶体, 纳米热超材料, 界面和声子凝聚等. 为了让读者全面了解声子热传导, 还简要地介绍了其他声子热输运现象, 包括热导量子化、声子热霍尔效应、手性声子, 以及声子与其他载流子之间的相互作用. 最后, 本文讨论了声子热传导研究面临的挑战和机遇, 包括声子在量子信息和技术中的潜在应用.

关键词:

Abstract

“Heat death”, namely, overheating, which will deteriorate the function of chips and eventually burn the device and has become an obstacle in the roadmap of the semiconductor industry. Therefore, heat dissipation becomes a key issue in further developing semiconductor. Heat conduction in chips encompasses the intricate dynamics of phonon conduction within one-dimensional, two-dimensional materials, as well as the intricate phonon transport through interfaces. In this paper, the research progress of the complexities of phonon transport on a nano and nanoscale in recent three years, especially the size dependent phonon thermal transport and the relationship between anomalous heat conduction and anomalous diffusion are summarized. Further discussed in this paper is the fundamental question within non-equilibrium statistical physics, particularly the necessary and sufficient condition for a given Hamiltonian whose macroscopic transport behavior obeys Fourier’s law. On the other hand, the methods of engineering the thermal conduction, encompassing nanophononic crystals, nanometamaterials, interfacial phenomena, and phonon condensation are also introduced. In order to comprehensively understand the phononic thermal conduction, a succinct overview of phonon heat transport phenomena, spanning from thermal quantization and the phonon Hall effect to the chiral phonons and their intricate interactions with other carriers is presented. Finally, the challenges and opportunities, and the potential application of phonons in quantum information are also discussed.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
南方科技大学材料科学与工程系, 深圳　518055

2.
南方科技大学深港微电子学院, 深圳　518055

3.
南方科技大学物理系, 深圳　518055

4.
深圳国际量子研究院, 深圳　518017

通信作者: 沈翔瀛, shenxy@sustech.edu.cn ; 朱桂妹, zhugm@sustech.edu.cn ; 李保文, libw@sustech.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金 (批准号: 52250191, 12205138)和深圳市基础研究面上项目(批准号: JCYJ20220530113206015)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China

2.
School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China

3.
Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China

4.
International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518017, China

Corresponding author: Shen Xiang-Ying, shenxy@sustech.edu.cn ; Zhu Gui-Mei, zhugm@sustech.edu.cn ; Li Bao-Wen, libw@sustech.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52250191, 12205138) and the Shenzhen Basic Research Genenal Project, China (Grant No. JCYJ20220530113206015).

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	Moore A L, Shi L 2014 Mater. Today 17 163 Google Scholar
[2]	Chen J, Xu X, Zhou J, Li B 2022 Rev. Mod. Phys. 94 025002 Google Scholar
[3]	Harper C 2004 Electronic Packaging and Interconnection Handbook. (New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc
[4]	Muralidhar R, Borovica-Gajic R, Buyya R 2022 ACM Comput. Surv. 54 1
[5]	Waldrop M M 2016 Nature 530 144 Google Scholar
[6]	Zhang J, Yang X, Feng Y, Li Y, Wang M, Shen J, Wei L, Liu D, Wu S, Cai Z, Xu F, Wang X, Ge W, Shen B 2020 Phys. Rev. Mater. 4 073402 Google Scholar
[7]	Zhang Z, Ouyang Y, Cheng Y, Chen J, Li N, Zhang G 2020 Phys. Rep. 860 1 Google Scholar
[8]	Li B, Wang J 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 044301 Google Scholar
[9]	Xu X, Chen J, Li B 2016 J. Phys. : Condens. Matter 28 483001 Google Scholar
[10]	Yu Y F, Minhaj T, Huang L J, Yu Y L, Cao L Y 2020 Phys. Rev. Appl. 13 034059 Google Scholar
[11]	Xu X, Pereira L F C, Wang Y, Wu J, Zhang K, Zhao X, Bae S, Cong Tinh B, Xie R, Thong J T L, Hong B H, Loh K P, Donadio D, Li B, Oezyilmaz B 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 3689 Google Scholar
[12]	Yang N, Xu X, Zhang G, Li B 2012 AIP Adv. 2 041410 Google Scholar
[13]	Kaburaki H, Machida M 1993 Phys. Lett. A 181 85 Google Scholar
[14]	Lepri S, Livi R, Politi A 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 1896 Google Scholar
[15]	Hu B, Li B, Zhao H 1998 Phys. Rev. E 57 2992 Google Scholar
[16]	Zhang G, Li B 2005 J. Chem. Phys. 123 114714 Google Scholar
[17]	Yang N, Zhang G, Li B W 2010 Nano Today 5 85 Google Scholar
[18]	Liu J, Yang R 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86 104307 Google Scholar
[19]	Maruyama S 2002 Physica B Condens. Matter 323 193 Google Scholar
[20]	Henry A, Chen G 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 235502 Google Scholar
[21]	Shen S, Henry A, Tong J, Zheng R, Chen G 2010 Nat Nanotechnol 5 251 Google Scholar
[22]	Chang C W, Okawa D, Garcia H, Majumdar A, Zettl A 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 075903 Google Scholar
[23]	Lee V, Wu C H, Lou Z X, Lee W L, Chang C W 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 135901 Google Scholar
[24]	Yang L, Tao Y, Zhu Y, Akter M, Wang K, Pan Z, Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Xu Y Q, Chen R, Xu T T, Chen Y, Mao Z, Li D 2021 Nat Nanotechnol 16 764 Google Scholar
[25]	Yao F, Xia S, Wei H, Zheng J, Yuan Z, Wang Y, Huang B, Li D, Lu H, Xu D 2022 Nano Lett. 22 6888 Google Scholar
[26]	Rieder Z, Lebowitz J L, Lieb E 2004 J. Math. Phys. 8 1073 Google Scholar
[27]	Payton D N, Rich M, Visscher W M 1967 Phy. Rev. 160 706 Google Scholar
[28]	Liu S, Hänggi P, Li N, Ren J, Li B 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 040601 Google Scholar
[29]	Li S-N, Cao B-Y 2020 Appl. Math. Lett. 99 105992 Google Scholar
[30]	Parisi G 1997 Europhys. Lett. 40 357 Google Scholar
[31]	Eckmann J P, Hairer M 2000 Commun. Math. Phys. 212 105 Google Scholar
[32]	Fermi E, Pasta P, Ulam S, Tsingou M 1955 Studies of the Nonlinear Problems; Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States): 1955.
[33]	Berman G P, Izrailev F M 2005 Chaos:An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 15 015104 Google Scholar
[34]	Wang Z, Fu W, Zhang Y, Zhao H 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 186401 Google Scholar
[35]	Fu W, Zhang Y, Zhao H 2019 Phys. Rev. E 100 052102 Google Scholar
[36]	Mas-Ballesté R, Gómez-Navarro C, Gómez-Herrero J, Zamora F 2011 Nanoscale 3 20 Google Scholar
[37]	Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D E, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666 Google Scholar
[38]	Gu X, Wei Y, Yin X, Li B, Yang R 2018 Rev. Mod. Phys. 90 041002 Google Scholar
[39]	Lippi A, Livi R 2000 J. Stat. Phys. 100 1147 Google Scholar
[40]	Yang L, Grassberger P, Hu B 2006 Phys. Rev. E 74 062101 Google Scholar
[41]	Wang L, Hu B, Li B 2012 Phys. Rev. E 86 040101 Google Scholar
[42]	Gu X K, Yang R G 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 131903 Google Scholar
[43]	Gu X K, Yang R G 2015 J. Appl. Phys. 117 025102 Google Scholar
[44]	Tobey R a I, Siemens M E, Cohen O, Murnane M M, Kapteyn H C, Nelson K A 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 286 Google Scholar
[45]	McBennett B, Beardo A, Nelson E E, Abad B, Frazer T D, Adak A, Esashi Y, Li B, Kapteyn H C, Murnane M M, Knobloch J L 2023 Nano Lett. 23 2129 Google Scholar
[46]	Kollie T G 1977 Phys. Rev. B 16 4872 Google Scholar
[47]	Beardo A, Knobloch J L, Sendra L, Bafaluy J, Frazer T D, Chao W, Hernandez-Charpak J N, Kapteyn H C, Abad B, Murnane M M, Alvarez F X, Camacho J 2021 ACS Nano 15 13019 Google Scholar
[48]	Ziman J M 2001 Electrons and Phonons: the Theory of Transport Phenomena in Solids (Oxford University Press
[49]	Karniadakis G, Beskok A, Aluru N 2006 Microflows and Nanoflows: Fundamentals and Simulation (New York: Springer Science & Business Media
[50]	Graczyk K M, Matyka M 2020 Sci. Rep. 10 21488 Google Scholar
[51]	Verdier M, Lacroix D, Termentzidis K 2018 Phys. Rev. B 98 155434 Google Scholar
[52]	Desmarchelier P, Beardo A, Alvarez F X, Tanguy A, Termentzidis K 2022 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 194 123003 Google Scholar
[53]	Lysenko V, Perichon S, Remaki B, Barbier D, Champagnon B 1999 J. Appl. Phys. 86 6841 Google Scholar
[54]	Ferrando-Villalba P, D’Ortenzi L, Dalkiranis G G, Cara E, Lopeandia A F, Abad L, Rurali R, Cartoixà X, De Leo N, Saghi Z, Jacob M, Gambacorti N, Boarino L, Rodríguez-Viejo J 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 12796 Google Scholar
[55]	Plimpton S 1995 J. Comput. Phys. 117 1 Google Scholar
[56]	Zhang Z, Ouyang Y, Guo Y, Nakayama T, Nomura M, Volz S, Chen J 2020 Phys. Rev. B 102 195302 Google Scholar
[57]	Jiang J, Lu S, Ouyang Y, Chen J 2022 Nanomaterials 12 2854 Google Scholar
[58]	Li X, Lee S 2019 Phys. Rev. B 99 085202 Google Scholar
[59]	Scuracchio P, Michel K H, Peeters F M 2019 Phys. Rev. B 99 144303 Google Scholar
[60]	Lee S, Broido D, Esfarjani K, Chen G 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 6290 Google Scholar
[61]	Cao Y, Fatemi V, Fang S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kaxiras E, Jarillo-Herrero P 2018 Nature 556 43 Google Scholar
[62]	Carr S, Massatt D, Fang S, Cazeaux P, Luskin M, Kaxiras E 2017 Phys. Rev. B 95 075420 Google Scholar
[63]	Bistritzer R, MacDonald A H 2011 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108 12233 Google Scholar
[64]	Cocemasov A I, Nika D L, Balandin A A 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 035428 Google Scholar
[65]	Li H, Ying H, Chen X, Nika D L, Cocemasov A I, Cai W, Balandin A A, Chen S 2014 Nanoscale 6 13402 Google Scholar
[66]	Han S, Nie X, Gu S, Liu W, Chen L, Ying H, Wang L, Cheng Z, Zhao L, Chen S 2021 Appl. Phys. Lett. 118 193104 Google Scholar
[67]	Di Battista G, Seifert P, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Fong K C, Principi A, Efetov D K 2022 Nano Lett. 22 6465 Google Scholar
[68]	Nie X, Zhao L, Deng S, Zhang Y, Du Z 2019 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 137 161 Google Scholar
[69]	Li C, Debnath B, Tan X, Su S, Xu K, Ge S, Neupane M R, Lake R K 2018 Carbon 138 451 Google Scholar
[70]	Wang M H, Xie Y E, Chen Y P 2017 Chin. Phys. B 26 116503 Google Scholar
[71]	Cheng Y, Fan Z, Zhang T, Nomura M, Volz S, Zhu G, Li B, Xiong S 2023 Mater. Today Phys. 35 101093 Google Scholar
[72]	Ravichandran J, Yadav A K, Cheaito R, Rossen P B, Soukiassian A, Suresha S J, Duda J C, Foley B M, Lee C-H, Zhu Y, Lichtenberger A W, Moore J E, Muller D A, Schlom D G, Hopkins P E, Majumdar A, Ramesh R, Zurbuchen M A 2014 Nat. Mater. 13 168 Google Scholar
[73]	Ni Y, Volz S 2021 J. Appl. Phys. 130 190901 Google Scholar
[74]	Shao C, Rong Q, Li N, Bao H 2018 Phys. Rev. B 98 155418 Google Scholar
[75]	Sun L, Zhai F, Cao Z, Huang X, Guo C, Wang H, Ni Y 2023 Chin. Phys. B 32 056301 Google Scholar
[76]	Wang Y, Huang H, Ruan X 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 165406 Google Scholar
[77]	Roy Chowdhury P, Reynolds C, Garrett A, Feng T, Adiga S P, Ruan X 2020 Nano Energy 69 104428 Google Scholar
[78]	Honarvar H, Hussein M I 2018 Phys. Rev. B 97 195413 Google Scholar
[79]	Kothari K, Maldovan M 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 5625 Google Scholar
[80]	Maldovan M 2013 Nature 503 209 Google Scholar
[81]	Li B, Tan K T, Christensen J 2017 Phys. Rev. B 95 144305 Google Scholar
[82]	Costescu R, Cahill D, Fabreguette F, Sechrist Z, George S 2004 Science 303 989 Google Scholar
[83]	Anufriev R, Yanagisawa R, Nomura M 2017 Nanoscale 9 15083 Google Scholar
[84]	Anufriev R, Maire J, Nomura M 2021 APL Mater. 9 070701 Google Scholar
[85]	Anufriev R, Gluchko S, Volz S, Nomura M 2018 ACS Nano 12 11928 Google Scholar
[86]	Maire J, Anufriev R, Yanagisawa R, Ramiere A, Volz S, Nomura M 2017 Sci. Adv. 3 e1700027 Google Scholar
[87]	Wang H, Cheng Y, Fan Z, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Bescond M, Nomura M, Ala-Nissila T, Volz S, Xiong S 2021 Nanoscale 13 10010 Google Scholar
[88]	Yang L, Chen J, Yang N, Li B 2015 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 91 428 Google Scholar
[89]	Zen N, Puurtinen T A, Isotalo T J, Chaudhuri S, Maasilta I J 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 3435 Google Scholar
[90]	Yang L, Yang N, Li B 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 1143 Google Scholar
[91]	Yang L, Yang N, Li B 2014 Nano Lett. 14 1734 Google Scholar
[92]	Moore A L, Saha S K, Prasher R S, Shi L 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 083112 Google Scholar
[93]	Martin P, Aksamija Z, Pop E, Ravaioli U 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 125503 Google Scholar
[94]	Maurer L N, Aksamija Z, Ramayya E B, Davoody A H, Knezevic I 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 133108 Google Scholar
[95]	Chang C W, Okawa D, Majumdar A, Zettl A 2006 Science 314 1121 Google Scholar
[96]	Hochbaum A I, Chen R, Delgado R D, Liang W, Garnett E C, Najarian M, Majumdar A, Yang P 2008 Nature 451 163 Google Scholar
[97]	Lim J, Hippalgaonkar K, Andrews S C, Majumdar A, Yang P 2012 Nano Lett. 12 2475 Google Scholar
[98]	Li D, Wu Y, Kim P, Shi L, Yang P, Majumdar A 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 2934 Google Scholar
[99]	Algra R E, Verheijen M A, Borgström M T, Feiner L F, Immink G, van Enckevort W J P, Vlieg E, Bakkers E P A M 2008 Nature 456 369 Google Scholar
[100]	Li X, Bohn P W 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 2572 Google Scholar
[101]	Canham L 2014 Handbook of Porous Silicon (Berlin: Springer International Publishing
[102]	Lee J H, Galli G A, Grossman J C 2008 Nano Lett. 8 3750 Google Scholar
[103]	Ma J, Sadhu J, Ganta D, Tian H, Sinha S 2014 AIP Adv. 4 124502 Google Scholar
[104]	Gesele G, Linsmeier J, Drach V, Fricke J, Arens-Fischer R 1997 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 30 2911 Google Scholar
[105]	Zhang G, Li B 2010 Nanoscale 2 1058 Google Scholar
[106]	Zhao Y, Liu D, Chen J, Zhu L, Belianinov A, Ovchinnikova O S, Unocic R R, Burch M J, Kim S, Hao H, Pickard D S, Li B, Thong J T L 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 15919 Google Scholar
[107]	Aiyiti A, Hu S, Wang C, Xi Q, Cheng Z, Xia M, Ma Y, Wu J, Guo J, Wang Q, Zhou J, Chen J, Xu X, Li B 2018 Nanoscale 10 2727 Google Scholar
[108]	Chen J, Zhang G, Li B 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 073117 Google Scholar
[109]	Yang N, Zhang G, Li B 2008 Nano Lett. 8 276 Google Scholar
[110]	Chang C W, Fennimore A M, Afanasiev A, Okawa D, Ikuno T, Garcia H, Li D, Majumdar A, Zettl A 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 085901 Google Scholar
[111]	Yang J, Waltermire S, Chen Y, Zinn A A, Xu T T, Li D 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 023109 Google Scholar
[112]	Khalatnikov I 1952 Zh. Eksperim. i Teor. Fiz 23 169
[113]	Swartz E T, Pohl R O 1989 Rev. Mod. Phys. 61 605 Google Scholar
[114]	Young D A, Maris H J 1989 Phys. Rev. B 40 3685 Google Scholar
[115]	Wang J S, Wang J, Zeng N 2006 Phys. Rev. B 74 033408 Google Scholar
[116]	Maiti A, Mahan G D, Pantelides S T 1997 Solid State Commun. 102 517 Google Scholar
[117]	Yang H, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Zeng X C 2018 Nanoscale 10 19092 Google Scholar
[118]	Behler J 2016 The Journal of Chemical Physics 145 170901 Google Scholar
[119]	Zubatiuk T, Isayev O 2021 Acc. Chem. Res. 54 1575 Google Scholar
[120]	Wu Y-J, Fang L, Xu Y 2019 npj Comput. Mater. 5 56 Google Scholar
[121]	Jin S, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Chen J, Nomura M, Volz S 2022 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 182 122014 Google Scholar
[122]	Ouyang Y, Yu C, He J, Jiang P, Ren W, Chen J 2022 Phys. Rev. B 105 115202 Google Scholar
[123]	Wang Z, Xie R, Bui C T, Liu D, Ni X, Li B, Thong J T 2011 Nano Lett. 11 113 Google Scholar
[124]	Cahill D G 2004 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75 5119 Google Scholar
[125]	Cahill D G 1990 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61 802 Google Scholar
[126]	Liu D, Xie R, Yang N, Li B, Thong J T L 2014 Nano Lett. 14 806 Google Scholar
[127]	Sun F, Wang X, Yang M, Chen Z, Zhang H, Tang D 2017 Int. J. Thermophys. 39 5 Google Scholar
[128]	Giri A, Gaskins J T, Li L, Wang Y-S, Prezhdo O V, Hopkins P E 2019 Phys. Rev. B 99 165139 Google Scholar
[129]	Foley B M, Hernández S C, Duda J C, Robinson J T, Walton S G, Hopkins P E 2015 Nano Lett. 15 4876 Google Scholar
[130]	Hopkins P E, Norris P M, Tsegaye M S, Ghosh A W 2009 J. Appl. Phys. 106 023710 Google Scholar
[131]	Li X, Yang R 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86 054305 Google Scholar
[132]	Hohensee G T, Wilson R B, Cahill D G 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 6578 Google Scholar
[133]	Wilson R B, Apgar B A, Hsieh W-P, Martin L W, Cahill D G 2015 Phys. Rev. B 91 115414 Google Scholar
[134]	Zhong J, Xi Q, Wang Z, Nakayama T, Li X, Liu J, Zhou J 2021 J. Appl. Phys. 129 195102 Google Scholar
[135]	Pollack G L 1969 Rev. Mod. Phys. 41 48 Google Scholar
[136]	Li B, Wang L, Casati G 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 184301 Google Scholar
[137]	Li B, Lan J, Wang L 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 104302 Google Scholar
[138]	Ding Y F, Zhu G M, Shen X Y, Bai X, Li B W 2022 Chin. Phys. B 31 126301 Google Scholar
[139]	Liu D 2014 Ph. D Theses (Singapore: National University of Singapore
[140]	Yang N, Li N, Wang L, Li B 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 020301 Google Scholar
[141]	Yang L, Wan X, Ma D, Jiang Y, Yang N 2021 Phys. Rev. B 103 155305 Google Scholar
[142]	Ma D, Zhao Y, Zhang L 2021 J. Appl. Phys. 129 175302 Google Scholar
[143]	Fröhlich H 1968 Int. J. Quantum Chem. 2 641 Google Scholar
[144]	Nardecchia I, Torres J, Lechelon M, Giliberti V, Ortolani M, Nouvel P, Gori M, Meriguet Y, Donato I, Preto J, Varani L, Sturgis J, Pettini M 2018 Phys. Rev. X 8 031061 Google Scholar
[145]	Zhang Z, Agarwal G S, Scully M O 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 158101 Google Scholar
[146]	Aspelmeyer M, Kippenberg T J, Marquardt F 2014 Rev. Mod. Phys. 86 1391 Google Scholar
[147]	Zheng X, Li B 2021 Physical Review A 104 043512 Google Scholar
[148]	Zheng X, Li B 2022 arXiv preprint arXiv: 2201.00251
[149]	Pettit R, Ge W, Kumar P, Luntz-Martin D, Schultz J, Neukirch L, Bhattacharya M, Vamivakas A 2019 Nat. Photonics 13 1 Google Scholar
[150]	Rego L G C, Kirczenow G 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 232 Google Scholar
[151]	Rego L G C, Kirczenow G 1999 Phys. Rev. B 59 13080 Google Scholar
[152]	Schwab K, Henriksen E A, Worlock J M, Roukes M L 2000 Nature 404 974 Google Scholar
[153]	Santamore D H, Cross M C 2001 Phys. Rev. B 63 184306 Google Scholar
[154]	Chen K Q, Li W X, Duan W, Shuai Z, Gu B L 2005 Phys. Rev. B 72 045422 Google Scholar
[155]	Peng X F, Chen K Q, Wan Q, Zou B, Duan W 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 195317 Google Scholar
[156]	Peng X F, Wang X J, Gong Z Q, Chen K Q 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 233105 Google Scholar
[157]	Huang L, Chen S Z, Zeng Y J, Wu D, Li B L, Feng Y X, Fan Z Q, Tang L M, Chen K Q 2020 Adv. Electron. Mater. 6 2000689 Google Scholar
[158]	王子, 张丹妹, 任捷 2019 物理学报 68 220302 Google Scholar Wang Z, Zhang D M, Ren J 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 220302 Google Scholar
[159]	Uchida K, Takahashi S, Harii K, Ieda J, Koshibae W, Ando K, Maekawa S, Saitoh E 2008 Nature 455 778 Google Scholar
[160]	Jaworski C, Yang J, Mack S, Awschalom D, Heremans J, Myers R 2010 Nat. Mater. 9 898 Google Scholar
[161]	Ren J 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 220406 Google Scholar
[162]	Flipse J, Dejene F K, Wagenaar D, Bauer G E W, Youssef J B, van Wees B J 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 027601 Google Scholar
[163]	Zhang L, Wang J S, Li B 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 100301 Google Scholar
[164]	Pan H, Tang L M, Chen K Q 2022 Phys. Rev. B 105 064401 Google Scholar
[165]	邢玉恒, 徐锡方, 张力发 2017 物理学报 22 226601 Google Scholar Xing Y H, Xu X F, Zhang L F 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 22 226601 Google Scholar
[166]	Hentrich R, Roslova M, Isaeva A, Doert T, Brenig W, Büchner B, Hess C 2019 Phys. Rev. B 99 085136 Google Scholar
[167]	Yang Y F, Zhang G M, Zhang F C 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 186602 Google Scholar
[168]	Akazawa M, Shimozawa M, Kittaka S, Sakakibara T, Okuma R, Hiroi Z, Lee H Y, Kawashima N, Han J H, Yamashita M 2020 Phys. Rev. X 10 041059 Google Scholar
[169]	Zhang L, Ren J, Wang J S, Li B 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 225901 Google Scholar
[170]	Saito T, Misaki K, Ishizuka H, Nagaosa N 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 255901 Google Scholar
[171]	Zhang L, Niu Q 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 085503 Google Scholar
[172]	Zhang L, Niu Q 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 115502 Google Scholar
[173]	Zhu H, Yi J, Li M Y, Xiao J, Zhang L, Yang C W, Kaindl R A, Li L J, Wang Y, Zhang X 2018 Science 359 579 Google Scholar
[174]	Chen H, Wu W, Yang S A, Li X, Zhang L 2019 Phys. Rev. B 100 094303 Google Scholar
[175]	Gao M, Zhang W, Zhang L 2018 Nano Lett. 18 4424 Google Scholar
[176]	Chen X, Lu X, Dubey S, Yao Q, Liu S, Wang X, Xiong Q, Zhang L, Srivastava A 2019 Nat. Phys. 15 221 Google Scholar
[177]	Chen H, Wu W, Zhu J, Yang Z, Gong W, Gao W, Yang S A, Zhang L 2022 Nano Lett. 22 1688 Google Scholar
[178]	Kim K, Vetter E, Yan L, Yang C, Wang Z, Sun R, Yang Y, Comstock A H, Li X, Zhou J 2023 Nat. Mater. 22 322 Google Scholar
[179]	Narayan O, Ramaswamy S 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 200601 Google Scholar
[180]	Pereverzev A 2003 Phys. Rev. E 68 056124 Google Scholar
[181]	Vallabhaneni A K, Singh D, Bao H, Murthy J, Ruan X 2016 Phys. Rev. B 93 125432 Google Scholar
[182]	Cepellotti A, Fugallo G, Paulatto L, Lazzeri M, Mauri F, Marzari N 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 6400 Google Scholar
[183]	Huberman S, Duncan R A, Chen K, Song B, Chiloyan V, Ding Z, Maznev A A, Chen G, Nelson K A 2019 Science 364 375 Google Scholar
[184]	Shang M Y, Mao W H, Yang N, Li B, Lü J T 2022 Phys. Rev. B 105 165423 Google Scholar
[185]	Yu C, Shan S, Lu S, Zhang Z, Chen J 2023 Phys. Rev. B 107 165424 Google Scholar

施引文献

图 1 微处理器过去半个世纪的发展趋势. 晶体管数目, 单线程性能, 工作频率, 核心数, 热流密度(红色虚线)随时间的变化趋势^[4]

Fig. 1. Microprocessor trend data during 1972–2020. Transistor (kilo unites), single-thread performance (SpecINT × 10³) frequency (MHz), typical power (Watts), number of logical cores, density of heat flow (W/cm²)^[4].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 热界面材料的应用场景

Fig. 2. Application scenario of thermal interface materials.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 芯片涉及的热传导过程　(a) 芯片安装的宏观结构; (b) 热界面材料填充热沉与热源的示意图和温度分布; (c) 通过材料工程优化芯片内部结构^[6]; (d) Si衬底GaN基电子器件的多层结构示意图

Fig. 3. Heat conduction of the computer chip: (a) Schematic diagram of chip packaging; (b) schematic diagram and temperature profile for an interface composed of two dissimilar segments; (c) optimize the structure of the chip by material engineering^[6]; (d) schematic diagram of the multilayer structure inside a GaN based electronic device chip on Si substrate.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 一维体系热导率发散的理论研究　(a) 当非线性参数$ \beta =1.5 $时, 一维原子链的热导率随体系尺寸N的变化关系^[13]; (b) 基于不同模型时(FPU-$ \beta $模型, 不同参数的FK模型)$ JN $随原子链长度的变化关系^[15]; (c) 不同的单璧碳纳米管热导率随尺寸的变化关系^[16]; (d) 硅纳米线热导率随尺寸的变化关系^[17]; (e) 单根高分子链热导率随长度发散的理论结果^[18]

Fig. 4. Diverged thermal conductivity in 1D systems: (a) Thermal conductivity $ \kappa $ for an FPU lattice with $ \beta =1.5 $ varies with the system size $ N $^[13]; (b) $ JN $ vs. the number of particles $ N $ for different models ($ J $-heat flux) ^[15]; (c) the thermal conductivity vs. tube length L in log-log scale for different tubes at 300 and 800 K^[16]; (d) thermal conductivity of SiNWs (with fixed transverse boundary condition) vs. longitude length $ L_z $^[17]; (e) thermal conductivity of single extended polymer chains of five polymers as a function of chain length ^[18].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 碳纳米管和氮化硼纳米管热阻随尺寸的变化关系　(a) 归一化的热阻随长度的变化关系, 插图为扫描电镜下悬空热桥法的测试装置^[22]; (b) 碳纳米管的归一化热阻随长度的变化关系(从热阻变化推断出热导率变化为$ \kappa \sim{L}^{0.6} $)^[22]; (c) 氮化硼纳米管的归一化热阻随长度的发散关系(从而得到$ \kappa \sim{L}^{0.5} $)^[22]

Fig. 5. Normalized thermal resistance vs . normalized sample length for different samples: (a) The relations between normalized thermal resistance and sample length for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and boron-nitride nanotubes (BNNTs)^[22]; (b) the relations between normalized thermal resistance and sample length for CNT^[22]; (c) the relations between normalized thermal resistance and sample length for BNNTs^[22].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 NbSe₃纳米线和Si_0.4Ge_0.6薄膜中的超扩散现象　(a) NbSe₃纳米线材料体系中的超扩散声子热输运实验发现^[24]; (b) Si_0.4Ge_0.6 薄膜中的超扩散热输运^[25]

Fig. 6. Experimental evidence of superdiffusive behavior of thermal transport in aligned atomic chains and Si_0.4Ge_0.6 thin films: (a) Observation of superdiffusive phonon transport in NbSe₃ nanowire^[24]; (b) superdiffusive thermal transport in Si_0.4Ge_0.6 thin films^[25]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 扩散与热传导之间的对应关系^[8]

Fig. 7. Connection between heat conduction and anomalous diffusion^[8].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 扩散方程中的$ \alpha $与热传导方程中$ \beta $之间的关系^[8]

Fig. 8. Connection between anomalous diffusion and heat conduction^[8].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 一些典型二维材料的热导率和平面结构^[38]

Fig. 9. Thermal conductivity and layer structure of some typical 2D materials^[38].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 二维材料反常热输运的理论研究　(a) 基于FPU-β模型的二维晶格热导率随尺寸变化关系^[41]; (b) 基于相互作用势为四次方模型的二维晶格热导率随尺寸变化关系^[41]; (c) 基于不同计算方法得到的二硫化钼热导率随尺寸的变化关系^[42]; (d) 石墨烯热导率随尺寸变化关系; (e) 硅烯热导率随尺寸变化关系^[43]

Fig. 10. Anomalous thermal transport in two-dimensional material. (a) κ_GK(N) in the X direction vs. N in N_X ×N_Y lattices. FPU-β lattice. Inset: data plotted in double logarithmic scale. Solid line corresponds to N^0.25[41]. (b) Purely quartic lattices^[41]. (c) The calculated thermal conductivity of MoS₂ at 300 K as a function of sample size^[42]. (d) Length dependence of thermal conductivity of each phonon branch of graphene. (e) Length dependence of thermal conductivity of each phonon branch of silicene^[43].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 二维材料热导率发散的实验研究　(a) 基于热桥法测量得到的悬空单层石墨烯热导率^[11]; (b) 拉曼光热法得到的不同厚度MoS₂热导率随尺寸的变化关系; (c) 拉曼光热法得到的不同材料二维材料热导率随尺寸的变化关系^[10]

Fig. 11. Thermal conductivity of 2D systems: (a) Experimental results on length-dependent thermal conductivity^[11]; (b) thermal conductivity of suspended momolayer/bilayer/trilayer MoS₂ obtained through Raman photothermal method as a function of sample size; (c) thermal conductivity of monolayer WS₂ (red color) and WSe₂ (orange color) obtained through Raman photothermal method as a function of sample size^[10].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 在室温下观察到三维硅超晶格的超低热导率　(a) 实验设置示意图. 通过一个时间延迟的极紫外探测光束, 在超快红外激光泵浦脉冲激发后, 监测超晶格表面镍光栅的热弛豫^[45]. (b) 超晶格结构的横截面电子显微镜图像. 约500 nm厚的超晶格薄膜由晶体硅组成, 其中穿插有36 nm周期性和约20 nm直径的FCC堆积孔隙, 导致孔隙率为0.385 ± 0.02^[45]. (c) 傅里叶定律(虚线红色)预测值和实验得到的超低热导率数值(灰色). 插图显示了块体硅导热率(黑色)、体积缩减的有效介质理论Eucken & Russell导热率(蓝色)以及明显的超晶格热导率(红色), 后者仅为块体的1%^[45]

Fig. 12. Ultra-low thermal conductivity observed in three-dimensional silicon superlattices at room temperature. (a) Schematic diagram of the experimental setup. The thermal relaxation of the nickel grating on the superlattice surface is monitored after ultrafast infrared laser pump pulse excitation using a time-delayed extreme ultraviolet (EUV) probe beam^[45]. (b) cross-sectional electron microscope image of the superlattice structure. The approximately 500-nm-thick superlattice film is composed of crystalline silicon with 36-nm periodic and approximately 20-nm diameter FCC-stacked pores, resulting in a porosity of 0.385 ± 0.02^[45]. (c) Fourier’s law predicted values (dashed red line) and experimentally obtained ultra-low thermal conductivity values (gray). The inset shows the bulk silicon thermal conductivity (black), the volume-reduced Eucken & Russell thermal conductivity (blue), and the distinct superlattice thermal conductivity (red), the latter being only 1% of the bulk value^[45].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 高度受限纳米体系中声子“黏度”(viscosity)与声子晶体孔隙率(porosity)的统一理论^[45]

Fig. 13. Unified theory of phonon “viscosity” and “porosity” in highly constrained nano-systems^[45].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 (a) 双层旋转石墨烯面内振动, 垂直方向振动对热传导的贡献和总的热导率随旋转角的变化^[71]; (b) 图(a)中(0°—5°)范围内放大的热导率变化^[71]; (c) 不同温度下热导率与旋转角的依赖关系^[71]; (d) 0°—5°转角下不同温度热导率随转角的变化关系^[71]; (e) 双层旋转石墨烯形成的莫尔晶格(Moire)和AA, AB, SP堆积结构的原子位置. 红/蓝颜色的原子对应下层和上层的碳原子^[71]

Fig. 14. (a) Total, in-plane, and out-of-plane thermal conductivity of TBG varies as twist angle from 0° to 30° at 300 K^[71]; (b) total thermal conductivity of TBG versus twist angle below 5°^[71]; (c) total thermal conductivity of TBG versus with twist angle at temperatures 300, 400 and 500 K^[71]; (d) normalized thermal conductivity with respect to the value of the untwisted structure as a function of twist angle at 300, 400 and 500 K^[71]; (e) the Moiré lattice formed in TBG and the atomic arrangements of AA, AB, and SP stacks^[71].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 布拉格反射型声子晶体重声子在声子晶体的运动行为　(a) 处于禁带内的声子穿过周期结构逐渐消失^[72]; (b) 处于禁带外的声子能够穿过周期结构^[72]

Fig. 15. Travel behavior of phonons in phononic crystals: (a) Phonons within the bandgap gradually disappear as they pass through the periodic structure^[72]; (b) phonons outside the bandgap are able to pass through the periodic structure^[72].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 16 局域共振型声子晶体　(a) 相同材料下具有柱状结构的纳米声子晶体(红色)声子谱、群速度和没有柱状结构的膜(绿色)的声子谱、群速度的对比^[78]; (b) 柱状分子纳米声子晶体的结构^[78]

Fig. 16. Phononic crystals with resonant cavities: (a) Comparison of phonon spectra and group velocities between nanophononic crystals with pillars (red) and membranes without pillars (green) made of the same material^[78]; (b) structure of the nanophononic crystal with pillars^[78].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 17 不同波长声子传递的信息^[80]

Fig. 17. Information transmission by phonons of different wavelengths^[80].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 18 (a) 简化后的共振器模型^[81]; (b) 四种不同类型的周期型结构(由上至下分别是打孔结构、翅形结构、柱形结构、材料掺杂结构), 以及四种结构的热导率与结构尺寸的变化关系^[84]; (c) 不同共振器结构GNR的热导率^[87]

Fig. 18. (a) Simplified resonator model^[81]; (b) four different types of periodic structures (from top to bottom: holes, wings, pillars, and material-doped structure), and the relationship between thermal conductivity and structural size for the four structures^[84]; (c) thermal conductivity of different resonator structures in GNRs^[87].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 19 二维石墨烯声子晶体的热导率随(a)温度, (b)周期长度的变化情况^[88]; (c) 声子晶体在激光加热下的温度变化情况, 符号的大小代表测量误差^[89]

Fig. 19. Thermal conductivity variation with temperature (a) and system periodic length (b) ^[88]; (c) temperature changes of the nanophononic crystals under laser heating, where the symbol size represents measurement errors^[89].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 20 (a) 三维声子晶体中声子传输方式示意图^[91]; (b) 不同空孔隙率下硅基声子晶体热导率随温度变化情况^[91]

Fig. 20. (a) Schematic representation of phonon transport in three-dimensional nanophononic crystals^[91]; (b) temperature dependence of thermal conductivity in silicon-based nanophononic crystals with different porosities^[91].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 21 (a) 光滑的VLS Si纳米线的热导率, 阴影区域是具有均方根粗糙度为1—3 Å的理论预测^[93,98]; (b) 粗糙的Si纳米线的热导率(均方根粗糙度为 3—3.25 nm)^[93,99]; (c) 在纳米管(晶格结构)上沉积金属铂的示意图^[95]; (d), (e) 相应的低放大倍率透射电子显微镜图像, C₉H₁₆Pt沉积在电极上前(d)后(e)的碳纳米管(中间的浅灰色线)的扫描电子显微镜图像, 比例尺为5 mm; (f) 热导率测试实验装置示意图^[95]

Fig. 21. (a) Thermal conductivity of smooth VLS Si nanowires. The shaded areas represent theoretical predictions result with root mean square roughness of 1–3 Å^[93,98]. (b) Thermal conductivity of rough Si nanowires with root mean square roughness of 3.00–3.25 nm^[93,99]. (c) Schematic description of depositing amorphous C₉H₁₆Pt (black dots) on a nanotube (lattice structure)^[95]. (d), (e) Corresponding low-magnification transmission electron microscopy images of the same carbon nanotube, showing the condition before (d) and after (e) C₉H₁₆Pt deposition. Scanning electron microscopy image of a carbon nanotube (light gray line in the center) with C₉H₁₆Pt deposited on the electrodes, the scale bar is 5 mm. (f) Schematic diagram of experimental device for thermal conductivity test^[95]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 22 (a) 周期排布孔硅纳米材料^[102]; (b) 规整排布孔硅纳米材料^[102]; (c) 不同频率的波穿过规整和无规多孔介质的散射情况^[103]; (d) 无规多孔硅热导率在不同孔隙率P = 64％, 71％, 79％, 89％的变化情况^[104]

Fig. 22. (a) Periodic porous silicon nanomaterials^[102]; (b) regularly arranged porous silicon nanomaterials^[102]; (c) scattering of waves at different frequencies through periodic porous and amorphous porous media^[103]; (d) variation of thermal conductivity for amorphous porous silicon with different porosities P = 64%, 71%, 79%, 89%^[104].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 23 (a) 氦离子辐照后实验实物图和示意图^[106]; (b) 硅纳米线热导率随掺杂浓度的变化^[106]; (c) 单壁碳纳米管热导率随掺杂浓度下降示意图^[16]; (d) 掺杂前后氮化硼热导率随温度的变化^[110]

Fig. 23. (a) Experimental images and schematic diagram after helium ion irradiation^[106]; (b) thermal conductivity variation of silicon nanowire with doping concentration^[106]; (c) decrease in thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes with doping concentration^[16]; (d) variation of boron nitride thermal conductivity with temperature before and after doping^[110].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 24 (a) 由两个不同节段组成的界面的示意图和温度分布图^[2]; (b) z = 0处的理想界面分别延伸到每侧的有限厚度$ {\delta }_{1} $和$ {\delta }_{2} $, 与在界面上的声子反射和折射示意图^[2]

Fig. 24. (a) Schematic diagram and temperature distribution of an interface composed of two different segments^[2]; (b) the ideal interface extending to finite thicknesses $ {\delta }_{1} $ and $ {\delta }_{2} $ on each side of $ z=0 $, with phonon reflection and refraction at the interface^[2].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 25 计算界面热阻的理论和数值方法比较

Fig. 25. Comparison of theoretical and numerical methods for calculating interface thermal resistance.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 26 界面热阻的实验测量方法^[55,106,127]

Fig. 26. Experimental methods for measuring interface thermal resistance^[55,106,127].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 27 界面热阻不对称性的理论计算与实验验证　(a) 理论^[137]; (b) 实验^[126]

Fig. 27. Theoretical calculation and experimental verification of interface thermal resistance asymmetry: (a) Theoretical^[137]; (b) experiment^[126].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 28 (a) 均匀、突变和质量梯度一维原子链的示意图^[142]; (b) 界面热导与质量梯度中间层的层数关系^[142]; (c) 具有质量梯度Si/Ge界面示意图^[142]; (d) 界面热导与温度的关系^[142]

Fig. 28. (a) Schematic diagram of uniform, abrupt, and mass-graded one-dimensional atomic chains^[142]; (b) relationship between interface thermal conductivity and the number of layers in the mass-graded intermediate layer^[142]; (c) schematic diagram of Si/Ge interface with mass gradient^[142]; (d) relationship between interfacial thermal conductance and temperature^[142].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 29 (a) 腔光力学系统示意图, 包含光学腔与一维膜阵列的相互作用^[147]; (b) 系统简化模型^[147]; (c), (d) 最低(最高)模式下的声子数^[147]

Fig. 29. (a) Schematic diagram of the optomechanical system, including the interaction between the optical cavity and the one-dimensional membrane array^[147]; (b) simplified model of the system^[147]; (c), (d) phonon numbers in the lowest (highest) mode^[147].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 30 (a) 具有非线性反馈的机械振子系统^[148]; (b), (c) 最低模式(n=1)的振动能在长时间稳态下占主导地位, 实现最低模式的声子(能量)凝聚^[148]

Fig. 30. (a) Mechanical oscillator system with nonlinear feedback^[148]; (b), (c) the vibrational energy of the lowest mode (n=1) dominates in the long-term steady state, achieving phonon (energy) condensation in the lowest mode^[148].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 31 稳态下最低模的声子统计. 非线性反馈诱导的 (a) 最低模式的相位图与 (b) 最低模式的噪声功率谱密度^[148]

Fig. 31. Depicts the phonon statistics of the lowest mode in the steady state. The phase diagram of the lowest mode induced by nonlinear feedback is shown in Figure (a), while Figure (b) displays the noise power spectral density of the lowest mode^[148].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 32 (a) 低温下声学声子热导率的实验值与温度的关系^[152]; 具有(b) catenoidal形量子结构的量子线、(c) 量子点调制的量子结构, 以及(d) 双腔结构调制石墨烯纳米带的量子结构的声子输运和热导率^[155,156]

Fig. 32. (a) The relationship between the experimental value of acoustic phonon thermal conductivity and temperature^[152]; phonon transport and thermal conductivity of the quantum structure with (b) catenoidal shaped quantum structure, (c) quantum dot modulated quantum structure, and (d) double cavity structure modulated graphene nanoribbon quantum structure^[155,156].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 33 (a) 铁磁器件; (b) 铁磁体/非磁性金属(F/N)界面器件; (c) 磁振子-声子散射器件中的能量交换; (d) 不同外磁场下磁振子非弹性热流随温差的变化^[164]

Fig. 33. (a) Ferromagnetic (FM) devices; (b) ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic (F/N) interfaces; (c) the energy exchange in the present magnon-phonon scattering (MPS) devices; (d) the temperature difference and external magnetic field dependence of inelastic heat flow^[164].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 34 (a) 声子霍尔效应^[165]; (b) 理论分析, 霍尔热导率$ {K}_{xy}/T $随温度的变化规律^[166]; 基于α-RuCl3实验测得横向热导率$ {K}_{xy} $与(c) 磁场和(d) 温度的关系^[166]

Fig. 34. (a) Phonon Hall effect^[165]; (b) three temperature regions for the thermal Hall conductivity^[166]; (c) magnetic field and (d) temperature dependence of the transversal heat conductivity $ {K}_{xy} $of α-RuCl₃^[166].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 35 不同温度下(a) 声子霍尔电导率$ {K}_{xy} $^[169]和(b) 一阶导数$ {\mathrm{d}}{K}_{xy}/{\mathrm{d}}h $与磁场 h 的非单调关系, T = 50 (点线), 100 (虚线), 和 300 K (实线) ^[169]

Fig. 35. (a) Phonon Hall conductivity $ {K}_{xy} $ vs. magnetic field h for different temperatures^[169]; (b) $ {\mathrm{d}}{K}_{xy}/{\mathrm{d}}h $ as a function of magnetic field at different temperatures: T =50 (dotted line), 100 (dashed line), and 300 K (solid line) ^[169].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 36 蜂窝状AB晶格中的谷声子 (a) 蜂窝状AB晶格的声子色散关系以及子格A与B在$ k\left(k'\right) $点的声子振动模式示意图^[172]; (b) 在$ k\left(k'\right) $点处, 子格A与B非局域部分的相位示意图^[172]; (c) 在$ k\left(k'\right) $点处, 1—4各支能带的声子赝角动量^[172]

Fig. 36. Valley phonons in a honeycomb AB lattice: (a) Phonon dispersion relation of a honeycomb AB lattice^[172]; (b) phase correlation of the phonon nonlocal part for sublattice A (upper two panels) and sublattice B (lower two panels)^[172]; (c) phonon pseudo-angular momentum (PAM) for bands 1 to 4^[172].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 37 (a) 右旋和(b) 左旋的声子谱, 它们显示出相同的色散但相反的手性分布^[177]. 在图(a)中P附近的频率下, (c) 只允许左旋声子从左到右通过螺旋链, (d) 当螺旋的手性发生改变时, 只允许右旋声子从左到右通过螺旋链^[177]

Fig. 37. The phonon spectra for (a) right-handed helix and (b) left-handed helix, which show the same dispersion but opposite chirality distribution^[177]; (c) at the frequency around P in figure (a) only left-handed phonons are allowed to pass the helix from left to right, (d) when the chirality of the helix is switched, the situation reverses^[177].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 38 (a) 铁磁性材料中自旋塞贝克效应的示意图, 通过向铁磁体施加温度梯度, 在相邻的非磁性层(即Cu)中产生自旋电流^[178]; (b) 手性声子激发的自旋塞贝克效应的示意图, 通过向非磁性手性体系施加温度梯度, 在没有磁化和磁场的情况下, 手性声子通过手性体系在Cu层中产生自旋电流^[178]

Fig. 38. (a) Schematic illustration of the spin Seebeck effect in a ferromagnetic material. By applying a temperature gradient to the ferromagnet, a spin current is generated in an adjacent non-magnetic layer (that is, Cu) ^[178]. (b) Schematic illustration of the chiral-phonon-activated spin Seebeck effect. When a temperature difference is applied to a chiral material, a spin current can be produced in the Cu layer due to the propagation of the chiral phonons through the material in the absence of the magnetization and magnetic field^[178].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

[1]	Moore A L, Shi L 2014 Mater. Today 17 163 Google Scholar
[2]	Chen J, Xu X, Zhou J, Li B 2022 Rev. Mod. Phys. 94 025002 Google Scholar
[3]	Harper C 2004 Electronic Packaging and Interconnection Handbook. (New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc
[4]	Muralidhar R, Borovica-Gajic R, Buyya R 2022 ACM Comput. Surv. 54 1
[5]	Waldrop M M 2016 Nature 530 144 Google Scholar
[6]	Zhang J, Yang X, Feng Y, Li Y, Wang M, Shen J, Wei L, Liu D, Wu S, Cai Z, Xu F, Wang X, Ge W, Shen B 2020 Phys. Rev. Mater. 4 073402 Google Scholar
[7]	Zhang Z, Ouyang Y, Cheng Y, Chen J, Li N, Zhang G 2020 Phys. Rep. 860 1 Google Scholar
[8]	Li B, Wang J 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 044301 Google Scholar
[9]	Xu X, Chen J, Li B 2016 J. Phys. : Condens. Matter 28 483001 Google Scholar
[10]	Yu Y F, Minhaj T, Huang L J, Yu Y L, Cao L Y 2020 Phys. Rev. Appl. 13 034059 Google Scholar
[11]	Xu X, Pereira L F C, Wang Y, Wu J, Zhang K, Zhao X, Bae S, Cong Tinh B, Xie R, Thong J T L, Hong B H, Loh K P, Donadio D, Li B, Oezyilmaz B 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 3689 Google Scholar
[12]	Yang N, Xu X, Zhang G, Li B 2012 AIP Adv. 2 041410 Google Scholar
[13]	Kaburaki H, Machida M 1993 Phys. Lett. A 181 85 Google Scholar
[14]	Lepri S, Livi R, Politi A 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 1896 Google Scholar
[15]	Hu B, Li B, Zhao H 1998 Phys. Rev. E 57 2992 Google Scholar
[16]	Zhang G, Li B 2005 J. Chem. Phys. 123 114714 Google Scholar
[17]	Yang N, Zhang G, Li B W 2010 Nano Today 5 85 Google Scholar
[18]	Liu J, Yang R 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86 104307 Google Scholar
[19]	Maruyama S 2002 Physica B Condens. Matter 323 193 Google Scholar
[20]	Henry A, Chen G 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 235502 Google Scholar
[21]	Shen S, Henry A, Tong J, Zheng R, Chen G 2010 Nat Nanotechnol 5 251 Google Scholar
[22]	Chang C W, Okawa D, Garcia H, Majumdar A, Zettl A 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 075903 Google Scholar
[23]	Lee V, Wu C H, Lou Z X, Lee W L, Chang C W 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 135901 Google Scholar
[24]	Yang L, Tao Y, Zhu Y, Akter M, Wang K, Pan Z, Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Xu Y Q, Chen R, Xu T T, Chen Y, Mao Z, Li D 2021 Nat Nanotechnol 16 764 Google Scholar
[25]	Yao F, Xia S, Wei H, Zheng J, Yuan Z, Wang Y, Huang B, Li D, Lu H, Xu D 2022 Nano Lett. 22 6888 Google Scholar
[26]	Rieder Z, Lebowitz J L, Lieb E 2004 J. Math. Phys. 8 1073 Google Scholar
[27]	Payton D N, Rich M, Visscher W M 1967 Phy. Rev. 160 706 Google Scholar
[28]	Liu S, Hänggi P, Li N, Ren J, Li B 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 040601 Google Scholar
[29]	Li S-N, Cao B-Y 2020 Appl. Math. Lett. 99 105992 Google Scholar
[30]	Parisi G 1997 Europhys. Lett. 40 357 Google Scholar
[31]	Eckmann J P, Hairer M 2000 Commun. Math. Phys. 212 105 Google Scholar
[32]	Fermi E, Pasta P, Ulam S, Tsingou M 1955 Studies of the Nonlinear Problems; Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States): 1955.
[33]	Berman G P, Izrailev F M 2005 Chaos:An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 15 015104 Google Scholar
[34]	Wang Z, Fu W, Zhang Y, Zhao H 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 186401 Google Scholar
[35]	Fu W, Zhang Y, Zhao H 2019 Phys. Rev. E 100 052102 Google Scholar
[36]	Mas-Ballesté R, Gómez-Navarro C, Gómez-Herrero J, Zamora F 2011 Nanoscale 3 20 Google Scholar
[37]	Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D E, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666 Google Scholar
[38]	Gu X, Wei Y, Yin X, Li B, Yang R 2018 Rev. Mod. Phys. 90 041002 Google Scholar
[39]	Lippi A, Livi R 2000 J. Stat. Phys. 100 1147 Google Scholar
[40]	Yang L, Grassberger P, Hu B 2006 Phys. Rev. E 74 062101 Google Scholar
[41]	Wang L, Hu B, Li B 2012 Phys. Rev. E 86 040101 Google Scholar
[42]	Gu X K, Yang R G 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 131903 Google Scholar
[43]	Gu X K, Yang R G 2015 J. Appl. Phys. 117 025102 Google Scholar
[44]	Tobey R a I, Siemens M E, Cohen O, Murnane M M, Kapteyn H C, Nelson K A 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 286 Google Scholar
[45]	McBennett B, Beardo A, Nelson E E, Abad B, Frazer T D, Adak A, Esashi Y, Li B, Kapteyn H C, Murnane M M, Knobloch J L 2023 Nano Lett. 23 2129 Google Scholar
[46]	Kollie T G 1977 Phys. Rev. B 16 4872 Google Scholar
[47]	Beardo A, Knobloch J L, Sendra L, Bafaluy J, Frazer T D, Chao W, Hernandez-Charpak J N, Kapteyn H C, Abad B, Murnane M M, Alvarez F X, Camacho J 2021 ACS Nano 15 13019 Google Scholar
[48]	Ziman J M 2001 Electrons and Phonons: the Theory of Transport Phenomena in Solids (Oxford University Press
[49]	Karniadakis G, Beskok A, Aluru N 2006 Microflows and Nanoflows: Fundamentals and Simulation (New York: Springer Science & Business Media
[50]	Graczyk K M, Matyka M 2020 Sci. Rep. 10 21488 Google Scholar
[51]	Verdier M, Lacroix D, Termentzidis K 2018 Phys. Rev. B 98 155434 Google Scholar
[52]	Desmarchelier P, Beardo A, Alvarez F X, Tanguy A, Termentzidis K 2022 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 194 123003 Google Scholar
[53]	Lysenko V, Perichon S, Remaki B, Barbier D, Champagnon B 1999 J. Appl. Phys. 86 6841 Google Scholar
[54]	Ferrando-Villalba P, D’Ortenzi L, Dalkiranis G G, Cara E, Lopeandia A F, Abad L, Rurali R, Cartoixà X, De Leo N, Saghi Z, Jacob M, Gambacorti N, Boarino L, Rodríguez-Viejo J 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 12796 Google Scholar
[55]	Plimpton S 1995 J. Comput. Phys. 117 1 Google Scholar
[56]	Zhang Z, Ouyang Y, Guo Y, Nakayama T, Nomura M, Volz S, Chen J 2020 Phys. Rev. B 102 195302 Google Scholar
[57]	Jiang J, Lu S, Ouyang Y, Chen J 2022 Nanomaterials 12 2854 Google Scholar
[58]	Li X, Lee S 2019 Phys. Rev. B 99 085202 Google Scholar
[59]	Scuracchio P, Michel K H, Peeters F M 2019 Phys. Rev. B 99 144303 Google Scholar
[60]	Lee S, Broido D, Esfarjani K, Chen G 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 6290 Google Scholar
[61]	Cao Y, Fatemi V, Fang S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kaxiras E, Jarillo-Herrero P 2018 Nature 556 43 Google Scholar
[62]	Carr S, Massatt D, Fang S, Cazeaux P, Luskin M, Kaxiras E 2017 Phys. Rev. B 95 075420 Google Scholar
[63]	Bistritzer R, MacDonald A H 2011 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108 12233 Google Scholar
[64]	Cocemasov A I, Nika D L, Balandin A A 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 035428 Google Scholar
[65]	Li H, Ying H, Chen X, Nika D L, Cocemasov A I, Cai W, Balandin A A, Chen S 2014 Nanoscale 6 13402 Google Scholar
[66]	Han S, Nie X, Gu S, Liu W, Chen L, Ying H, Wang L, Cheng Z, Zhao L, Chen S 2021 Appl. Phys. Lett. 118 193104 Google Scholar
[67]	Di Battista G, Seifert P, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Fong K C, Principi A, Efetov D K 2022 Nano Lett. 22 6465 Google Scholar
[68]	Nie X, Zhao L, Deng S, Zhang Y, Du Z 2019 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 137 161 Google Scholar
[69]	Li C, Debnath B, Tan X, Su S, Xu K, Ge S, Neupane M R, Lake R K 2018 Carbon 138 451 Google Scholar
[70]	Wang M H, Xie Y E, Chen Y P 2017 Chin. Phys. B 26 116503 Google Scholar
[71]	Cheng Y, Fan Z, Zhang T, Nomura M, Volz S, Zhu G, Li B, Xiong S 2023 Mater. Today Phys. 35 101093 Google Scholar
[72]	Ravichandran J, Yadav A K, Cheaito R, Rossen P B, Soukiassian A, Suresha S J, Duda J C, Foley B M, Lee C-H, Zhu Y, Lichtenberger A W, Moore J E, Muller D A, Schlom D G, Hopkins P E, Majumdar A, Ramesh R, Zurbuchen M A 2014 Nat. Mater. 13 168 Google Scholar
[73]	Ni Y, Volz S 2021 J. Appl. Phys. 130 190901 Google Scholar
[74]	Shao C, Rong Q, Li N, Bao H 2018 Phys. Rev. B 98 155418 Google Scholar
[75]	Sun L, Zhai F, Cao Z, Huang X, Guo C, Wang H, Ni Y 2023 Chin. Phys. B 32 056301 Google Scholar
[76]	Wang Y, Huang H, Ruan X 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 165406 Google Scholar
[77]	Roy Chowdhury P, Reynolds C, Garrett A, Feng T, Adiga S P, Ruan X 2020 Nano Energy 69 104428 Google Scholar
[78]	Honarvar H, Hussein M I 2018 Phys. Rev. B 97 195413 Google Scholar
[79]	Kothari K, Maldovan M 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 5625 Google Scholar
[80]	Maldovan M 2013 Nature 503 209 Google Scholar
[81]	Li B, Tan K T, Christensen J 2017 Phys. Rev. B 95 144305 Google Scholar
[82]	Costescu R, Cahill D, Fabreguette F, Sechrist Z, George S 2004 Science 303 989 Google Scholar
[83]	Anufriev R, Yanagisawa R, Nomura M 2017 Nanoscale 9 15083 Google Scholar
[84]	Anufriev R, Maire J, Nomura M 2021 APL Mater. 9 070701 Google Scholar
[85]	Anufriev R, Gluchko S, Volz S, Nomura M 2018 ACS Nano 12 11928 Google Scholar
[86]	Maire J, Anufriev R, Yanagisawa R, Ramiere A, Volz S, Nomura M 2017 Sci. Adv. 3 e1700027 Google Scholar
[87]	Wang H, Cheng Y, Fan Z, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Bescond M, Nomura M, Ala-Nissila T, Volz S, Xiong S 2021 Nanoscale 13 10010 Google Scholar
[88]	Yang L, Chen J, Yang N, Li B 2015 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 91 428 Google Scholar
[89]	Zen N, Puurtinen T A, Isotalo T J, Chaudhuri S, Maasilta I J 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 3435 Google Scholar
[90]	Yang L, Yang N, Li B 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 1143 Google Scholar
[91]	Yang L, Yang N, Li B 2014 Nano Lett. 14 1734 Google Scholar
[92]	Moore A L, Saha S K, Prasher R S, Shi L 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 083112 Google Scholar
[93]	Martin P, Aksamija Z, Pop E, Ravaioli U 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 125503 Google Scholar
[94]	Maurer L N, Aksamija Z, Ramayya E B, Davoody A H, Knezevic I 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 133108 Google Scholar
[95]	Chang C W, Okawa D, Majumdar A, Zettl A 2006 Science 314 1121 Google Scholar
[96]	Hochbaum A I, Chen R, Delgado R D, Liang W, Garnett E C, Najarian M, Majumdar A, Yang P 2008 Nature 451 163 Google Scholar
[97]	Lim J, Hippalgaonkar K, Andrews S C, Majumdar A, Yang P 2012 Nano Lett. 12 2475 Google Scholar
[98]	Li D, Wu Y, Kim P, Shi L, Yang P, Majumdar A 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 2934 Google Scholar
[99]	Algra R E, Verheijen M A, Borgström M T, Feiner L F, Immink G, van Enckevort W J P, Vlieg E, Bakkers E P A M 2008 Nature 456 369 Google Scholar
[100]	Li X, Bohn P W 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 2572 Google Scholar
[101]	Canham L 2014 Handbook of Porous Silicon (Berlin: Springer International Publishing
[102]	Lee J H, Galli G A, Grossman J C 2008 Nano Lett. 8 3750 Google Scholar
[103]	Ma J, Sadhu J, Ganta D, Tian H, Sinha S 2014 AIP Adv. 4 124502 Google Scholar
[104]	Gesele G, Linsmeier J, Drach V, Fricke J, Arens-Fischer R 1997 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 30 2911 Google Scholar
[105]	Zhang G, Li B 2010 Nanoscale 2 1058 Google Scholar
[106]	Zhao Y, Liu D, Chen J, Zhu L, Belianinov A, Ovchinnikova O S, Unocic R R, Burch M J, Kim S, Hao H, Pickard D S, Li B, Thong J T L 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 15919 Google Scholar
[107]	Aiyiti A, Hu S, Wang C, Xi Q, Cheng Z, Xia M, Ma Y, Wu J, Guo J, Wang Q, Zhou J, Chen J, Xu X, Li B 2018 Nanoscale 10 2727 Google Scholar
[108]	Chen J, Zhang G, Li B 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 073117 Google Scholar
[109]	Yang N, Zhang G, Li B 2008 Nano Lett. 8 276 Google Scholar
[110]	Chang C W, Fennimore A M, Afanasiev A, Okawa D, Ikuno T, Garcia H, Li D, Majumdar A, Zettl A 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 085901 Google Scholar
[111]	Yang J, Waltermire S, Chen Y, Zinn A A, Xu T T, Li D 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 023109 Google Scholar
[112]	Khalatnikov I 1952 Zh. Eksperim. i Teor. Fiz 23 169
[113]	Swartz E T, Pohl R O 1989 Rev. Mod. Phys. 61 605 Google Scholar
[114]	Young D A, Maris H J 1989 Phys. Rev. B 40 3685 Google Scholar
[115]	Wang J S, Wang J, Zeng N 2006 Phys. Rev. B 74 033408 Google Scholar
[116]	Maiti A, Mahan G D, Pantelides S T 1997 Solid State Commun. 102 517 Google Scholar
[117]	Yang H, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Zeng X C 2018 Nanoscale 10 19092 Google Scholar
[118]	Behler J 2016 The Journal of Chemical Physics 145 170901 Google Scholar
[119]	Zubatiuk T, Isayev O 2021 Acc. Chem. Res. 54 1575 Google Scholar
[120]	Wu Y-J, Fang L, Xu Y 2019 npj Comput. Mater. 5 56 Google Scholar
[121]	Jin S, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Chen J, Nomura M, Volz S 2022 Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 182 122014 Google Scholar
[122]	Ouyang Y, Yu C, He J, Jiang P, Ren W, Chen J 2022 Phys. Rev. B 105 115202 Google Scholar
[123]	Wang Z, Xie R, Bui C T, Liu D, Ni X, Li B, Thong J T 2011 Nano Lett. 11 113 Google Scholar
[124]	Cahill D G 2004 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75 5119 Google Scholar
[125]	Cahill D G 1990 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61 802 Google Scholar
[126]	Liu D, Xie R, Yang N, Li B, Thong J T L 2014 Nano Lett. 14 806 Google Scholar
[127]	Sun F, Wang X, Yang M, Chen Z, Zhang H, Tang D 2017 Int. J. Thermophys. 39 5 Google Scholar
[128]	Giri A, Gaskins J T, Li L, Wang Y-S, Prezhdo O V, Hopkins P E 2019 Phys. Rev. B 99 165139 Google Scholar
[129]	Foley B M, Hernández S C, Duda J C, Robinson J T, Walton S G, Hopkins P E 2015 Nano Lett. 15 4876 Google Scholar
[130]	Hopkins P E, Norris P M, Tsegaye M S, Ghosh A W 2009 J. Appl. Phys. 106 023710 Google Scholar
[131]	Li X, Yang R 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86 054305 Google Scholar
[132]	Hohensee G T, Wilson R B, Cahill D G 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 6578 Google Scholar
[133]	Wilson R B, Apgar B A, Hsieh W-P, Martin L W, Cahill D G 2015 Phys. Rev. B 91 115414 Google Scholar
[134]	Zhong J, Xi Q, Wang Z, Nakayama T, Li X, Liu J, Zhou J 2021 J. Appl. Phys. 129 195102 Google Scholar
[135]	Pollack G L 1969 Rev. Mod. Phys. 41 48 Google Scholar
[136]	Li B, Wang L, Casati G 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 184301 Google Scholar
[137]	Li B, Lan J, Wang L 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 104302 Google Scholar
[138]	Ding Y F, Zhu G M, Shen X Y, Bai X, Li B W 2022 Chin. Phys. B 31 126301 Google Scholar
[139]	Liu D 2014 Ph. D Theses (Singapore: National University of Singapore
[140]	Yang N, Li N, Wang L, Li B 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 020301 Google Scholar
[141]	Yang L, Wan X, Ma D, Jiang Y, Yang N 2021 Phys. Rev. B 103 155305 Google Scholar
[142]	Ma D, Zhao Y, Zhang L 2021 J. Appl. Phys. 129 175302 Google Scholar
[143]	Fröhlich H 1968 Int. J. Quantum Chem. 2 641 Google Scholar
[144]	Nardecchia I, Torres J, Lechelon M, Giliberti V, Ortolani M, Nouvel P, Gori M, Meriguet Y, Donato I, Preto J, Varani L, Sturgis J, Pettini M 2018 Phys. Rev. X 8 031061 Google Scholar
[145]	Zhang Z, Agarwal G S, Scully M O 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 158101 Google Scholar
[146]	Aspelmeyer M, Kippenberg T J, Marquardt F 2014 Rev. Mod. Phys. 86 1391 Google Scholar
[147]	Zheng X, Li B 2021 Physical Review A 104 043512 Google Scholar
[148]	Zheng X, Li B 2022 arXiv preprint arXiv: 2201.00251
[149]	Pettit R, Ge W, Kumar P, Luntz-Martin D, Schultz J, Neukirch L, Bhattacharya M, Vamivakas A 2019 Nat. Photonics 13 1 Google Scholar
[150]	Rego L G C, Kirczenow G 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 232 Google Scholar
[151]	Rego L G C, Kirczenow G 1999 Phys. Rev. B 59 13080 Google Scholar
[152]	Schwab K, Henriksen E A, Worlock J M, Roukes M L 2000 Nature 404 974 Google Scholar
[153]	Santamore D H, Cross M C 2001 Phys. Rev. B 63 184306 Google Scholar
[154]	Chen K Q, Li W X, Duan W, Shuai Z, Gu B L 2005 Phys. Rev. B 72 045422 Google Scholar
[155]	Peng X F, Chen K Q, Wan Q, Zou B, Duan W 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 195317 Google Scholar
[156]	Peng X F, Wang X J, Gong Z Q, Chen K Q 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 233105 Google Scholar
[157]	Huang L, Chen S Z, Zeng Y J, Wu D, Li B L, Feng Y X, Fan Z Q, Tang L M, Chen K Q 2020 Adv. Electron. Mater. 6 2000689 Google Scholar
[158]	王子, 张丹妹, 任捷 2019 物理学报 68 220302 Google Scholar Wang Z, Zhang D M, Ren J 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 220302 Google Scholar
[159]	Uchida K, Takahashi S, Harii K, Ieda J, Koshibae W, Ando K, Maekawa S, Saitoh E 2008 Nature 455 778 Google Scholar
[160]	Jaworski C, Yang J, Mack S, Awschalom D, Heremans J, Myers R 2010 Nat. Mater. 9 898 Google Scholar
[161]	Ren J 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 220406 Google Scholar
[162]	Flipse J, Dejene F K, Wagenaar D, Bauer G E W, Youssef J B, van Wees B J 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 027601 Google Scholar
[163]	Zhang L, Wang J S, Li B 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 100301 Google Scholar
[164]	Pan H, Tang L M, Chen K Q 2022 Phys. Rev. B 105 064401 Google Scholar
[165]	邢玉恒, 徐锡方, 张力发 2017 物理学报 22 226601 Google Scholar Xing Y H, Xu X F, Zhang L F 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 22 226601 Google Scholar
[166]	Hentrich R, Roslova M, Isaeva A, Doert T, Brenig W, Büchner B, Hess C 2019 Phys. Rev. B 99 085136 Google Scholar
[167]	Yang Y F, Zhang G M, Zhang F C 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 186602 Google Scholar
[168]	Akazawa M, Shimozawa M, Kittaka S, Sakakibara T, Okuma R, Hiroi Z, Lee H Y, Kawashima N, Han J H, Yamashita M 2020 Phys. Rev. X 10 041059 Google Scholar
[169]	Zhang L, Ren J, Wang J S, Li B 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 225901 Google Scholar
[170]	Saito T, Misaki K, Ishizuka H, Nagaosa N 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 255901 Google Scholar
[171]	Zhang L, Niu Q 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 085503 Google Scholar
[172]	Zhang L, Niu Q 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 115502 Google Scholar
[173]	Zhu H, Yi J, Li M Y, Xiao J, Zhang L, Yang C W, Kaindl R A, Li L J, Wang Y, Zhang X 2018 Science 359 579 Google Scholar
[174]	Chen H, Wu W, Yang S A, Li X, Zhang L 2019 Phys. Rev. B 100 094303 Google Scholar
[175]	Gao M, Zhang W, Zhang L 2018 Nano Lett. 18 4424 Google Scholar
[176]	Chen X, Lu X, Dubey S, Yao Q, Liu S, Wang X, Xiong Q, Zhang L, Srivastava A 2019 Nat. Phys. 15 221 Google Scholar
[177]	Chen H, Wu W, Zhu J, Yang Z, Gong W, Gao W, Yang S A, Zhang L 2022 Nano Lett. 22 1688 Google Scholar
[178]	Kim K, Vetter E, Yan L, Yang C, Wang Z, Sun R, Yang Y, Comstock A H, Li X, Zhou J 2023 Nat. Mater. 22 322 Google Scholar
[179]	Narayan O, Ramaswamy S 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 200601 Google Scholar
[180]	Pereverzev A 2003 Phys. Rev. E 68 056124 Google Scholar
[181]	Vallabhaneni A K, Singh D, Bao H, Murthy J, Ruan X 2016 Phys. Rev. B 93 125432 Google Scholar
[182]	Cepellotti A, Fugallo G, Paulatto L, Lazzeri M, Mauri F, Marzari N 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 6400 Google Scholar
[183]	Huberman S, Duncan R A, Chen K, Song B, Chiloyan V, Ding Z, Maznev A A, Chen G, Nelson K A 2019 Science 364 375 Google Scholar
[184]	Shang M Y, Mao W H, Yang N, Li B, Lü J T 2022 Phys. Rev. B 105 165423 Google Scholar
[185]	Yu C, Shan S, Lu S, Zhang Z, Chen J 2023 Phys. Rev. B 107 165424 Google Scholar

[1]	申开波, 刘英光, 李鑫, 李亨宣. 石墨烯纳米网中的声子干涉效应. 物理学报, 2023, 72(12): 123102. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20230361
[2]	余泽浩, 张力发, 吴靖, 赵云山. 二维层状热电材料研究进展. 物理学报, 2023, 72(5): 057301. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20222095
[3]	谢忠祥, 喻霞, 贾聘真, 陈学坤, 邓元祥, 张勇, 周五星. 并苯分子结的热电性质. 物理学报, 2023, 72(12): 124401. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20230354
[4]	汪耀庭, 罗岚月, 李和平, 姜东君, 周明胜. 外加电场作用下的壁面约束衰亡等离子体中带电粒子非平衡输运特性. 物理学报, 2022, 71(23): 232801. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20221431
[5]	吴成伟, 谢国锋, 周五星. 全固态锂离子电池内部热输运研究前沿. 物理学报, 2022, 71(2): 026501. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20211887
[6]	韩小英, 李凌霄, 戴振生, 郑无敌, 古培俊, 吴泽清. 一个快速模拟热稠密非平衡等离子体的碰撞辐射模型. 物理学报, 2021, 70(11): 115202. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20201946
[7]	王子, 任捷. 周期驱动系统的非平衡热输运与热力学几何. 物理学报, 2021, 70(23): 230503. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20211723
[8]	赵文静, 丁梦光, 杨晓丽, 胡海云. 栅氧化层经时击穿的非平衡统计理论分析方法. 物理学报, 2020, 69(10): 100502. doi: 10.7498/aps.69.20200108
[9]	王子, 张丹妹, 任捷. 声子系统中弹性波与热输运的拓扑与非互易现象. 物理学报, 2019, 68(22): 220302. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20191463
[10]	陈晓彬, 段文晖. 低维纳米材料量子热输运与自旋热电性质 ——非平衡格林函数方法的应用. 物理学报, 2015, 64(18): 186302. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.186302
[11]	张超, 方粮, 隋兵才, 徐强, 王慧. 基于微芯片的透射电子显微镜的低温纳米精度电子束刻蚀与原位电学输运性质测量. 物理学报, 2014, 63(24): 248105. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.248105
[12]	姚银萍, 万仁刚, 薛玉郎, 张世伟, 张同意. 基于统计光学的正负热光非定域成像. 物理学报, 2013, 62(15): 154201. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.154201
[13]	朱丽丹, 孙方远, 祝捷, 唐大伟. 飞秒激光抽运探测热反射法对金属纳米薄膜超快非平衡传热的研究. 物理学报, 2012, 61(13): 134402. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.134402
[14]	鲍志刚, 陈元平, 欧阳滔, 杨凯科, 钟建新. L型石墨纳米结的热输运. 物理学报, 2011, 60(2): 028103. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.028103
[15]	邢修三. 非平衡统计信息理论. 物理学报, 2004, 53(9): 2852-2863. doi: 10.7498/aps.53.2852
[16]	闫桂沈, 李贺军, 郝志彪. 热解碳化学气相沉积中的多重定态和非平衡相变的研究. 物理学报, 2002, 51(2): 326-331. doi: 10.7498/aps.51.326
[17]	李玉璋, 徐仲英, 葛惟锟, 许继宗, 郑宝贞, 庄蔚华. 多量子阱结构中热载流子弛豫过程中的非平衡声子效应. 物理学报, 1989, 38(9): 1540-1544. doi: 10.7498/aps.38.1540
[18]	周光召, 苏肇冰. 时间反演对称和非平衡统计定常态(Ⅱ). 物理学报, 1981, 30(3): 401-409. doi: 10.7498/aps.30.401
[19]	周光召, 苏肇冰. 时间反演对称和非平衡统计定常态(Ⅰ). 物理学报, 1981, 30(2): 164-171. doi: 10.7498/aps.30.164
[20]	周光召, 郝柏林, 于渌. 非平衡统计场论与临界动力学(Ⅱ)——拉氏场论表述. 物理学报, 1980, 29(8): 969-977. doi: 10.7498/aps.29.969

计量

文章访问数: 4974
PDF下载量: 444
被引次数: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

搜索

留言板

低维微纳尺度体系声子热传导和热调控: 来自芯片散热的非平衡统计物理问题