微量稀土La对Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe合金组织与性能的影响

戚忠乙; 王博; 江鸿翔; 张丽丽; 何杰

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20231939

摘要

在Al(铝)-Si(硅)合金中同时添加Sr(锶)和B(硼)存在“中毒”现象, 无法同时细化α-Al晶粒和变质共晶Si. 本文研究了在同时添加α-Al晶粒细化剂B和共晶Si变质剂Sr的条件下, 微量稀土La(镧)对Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe合金组织、热导率和力学性能的影响, 分析了稀土La的影响规律及其作用机理. 结果表明微量稀土La的添加, 一方面可以中和Sr与B的毒化效应, 提升共晶Si的变质效果; 另一方面可以促使α-Al异质形核基底LaB₆的形成, 并作为表面活性剂降低α-Al的形核过冷度, 从而细化α-Al晶粒. 共晶Si的变质以及α-Al晶粒的细化有助于同时提升Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe合金的热导率及力学性能. 此外, 当稀土La的添加量在0.02%—0.06%之间时, 合金的导热性能明显提升; 随着La添加量的进一步增大, 合金热导率下降.

关键词:

Abstract

Al-Si alloys have been widely used in electronic information, communication, and other fields because of their high specific strength, excellent castability and good thermal conductivity. In recent years, with the rapid development of 5G communication technology, electronic communication equipment is gradually developing towards high integration and lightweight. The power of related equipment is higher and higher, which puts forward higher requirements for thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of materials.Si can improve the fluidity and strength of the Al-Si alloy, but a large amount of Si will aggravate the lattice distortion and increases amount of eutectic Si. This will reduce the plasticity of the alloy, increase the electron scattering and reduce the thermal conductivity. In order to improve the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of Al-Si alloys, chemical inoculation is generally used. Sr is usually used as modifier and Al-B serves as grain refiner. However, the simultaneous addition of Sr and B into Al-Si alloy results in “poisoning” phenomenon, it becomes impossible to refine α-Al grains and modify eutectic Si simultaneously.In recent years, rare earth La has attracted more and more attention in improving the properties of aluminum alloys. However, previous studies mainly focused on the effects of La addition, consequently, the research on the effects of combined addition of La, Sr, B on the microstructure and properties of Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe alloy is lacking. In this work, solidification experiments are performed to investigate the effects of combined addition of La, Sr, B on the microstructure and properties of Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe alloy. The results show that the addition of trace rare earth La can effectively eliminate the poisoning effect of Sr and B, and enhance the modification effect of eutectic Si. Besides, the addition of La can promote the formation of α-Al heterogeneous nucleation substrate LaB₆ and La can be used as a surfactant to reduce the undercooling of α-Al nucleation, thus it refines α-Al grains. The thermal conductivity of the alloy is significantly improved when the addition of La ranges from 0.02% to 0.06%; with the further increase of La addition, LaAlSi intermetallic compounds are formed in the alloy, leading the thermal conductivity of the alloy to decrease.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
东北大学材料科学与工程学院, 沈阳　110819

2.
中国科学院金属研究所, 师昌绪先进材料创新中心, 沈阳　110016

通信作者: 江鸿翔, hxjiang@imr.ac.cn ; 何杰, jiehe@imr.ac.cn

基金项目: 广西科技重大专项(批准号: AA23023032)、国家自然科学基金(批准号: 52174380, 51974288)、中国载人航天工程空间应用系统项目(批准号: KJZ-YY-NCL06)和福建省科技计划(批准号: 2021T3030, 2020T3037)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China

2.
Shi-changxu Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

Corresponding author: Jiang Hong-Xiang, hxjiang@imr.ac.cn ; He Jie, jiehe@imr.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi Province, China (Grant No.AA23023032), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52174380, 51974288), the Space Utilization System of China Manned Space Engineering (Grant No. KJZ-YY-NCL06), and the Science and Technology Project of Fujian Province, China (Grant Nos. 2021T3030, 2020T3037).

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

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施引文献

图 1 不同Sr, B, La添加量的Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe合金中共晶硅的SEM图像　(a) 0; (b) 0.024% B; (c) 0.02% Sr; (d) 0.02% Sr和0.024% B; (e) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B和0.02% La; (f) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B和0.1% La

Fig. 1. SEM images of eutectic Si in the Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe alloys with different Sr, B and La addition: (a) 0; (b) 0.024% B; (c) 0.02% Sr; (d) 0.02% Sr and 0.024% B; (e) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B and 0.02% La; (f) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B and 0.1% La.

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图 2 Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe-0.024%B-0.02%Sr合金的SEI和EDS元素分布　(a) SEI; (b) Al; (c) Si; (d) Sr; (e) Fe

Fig. 2. SEI and EDS element distribution of Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe-0.024%B-0.02%Sr alloy: (a) SEI; (b) Al; (c) Si; (d) Sr; (e) Fe.

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图 4 Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe-0.024%B-0.02%Sr-0.1%La合金的SEI和EDS元素分布　(a) SEI; (b) Al; (c) Si; (d) Sr; (e) Fe; (f) La

Fig. 4. SEI and EDS element distribution of Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe-0.024%B-0.02%Sr-0.1%La alloy: (a) SEI; (b) Al; (c) Si; (d) Sr; (e) Fe; (f) La.

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图 3 Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe-0.024%B-0.02%Sr-0.02%La合金的SEI和EDS元素分布　(a) SEI; (b) Al; (c) Si; (d) Sr; (e) Fe; (f) La

Fig. 3. SEI and EDS element distribution of Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe-0.024%B-0.02%Sr-0.02%La alloy: (a) SEI; (b) Al; (c) Si; (d) Sr; (e) Fe; (f) La.

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图 5 添加0.1%La的Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe合金的反向散射电子图像(BEI)及EPMA元素面分布　(a) BEI; (b) Al; (c) Si; (d) Sr; (e) Fe; (f) La

Fig. 5. Backscattered electron image (BEI) and EPMA mappings of the Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe alloy with 0.1%La addition: (a) BEI; (b) Al; (c) Si; (d) Sr; (e) Fe; (f) La.

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图 6 不同Sr, B, La添加量的Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe合金的OM图像　(a) 0; (b) 0.02% Sr; (c) 0.024% B; (d) 0.02% Sr和0.024% B; (e) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B和0.02% La; (f) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B和0.04% La; (g) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B和0.06% La; (h) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B和0.08% La; (i) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B和0.10% La

Fig. 6. OM images of Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe alloys with different Sr, B, La addition: (a) 0; (b) 0.02% Sr; (c) 0.024% B; (d) 0.02% Sr and 0.024% B; (e) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B and 0.02% La; (f) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B and 0.04% La; (g) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B and 0.06% La; (h) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B and 0.08% La; (i) 0.02% Sr, 0.024% B and 0.10% La.

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图 7 Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe合金平均晶粒尺寸随La添加量的变化

Fig. 7. Average grain size of Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe alloys with different addition of La.

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图 8 不同La添加量的Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe合金的DTA冷却曲线

Fig. 8. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) cooling curves for the Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe alloys with different addition of La.

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图 9 不同La添加量的Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe合金的热导率

Fig. 9. Thermal conductivities of Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe alloys with different addition of La.

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图 10 不同La添加量的Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe合金的室温拉伸性能

Fig. 10. Tensile properties of Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe alloys with different addition of La at room temperature.

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图 11 Al, SrB₆和LaB₆相的晶体结构示意图

Fig. 11. Schematic diagram of crystal structure of Al, SrB₆ and LaB₆ phases.

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图 12 添加不同含量La时α-Al相在高角度区间的XRD图谱

Fig. 12. XRD spectra of α-Al phase in an elevation-angle zone with different addition of La.

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图 13 添加La前后Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe-0.02Sr-0.024B合金的拉伸断口形貌　(a) 未添加La; (b) 添加0.02% La

Fig. 13. Tensile fracture morphology of Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe alloys before and after addition of La: (a) Without La; (b) add 0.02% La.

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表 1 实验合金的化学成分(%)

Table 1. Chemical compositions of alloys (%).

Alloy	B	Sr	La	Si	Fe	Al
Untreated	0	0	0	7	0.6	余量
0.024%B	0.024	0	0	7	0.6	余量
0.02%Sr	0	0.02	0	7	0.6	余量
0.02%Sr+0.024%B	0.024	0.02	0	7	0.6	余量
0.02%La	0.024	0.02	0.02	7	0.6	余量
0.04%La	0.024	0.02	0.04	7	0.6	余量
0.06%La	0.024	0.02	0.06	7	0.6	余量
0.08%La	0.024	0.02	0.08	7	0.6	余量
0.10%La	0.024	0.02	0.10	7	0.6	余量

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表 2 Al-7%Si-0.6%Fe合金中α-Al、共晶Si的形核温度T_N和过冷度ΔT

Table 2. Change of the nucleation temperature and the nucleation undercooling for the α-Al and the eutectic Si with different La addition.

Alloy	T_N(α-Al)/K	ΔT(α-Al)/K	T_N(Si)/K	ΔT(Si)/K
Untreated	883.1	6	846.0	1.1
0.00%La	883.1	3	844.0	3.1
0.04%La	884.2	1.9	843.8	3.3
0.10%La	885.2	0.9	843.8	3.3

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表 3 不同组元间的混合焓变^[28]

Table 3. Enthalpy of mixing between various elements^[28].

Element	B-Sr	B-La	B-Ti	B-V	B-Cr
Enthalpy/ (kJ·mol^–1)	–18	–47	–58	–42	–31

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表 4 Al与SrB₆, Al与LaB₆之间可能的密排和近似密排方向及其错配度

Table 4. Interatomic spacing misfit along possible matching directions between LaB₆ and Al matrix, SrB₆ and Al matrix.

[100]_Al/ [100]_SrB6	[100]_Al/ [110]_SrB6	[100]_Al/ [111]_SrB6	[110]_Al/ [100]_SrB6	[110]_Al/ [110]_SrB6	[110]_Al/ [111]_SrB6	[112]_Al/ [100]_SrB6	[112]_Al/ [110]_SrB6	[112]_Al/ [111]_SrB6
3.68%	46.63%	79.57%	26.69%	3.68%	26.98%	15.35%	19.72%	46.62%
[100]_Al/ [100]_LaB6	[100]_Al/ [110]_LaB6	[100]_Al/ [111]_LaB6	[110]_Al/ [100]_LaB6	[110]_Al/ [110]_LaB6	[110]_Al/ [111]_LaB6	[112]_Al/ [100]_LaB6	[112]_Al/ [110]_LaB6	[100]_Al/ [111]_LaB6
2.67%	45.20%	77.82%	27.40%	2.67%	25.74%	16.17%	18.55%	45.19%

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表 5 SrB₆与Al, LaB₆与Al之间可能的密排和近似密排面对及其错配度

Table 5. Interplanar spacing mismatch between close or nearly close packed planes in LaB₆ and Al matrix, SrB₆ and Al matrix.

(200)_Al/ (100)_SrB6	(200)_Al/ (110)_SrB6	(200)_Al/ (111)_SrB6	(220)_Al/ (100)_SrB6	(220)_Al/ (110)_SrB6	(220)_Al/ (111)_SrB6	(111)_Al/ (100)_SrB6	(111)_Al/ (110)_SrB6	(111)_Al/ (111)_SrB6
3.68%	26.70%	40.23%	46.63%	3.67%	15.47%	79.40%	26.84%	3.42%
(200)_Al/ (100)_LaB6	(200)_Al/ (110)_LaB6	(200)_Al/ (111)_LaB6	(220)_Al/ (100)_LaB6	(220)_Al/ (110)_LaB6	(220)_Al/ (111)_LaB6	(111)_Al/ (100)_LaB6	(111)_Al/ (110)_LaB6	(111)_Al/ (111)_LaB6
2.67%	27.41%	40.73%	45.20%	2.65%	16.17%	77.65%	26.60%	2.56%

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[4]	Chen Z N, Kang H J, Fan G H, Li J H, Jie J C 2016 Acta Mater. 120 168 Google Scholar
[5]	宋岩, 江鸿翔, 赵九洲, 何杰, 张丽丽, 李世欣 2021 物理学报 70 086402 Google Scholar Song Y, Jiang H X, Zhao J Z, He J, Zhang L L, Li S X 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 086402 Google Scholar
[6]	Bolzoni L, Xia M X, Babu N H 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 39554 Google Scholar
[7]	Ferrarini C F, Bolfarini C, Kiminami C S, Botta W J 2004 Mater. Sci. Eng. A 375 577 Google Scholar
[8]	Dang B, Zhang X, Chen Y Z, Chen C X, Wang H T, Liu F 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 30874 Google Scholar
[9]	Wang J Y, Wang B J, Huang L F 2017 Mater. Sci. Technol. 33 1235 Google Scholar
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[11]	Banerjee K, Chatterjee U K 2000 Mater. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 16 517 Google Scholar
[12]	Timelli G, Caliari D, Rakhmonov J 2016 J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 32 515 Google Scholar
[13]	Birol Y 2012 Mater. Sci. Technol. 28 363 Google Scholar
[14]	Barrirero J, Engstler M, Ghafoor N 2014 J. Alloys Compd. 611 410 Google Scholar
[15]	Chen J K, Hung H Y, Wang C F, Tang N K 2017 Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 105 189 Google Scholar
[16]	Li J H, Wang X D, Ludwig T H, Tsunekawa Y, Arnberg L, Jiang J Z 2015 Acta Mater. 84 153 Google Scholar
[17]	Jiang H X, Li S X, Zheng Q J, Zhang L L, He J, Song Y, Deng C K, Zhao J Z 2020 Mater. Des. 195 108991 Google Scholar
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[19]	Jiang H X, Zheng Q J, Song Y, Li Y Q, Li S X, He J, Zhang L L, Zhao J Z 2022 Mater Charact. 185 111750 Google Scholar
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