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基于磁化等效和非线性磁致伸缩本构关系，建立了L-T模式下的自偏置磁电换能器的多物理场耦合仿真模型，研究了弯曲、伸缩谐振模式下的磁电耦合性能。在所建模型基础上，制备了相应的实验样品进行测试。实测结果与仿真数据相吻合，从而验证了模型的准确性和有效性。实测结果表明，Metglas/Galfenol/PZT-5A结构在伸缩谐振模式下能展现出更显著的自偏置磁电效应，其磁电系数为10.7 V·cm-1·Oe-1 @ 99.4 kHz，磁电功率系数为5.01 μW·Oe-2 @ 97.9 kHz。无需阻抗匹配，其有载磁电功率系数最高可达4.62 μW·Oe-2 @ 99.3 kHz。施加外部偏置磁场至25 Oe，磁电系数可提升至47.06 V·cm-1·Oe-1 @ 99.4 kHz，磁电功率系数提升至82.13 μW·Oe-2 @ 99 kHz。进一步的仿真研究表明，高磁导率层厚度的增加能显著提升自偏置磁电换能器的性能：当Metglas层厚度增加至90 μm时，磁电系数和功率系数分别提升至原先的2.47倍和6.96倍。自偏置磁电换能器具备减少对外部偏置磁场依赖的能力，为磁电复合材料在低频无线功率传输系统中的应用与发展提供了新途径。Compared with single-phase multiferroic materials, magnetoelectric (ME) composites composed of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials have greater ME coupling, and have received widespread attention in various application fields. The employment of ME devices in wireless power transfer (WPT) applications is enticing, owing to their compactness and ability to operate at lower frequencies compared to conventional coils. However, conventional ME composites rely on permanent magnets or electromagnets to provide biased magnetic fields, resulting in problems such as loud noise, large size, and high cost, which significantly hinder the advancement of miniaturized, high-performance ME devices. To solve this problem, a self-biased ME laminated structure based on the magnetization grading effect is proposed in this work. Drawing upon the equivalent magnetization and nonlinear magnetostrictive constitutive rela-tionship, a finite element simulation model for a self-biased ME transducer operating in L-T mode has been constructed. The ME coupling performance without DC bias in both bending and stretching vibration modes is studied. Based on the model, the cor-responding experimental samples are prepared for measurement. The measured results agree with the simulation data, validating the accuracy and effectiveness of the model. The measured results show that the Metglas/Galfenol/PZT-5A structure can exhibit more significant self-biased ME effect under the stretching resonance mode than un-der bending resonance mode. Its ME coefficient attains a notable value of 10.7 V·cm-1·Oe-1 @ 99.4 kHz, while ME power coefficient reaches 5.01 μW·Oe-2 @ 97.9 kHz. Its on-load ME power coefficient can reach up to 4.62 μW·Oe-2 @ 99.3 kHz without impedance matching. When an external bias magnetic field of 25 Oe is applied, these performance indexes increase significantly to 47.06 V·cm-1·Oe-1 @ 99.4 kHz and 82.13 μW·Oe-2 @ 99.0 kHz, respectively. The simulation results further show that the performance of the self-biased ME transducer can be significantly improved by in-creasing the thickness of the high permeability layer. For instance, by increasing the Metglas layer thickness from 30 μm to 90 μm, both the ME coefficient and ME power coefficient experience notable growths, surging to 2.47 times and 6.96 times their original values, respectively. Self-biased ME transducers effectively minimize reliance on external biased magnetic fields, thereby providing a good approach for the applica-tion and advancement of ME composites in low-frequency WPT systems.
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Keywords:
- Magnetoelectric(ME)transducer /
- self-biased ME effect /
- high permeability layer /
- ME power coefficient
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