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提高压电聚合物的耐温性,且构建压电特异结构提高电学输出特性,成为柔性耐高温压电/热释电双功能传感器制造的关键。本文采用静电纺丝法制备了聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维薄膜,通过程序控温对PAN纳米纤维膜进行热处理得到了耐高温的柔性纤维薄膜。研究结果表明,PAN耐高温柔性纤维薄膜纳米传感器可以在高温环境(> 500 ℃)中使用,其输出性能随热处理温度的升高先增大(< 260 ℃)后基本保持不变(260-450 ℃),最后输出性能减小(> 450 ℃),当热处理温度达到260 ℃时,输出电压可达10.08 V,输出电流达到2.89 μA,与未进行热处理的PAN膜相比,其输出电压和电流分别提高了3.54倍和2.83倍。同时,该传感器在高温环境下的输出不发生变化。首次发现热处理的PAN具有热释电效应,且热释电输出随着温度梯度的增加而变大。在5000次的敲击循环测试中,经过热处理的PAN纳米纤维薄膜传感器具有稳定的输出,这表明该传感器有望应用在消防安全、航空航天等高温环境中。
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关键词:
- 聚丙烯腈(PAN) /
- 环化 /
- 耐高温柔性纳米纤维薄膜 /
- 压电/热释电双功能传感器
Most exiting piezoelectric polymers have low glass transition temperature, so they can only opereture at lower temperature (<150 °C). Once the operate temperature is exceeded, the piezoelectric performance of the device rapidly decreases. At higher temperatures, dense chain motion can interfere with the orientation of dipoles, thus limiting the development of polmer based high-temperature piezoelectric sensors. High-temperature piezoelectric sensor devices are entirely made of inorganic materials, however, inorganic materials are rigid and can only under small strains. Therefore, the enhancement the temperature resistance of piezoelectric polmers and constructing piezoelectric asymmetric structure are the key to the manufacturing of flexible high-temperature resistant piezoelectric/pyroelectric dual functional sensors. In this study, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber film was prepared by electrospinning, then heat treating PAN nanofiber film by program temperature control. The effects of the different heat-treatment temperatures on the mechanical and electrical performance of PAN nanofiber film are studied systematically. The results of the study show that, PAN high temperature resistant flexible nanofiber film sensors can be used in high temperature environment (> 500 ℃). Its output performance increases with the increase of heat treatment temperature (< 260 ℃) and then basically remains unchanged (260-450 ℃). Finally, the output performance decreased (> 450 ℃). When the heat treatment temperature reaches 260 ℃, the output voltage was up to 10.08 V, and current reached 2.89 μA. Compared to the PAN membranes without heat treatment, its output voltage and current were increased by 3.54 times and 2.83 times, respectively. At the same time, the output of the PAN high temperature resistant flexible nanofiber film sensors almost unchanged in the high-temperature environment. For the first time, the heat-treated PAN nanofiber film has a pyroelectric effect, and the pyroelectric output open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current increase with the increasing of the temperature gradient. Besides, the PAN nanofiber film sensors have durability for over 5000 cycles under room temperature(25 °C), and it also has durability for over 5000 cycles under high temperature (400 °C). Overall, good flexible, high-temperature resistance, and bifunctional sensing ability make PAN flexible nanofiber film sensors expect to be widely used in high temperature environments such as fire safety, aerospace and other harsh environment.-
Keywords:
- PAN /
- Cyclization /
- High-temperature flexible nanofiber films /
- Piezoelectric/pyroelectric bifunctional sensor
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