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近年来，聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)基纳米纤维膜由于其优异的压电性能，成为了传感器、能量采集器等应用中的重要材料。然而，PVDF膜的压电性能仍受限于其本身的结构和材料特性，因此，本文研究了填料掺杂驻极体纳米颗粒(EtP)对PVDF纳米纤维膜性能的影响。实验采用静电纺丝技术，将不同浓度的填料掺杂到PVDF纳米纤维膜中，发现适量的填料掺杂可以显著提高膜的压电性能。此外，填料的加入提高了PVDF纳米纤维膜电输出性能的稳定性。实验结果表明，在PVDF溶液中添加不同质量分数的填料，例如1wt%、1.5wt%和2wt%的驻极体颗粒，并通过静电纺丝制备纳米复合纳米纤维膜，可以显著提高其在20 N测试压力下的电输出性能。此外，增加膜面积和施加的压力可以进一步提高它们的电输出性能。本文还提出了一种高效的信号处理方法，通过FIR数字低通滤波去除高频噪声、平滑先验法消除基线漂移，并改进AMPD算法精确检测压电信号中的主波峰位置与特性，从而提高信号的稳定性与特征提取准确性。结合本文实验，填料掺杂和静电纺丝技术的结合为提高PVDF纳米纤维膜的性能提供了一种简单有效的方法，为其在各个领域的应用提供了新的可能性和广阔的前景。In recent years, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based nanofiber membranes have gained significant attention as key materials for applications in sensors, energy harvesters, and flexible electronics due to their excellent piezoelectric properties. However, the piezoelectric performance of PVDF membranes is still limited by their intrinsic structure and material characteristics. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of filler doping on the properties of PVDF nanofiber membranes with the aim of enhancing their piezoelectric performance and stability. Using electrospinning technology, electret particles were incorporated into PVDF nanofiber membranes at different concentrations (e.g., 1wt%, 1.5wt%, and 2wt%). Characterization tests of the composite nanofiber membranes, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), revealed that the doping of electret particles increased the average fiber diameter and enhanced the β-phase content. In piezoelectric performance tests, the piezoelectric sensors made from electric particle-doped nanofiber membranes showed significant improvement in electrical output under a 20N test pressure. Furthermore, increasing the membrane area and applying higher pressure further enhanced the electrical output. These results indicate that appropriate doping with electric particles can effectively improve the piezoelectric performance of PVDF membranes. Stability tests conducted three months after sensor fabrication demonstrated a significant improvement in the electrical output stability of the piezoelectric sensors containing electric particles. Additionally, an efficient signal processing method was proposed, utilizing an FIR digital low-pass filter to remove high-frequency noise, a smoothing prior method to eliminate baseline drift, and an improved AMPD algorithm to accurately detect the peak position and features of the piezoelectric signal. This method significantly enhanced the stability and accuracy of signal feature extraction. In conclusion, this study presents a simple and effective approach to improving the piezoelectric performance and electrical output stability of PVDF nanofiber membranes through the combination of filler doping and electrospinning technology. This method not only optimizes the properties of PVDF-based composite materials but also provides new insights and technical support for their broad applications in energy harvesting, smart sensors, flexible electronics, and other fields.
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Keywords:
- Electrospinning /
- Electret particles /
- PVDF nanofiber membranes /
- Signal processing
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