In this paper, a design method for broadband reconfigurable polarization-converting metasurface operating in L-band is proposed, which is also used to directly modulate the information using two modulation modes of Binary Amplitude Shift Keying (BASK) and Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK). Switching the PIN diode's ON/OFF state can be used to modify the amplitude and phase responses of the cross-polarized reflection of the element in the frequency band of 1.17 GHz-1.66 GHz, thereby creating a 1-bit digital coding meta-atom. By altering the real-time coding patterns of the amplitude and phase, the reconfigurable metasurface enables the control of beams and information modulation. Simulation results show that twin-beams and four-beams with different reflection angles can be achieved by changing the coding patterns of the metasurface, fully validating the dynamic far-field beam control capability. As an experimental verification, a reconfigurable metasurface consisting of 10×10 meta-atoms is fabricated, and its beam steering and information modulation functions are tested. We measure the far-field patterns of the metasurface with different coding phase distributions. Furthermore, modulation signals of varying high/low voltage levels and rates are loaded onto the metasurface, with the aim of controlling its modulation mode and rate. The modulated signals reflected from metasurface are captured by a high-speed RF (Radio Frequency) oscilloscope at varying rates and reflection angles, and then demodulated to recover the original information. On this basis, a metasurface wireless communication system based on BASK and BPSK has been constructed to transmit digital image information in a real-world environment. In the experiment, an image is firstly represented by a sequence of digital '0' and '1' bits, corresponding to the sequence of operating states of the metasurface for the transmission of information. The FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is then used to generate signals with high and low voltage levels in real time according to the sequence of working states of the metasurface, and to modulate the carrier signal shining onto the metasurface. Therefore, the signal is converted into a modulated signal and received by the antenna. Finally, the signal is demodulated by the USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral) and transmitted to the terminal equipment, yielding the constellation diagrams and enabling the recovery of the images. The image information recovered under both modulation schemes has verified that the system can achieve real-time modulation and transmission of digital information. The proposed metasurface and the design method may be used in many applications, such as satellite communications and digital broadcasting.