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热光伏器件是一种利用光伏效应将热源的热辐射转化为电能的器件。高效热光伏器件在电网规模的热能存储、全光谱太阳能转换、分布式联合发电、废热回收等方面有着广阔的应用前景。然而，大多数热辐射处于低能量波长范围，无法有效激发光伏电池半导体的电子跃迁从而产生电能。因此，对热辐射光谱发射的选择性调控是实现高效热光伏器件的关键。近年来，伴随着纳米光子学、材料科学与人工智能赋能科学的发展，热光伏器件中的光谱调控也取得了极大进展。本文首先回顾了热光伏器件的发展历史，继而围绕热光伏器件中热端和冷端的光谱调控，详细讨论了超结构选择性发射器、本征选择性发射器、光滤波器以及背表面反射器的热辐射光谱调控物理机制与调控手段，并梳理和总结了近场热光伏的相关研究。最后对热光伏器件的未来发展进行了展望。Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) device converts thermal radiation to electricity output through photovoltaic effect. High-efficiency TPV devices have broad-range applications in grid-scale thermal storage, full-spectrum solar utilization, distributed thermal-electricity cogeneration and waste heat scavenging. The key to high-efficiency TPV devices lies in spectral regulation to achieve band-matching between thermal radiation of the emitters and electron transition of the photovoltaic cells. Recent advancement in nanophotonics, materials science as well as artificial intelligence for science have enabled milestone progresses in spectral regulation and record power conversion efficiency as high as 40% of TPV devices. Here we systematically review spectral regulation in TPV devices at the emitter end as well as the photovoltaic cell end. At the emitter end, spectral regulation is realized through thermal metamaterials and rare-earth intrinsic emitters to selectively enhance the in-band radiation and suppress the sub-bandgap radiation. At the photovoltaic cell end, spectral regulation mainly focuses on recycling the sub-bandgap thermal radiation through optical filter and back surface reflector applied at the front and back of the photovoltaic cells, respectively. We underline the light-matter interaction mechanisms and materials systems of different spectral regulation strategies. We also discuss the spectral regulation strategies in near-field TPV devices. Finally, we envision potential development pathway and prospects of spectral regulation to achieve scalable deployment of TPV devices in future.
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Keywords:
- Thermophotovoltaic /
- Thermal radiation /
- Spectral regulation /
- Thermal photonics
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