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对多原子化学反应进行精确的理论模拟研究, 是当前量子动力学领域的重要挑战之一. 本文运用七维的量子含时波包方法, 对反应物振动基态和C—H伸缩振动第一激发态的F+CHD3反应进行动力学研究. 分析了不同振动态条件下的反应概率, 发现当碰撞能低于0.06 eV时反应概率曲线均表现出许多剧烈的振荡峰, 支持实验上所推测的动力学共振现象. 当碰撞能介于0.06—0.3 eV之间时, 振动激发态反应中HF产物通道的反应概率低于振动基态反应, 与实验观测结果一致. 模拟发现: 相比于振动基态的情况, 低能碰撞时C—H伸缩振动激发态反应的非含时波函数在过渡态区域更倾向于靠近D原子一侧, 并将这一现象归结为振动激发态势能面在大碰撞角区域更显著的能量优势, 解释了伸缩振动激发对HF产物通道的抑制作用. 本研究为实验结果的解释提供了重要的理论支持, 有助于更深入地理解多原子反应中振动模式激发对动力学过程的影响.In recent decades, significant progress has been made in the precise theoretical investigation of gas-phase chemical reactions. Presently, a major challenge in the field of quantum dynamics is to develop the precise methodologies for studying chemical reactions involving more than four atoms. As a typical multi-atomic reaction system, the F+CH4 reaction and its isotopic substitution reactions have attracted widespread attention from both experimental and theoretical perspectives in recent years. Experimental studies on the reaction of F+CHD3 have revealed that the stretching vibration excitation of the C—H bond inhibits the bond dissociation, favoring the formation of DF+CHD2 product channels. In this study, we use a seven-dimensional quantum time-dependent wave packet method to investigate the dynamics of the F+CHD3 reaction in both the reactant vibrational ground state and the first stretching excited state of the C—H bond. In this work, the reaction probabilities under different vibrational conditions are analyzed, showing that when the collision energy is below 0.06 eV, the reaction probability curves exhibit numerous fast-oscillating peaks, supporting the experimentally suggested phenomena of dynamic resonance. In a collision energy range from 0.06 eV to 0.3 eV, the reaction probability for the HF product channel in the vibrational excited state is lower than that in the ground state, which is consistent with experimental observation. Through the analysis of the time-independent wave functions of product channels under low-energy collision conditions, it is found that for reactions involving vibrational ground states, the HF products in the product asymptotic region and the reaction transition state region are in the v' = 2 excited state and v' = 3 excited state of stretching vibration, respectively, which are consistent with previous experimental observations and six-dimensional quantum wave packet simulations. For reactions involving the first excited state of C—H stretching vibration, the HF products in the product asymptotic region and the reaction transition state region are both in the v' = 3 excited state of stretching vibration, which are consistent with the results obtained based on energy analysis. Simulation results indicate that in the case of low-energy collisions, the time-independent wave function for the C—H stretching vibrational excited state tends to be closer to the D atom side in the transition state region. This phenomenon is attributed to the more significant energy advantage of the vibrational excited state potential energy surface in the large collision angle region, explaining the inhibitory effect of stretching vibration excitation on the HF product channel. This study offers important theoretical support for explaining experimental results and contributes to a more in-depth understanding of the influence of vibrational mode excitations on the dynamical processes in poly-atomic reactions.
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图 1 用于研究X+YCZ3反应的8维Jacobi坐标系统
Fig. 1. 8D Jacobi coordinate system for X+YCZ3 reactions.
图 2 总角动量Jtotal = 0时, F + CHD3 (vC—H str = 0, 1) → HF + CD3反应的总反应概率
Fig. 2. Total reaction probabilities of the F + CHD3 (vC–H str = 0, 1) → HF + CD3 reaction with total angular momentum Jtotal = 0.
图 3 产物通道的非含时波函数 (a)振动基态, 碰撞能Ec = 0.018 eV; (b) C—H键伸缩振动第一激发态, 碰撞能Ec = 0.025 eV; 图中竖直方向和水平方向分别对应散射坐标和HF产物坐标
Fig. 3. Time-independent wave function in product channel: (a) Ground vibrational state with collision energy Ec = 0.018 eV; (b) the first C—H stretching vibrational excited state with collision energy Ec = 0.025 eV. The vertical and horizontal directions correspond to the scattering coordinate and the HF product coordinate, respectively.
图 4 碰撞能Ec = 0.06 eV时, 反应物区的非含时波函数随反应坐标R和入射F原子倾斜角θ的变化 (a)振动基态; (b) C—H键伸缩振动第一激发态
Fig. 4. Time-independent wave functions in the reactant region as a function of reaction coordinate R and the inclination angle θ of incoming F atom at a collision energy of Ec = 0.06 eV: (a) Ground vibrational state; (b) the first C—H stretching vibrational state.
图 5 碰撞能Ec = 0.2 eV时, 反应物区的非含时波函数随反应坐标R和入射F原子倾斜角θ的变化 (a)振动基态; (b) C—H键伸缩振动第一激发态
Fig. 5. Time-independent wave functions in the reactant region as a function of reaction coordinate R and the inclination angle θ of incoming F atom at a collision energy of Ec = 0.2 eV: (a) Ground vibrational state; (b) the first C—H stretching vibrational state.
图 6 振动态平均的反应有效势能随反应坐标R和入射F原子倾斜角θ的变化 (a) 振动基态; (b) C—H键伸缩振动第一激发态
Fig. 6. Averaged effective potential energy over vibrational states as a function of the reaction coordinate R and the inclination angle θ of incoming F atom: (a) Ground vibrational state; (b) the first C—H stretching vibrational excited state.
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[1] Zhang D H, Collins M A, Lee S Y 2000 Science 290 961
Google Scholar
[2] Yang M, Zhang D H, Collins M A, Lee S Y 2001 J. Chem. Phys. 114 4759
Google Scholar
[3] Zhang D H 2006 J. Chem. Phys. 125 133102
Google Scholar
[4] Xiao C, Xu X, Liu S, Wang T, Dong W, Yang T, Sun Z, Dai D X, Xu X, Zhang D H, Yang X M 2011 Science 333 440
Google Scholar
[5] Roberto-Neto O, Machado F B C, Ornellas F R 2005 Chem. Phys. 315 27
Google Scholar
[6] Zhou J, Lin J J, Liu K P 2010 Mol. Phys. 108 957
Google Scholar
[7] Czakó G, Bowman J M 2011 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13 8306
Google Scholar
[8] Yang J Y, Zhang D, Chen Z, Blauert F, Jiang B, Dai D X, Wu G R, Zhang D H, Yang X M 2015 J. Chem. Phys. 143 044316
Google Scholar
[9] Palma J, Manthe U 2017 J. Chem. Phys. 146 214117
Google Scholar
[10] Ellerbrock R, Manthe U, Palma J 2019 J. Phys. Chem. A 123 7237
Google Scholar
[11] Marjollet A, Inhester L, Welsch R 2022 J. Chem. Phys. 156 044101
Google Scholar
[12] Shiu W C, Lin J J, Liu K P, Wu M, Parker D H 2003 J. Chem. Phys. 120 117
Google Scholar
[13] Shiu W C, Lin J J, Liu K P 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 103201
Google Scholar
[14] Zhou J G, Lin J J, Liu K P 2003 J. Chem. Phys. 119 8289
Google Scholar
[15] Zhou J G, Lin J J, Liu K P 2004 J. Chem. Phys. 121 813
Google Scholar
[16] Troya D, Millán J, Baños I, González M 2004 J. Chem. Phys. 120 5181
Google Scholar
[17] Espinosa-García J, Bravo J L, Rangel C 2007 J. Phys. Chem. A 111 2761
Google Scholar
[18] Czakó G, Shepler B C, Braams B J, Bowman J M 2009 J. Chem. Phys. 130 084301
Google Scholar
[19] Nyman G, Espinosa-Garcia J 2007 J. Phys. Chem. A 111 11943
Google Scholar
[20] Wang D, Czakó G 2013 J. Phys. Chem. A 117 7124
Google Scholar
[21] Westermann T, Eisfeld W, Manthe U 2013 J. Chem. Phys. 139 014309
Google Scholar
[22] von Horsten H F, Clary D C 2011 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13 4340
Google Scholar
[23] Qi J, Song H W, Yang M H, Palma J, Manthe U, Guo H 2016 J. Chem. Phys. 144 171101
Google Scholar
[24] Zhao B, Manthe U 2020 J. Chem. Phys. 152 231102
Google Scholar
[25] Chen J, Xu X, Liu S, Zhang D H 2018 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 20 9090
Google Scholar
[26] Liu S, Chen J, Zhang X R, Zhang D H 2023 Chem. Sci. 14 7973
Google Scholar
[27] Zhang W, Kawamata H, Liu K 2009 Science 325 303
Google Scholar
[28] Czakó G, Shuai Q, Liu K P, Bowman J M 2010 J. Chem. Phys. 133 131101
Google Scholar
[29] Zhang W, Zhou Y, Wu G, Lu Y, Pan H, Fu B, Shuai Q, Liu L, Liu S, Zhang L, Jiang B, Dai D, Lee S Y, Xie Z, Braams B J, Bowman J M, Collins M A, Zhang D H, Yang X 2010 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 107 12782
Google Scholar
[30] Zhou Y, Fu B N, Wang C R, Collins M A, Zhang D H 2011 J. Chem. Phys. 134 064323
Google Scholar
[31] Xu X, Chen J, Zhang D H 2014 Chin. J. Chem. Phys. 27 373
Google Scholar
[32] Zhou Y, Zhang D H 2014 J. Chem. Phys. 141 194307
Google Scholar
[33] Li J, Chen J, Zhao Z, Xie D, Zhang D H, Guo H 2015 J. Chem. Phys. 142 204302
Google Scholar
[34] Yang M, Lee S Y, Zhang D H 2007 J. Chem. Phys. 126 064303
Google Scholar
[35] Czakó G, Bowman J M 2009 J. Chem. Phys. 131 244302
Google Scholar
[36] Czakó G, Bowman J M 2009 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 17534
Google Scholar
[37] Zhang D H, Light J C 1996 J. Chem. Phys. 104 4544
Google Scholar
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