-
通过分子动力学模拟研究乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物(ETFE)在低气压下的击穿性能，并通过低气压击穿实验对仿真结果进行验证，能够从原子尺度揭示ETFE材料在低气压下绝缘失效机制。首先，对ETFE进行分子动力学模拟，随着飞行高度从0km逐渐增大到24km，模拟气压从101.300kPa逐渐降低到2.951kPa，分子间距离增大9.692%，链间相互作用能降低8.383%，ETFE自由体积分数增加65.000%，ETFE的密度降低了7.737%。之后，基于电机械击穿理论，推导出ETFE击穿场强降低了17.626%。最后，通过低气压击穿实验测得击穿场强下降了40.078%，通过密度测量试验测得密度下降1.574%。仿真和实验结果都证明，ETFE的击穿场强随着气压的下降而降低，这是由于处于低气压条件时，自由体积分数的增大和空气密度的下降为自由电子提供更大的自由行程，杨氏模量的下降导致相同电压下形变更大从而受到场强更大，电荷陷阱能级的下降导致对电荷束缚能力下降使得自由电子浓度更大，表现为ETFE的击穿场强下降。本研究为ETFE在航空航天、高飞行高度极端环境下的应用提供了性能预测与失效机理分析，对航空绝缘ETFE材料的优化设计具有指导意义。By studying the breakdown performance of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE) under low pressure via molecular dynamics simulations, and verifying the simulation results through low-pressure breakdown experiments, the insulation failure mechanism of ETFE materials under low pressure can be revealed at the atomic scale. First, molecular dynamics simulations were performed on ETFE. As the flight altitude gradually increased from 0 km to 24 km, the simulated pressure decreased from 101.300 kPa to 2.951 kPa. Correspondingly, the intermolecular distance increased by 9.692%, the interchain interaction energy decreased by 8.383%, the free volume fraction of ETFE increased by 65.000%, and the density of ETFE decreased by 7.737%.Subsequently, based on the electromechanical breakdown theory, it was deduced that the breakdown field strength of ETFE decreased by 17.626%.Finally, the low-pressure breakdown experiment showed that the breakdown field strength decreased by 40.078%, and the density measurement test indicated that the density decreased by 1.574%. Both simulation and experimental results confirm that the breakdown field strength of ETFE decreases with the reduction of pressure. This is because under low-pressure conditions, the increase in free volume fraction and the decrease in air density provide a longer mean free path for free electrons; the decrease in Young's modulus leads to greater deformation under the same voltage, resulting in a higher applied field strength; and the decrease in charge trap level weakens the charge trapping capability, leading to a higher concentration of free electrons. All these factors contribute to the reduction of the breakdown field strength of ETFE. This study provides performance prediction and failure mechanism analysis for the application of ETFE in aerospace and extreme environments at high flight altitudes, and has guiding significance for the optimization design of aerospace insulating ETFE materials.
-
Keywords:
- Aviation insulation ETFE /
- Low atmospheric pressure /
- Molecular dynamics /
- Breakdown field strength
-
[1] Yuan L, Zheng X, Zhu W, Wang B, Chen Y, Xing Y 2024 Polymers 16 316
[2] Ahmad J, Niasar M J 2025 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 142 27
[3] Riba J R, Moreno-Eguilaz M, Ibrayemov T, Boizieau M 2022 Materials 15 1677
[4] Shahsavarian T, Li C, Baferani M A, Ronzello J, Cao Y, Wu X, Zhang D 2021 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 28 231
[5] Shahsavarian T, Li C, Baferani M A, Cao Y 2020 Proc. IEEE Conf. Electr. Insul. Dielectr. Phenom. East Rutherford, USA, October 18-30, 2020 p271
[6] Bas-Calopa P, Riba J R, Moreno-Eguilaz M 2024 Proc. IEEE Int. Instrum. Meas. Technol. Conf. Glasgow, United Kingdom, May 20-23, 2024 p1
[7] Anoy S, Mona G 2024 IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Power Electron. 13 4521
[8] Al Otmi M, Willmore F, Sampath J 2023 Macromolecules 56 9042
[9] Guo G, Zhang J, Chen X, Zhao X, Deng J, Zhang G 2022 Comput. Mater. Sci.212 111571
[10] Tamir E, Sidess A, Srebnik S 2019 Chem. Eng. Sci. 205 332
[11] Li L L, Han S, Wang Y L, Liu T J, Li Y Z, Gao J G 2025 Acta Phys. Sin. 74 127702 (in Chinese) [李丽丽，韩爽，王玉龙，刘统江，李育哲，高俊国 2025 物理学报 74 127702]
[12] Wang J, Cieplak P, Li J, Wang J, Cai Q, Hsieh M, Lei H, Luo R, Duan Y 2011 J. Phys. Chem. B. 115 3100
[13] von Milczewski J, Tolsma J R 2021 Phys. Rev. B 104 125111
[14] Israelachvili J N 2011 Intermolecular and surface forces (Academic Press) p108
[15] Mazo M, Балабаев Н К, Alentiev A Y, Yampolskii Y P 2018 Macromolecules 51 1398
[16] Sharma S K, Pujari P K 2017 Prog. Polym. Sci. 75 31
[17] Wong C P J, Choi P 2024 Phys. Fluids 36 033120
[18] Pacułt J, Rams-Baron M, Chrząszcz B, Jachowicz R, Paluch M 2018 Mol. Pharm. 15 2807
[19] Li Y S, Xia Y, Liu S C, Qu C 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 052101 (in Chinese) [李亚莎, 夏宇, 刘世冲, 瞿聪 2022 物理学报 71 052101]
[20] Song X F, M D M, Gao Z W, Wang P X, Hao Y T, Gao J H, Zhong L S 2024 Acta Phys. Sin. 73 027301 (in Chinese) [宋小凡, 闵道敏, 高梓巍, 王泊心, 郝予涛, 高景晖, 钟力生 2024 物理学报 73 027301]
[21] Tang X, Ding C, Yu S, Zhong C, Luo H, Chen S 2024 Small 20 22
[22] Konstantinou K, Elliott S R 2023 Phys. Status Solidi RRL 17 8
[23] Welwang W, Takada T, Tanaka Y, Li S T 2017 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 24 3144
[24] He G, Luo H, Yan C F, Wan Y T, Wu D, Luo H, Liu Y, Chen S 2024 Energy Environ. Mater. 7 308
[25] Yang K, Chen W, Zhao Y, Yu H, Chen X, Du B, Yang W, Song Z, Fu Y 2021 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 13 25850
[26] Hayt W H (translated by Zhao Y Z) 2013 Engineering Electromagnetics (Xi'an Jiaotong University Press) p63 (in Chinese) [威廉H.哈伊特著 (赵彦珍译) 2013 工程电磁场 (西安交通大学出版社) 第63页]
[27] Feng Y, Zhang S, Zhou B, Liu P Y, Yang X R, Li S T 2025 Acta Phys. Sin. 74 087701 (in Chinese) [冯阳，张硕，周彬，刘培焱，杨心如，李盛涛 2025 物理学报 74 087701]
[28] Paleti S H K, Kim Y, Kimpel J, Craighero M, Haraguchi S, Müller C 2024 Chem. Soc. Rev. 53 1702
[29] Xu Z L 2006 Theory of Elasticity (Beijing: Higher Education Press) (in Chinese) [徐芝纶 2006 弹性力学(北京：高等教育出版社)]
[30] Deng F, Wei J, Xu Y, Lin Z, Lü X, Wan Y J, Sun R, Wong C P, Hu Y 2023 Nano-Micro Lett. 15 106
[31] Yu J X, Liang H L, Yang Y J, Ming X 2025 Acta Phys. Sin. 74 077102 (in Chinese) [虞健祥，梁华琳，杨轶钧，明星 2025 物理学报 74 077102]
[32] Wei Z Z 2025 Acta Phys. Sin. 74 036201 (in Chinese) [韦昭召 2025 物理学报 74 036201]
[33] Hill A J, Thornton A W, Hannink R H J, Moon J D, Freeman B D 2020 Corros. Eng. Sci. Technol. 55 145
[34] Cao Y, Cao W, Yang X, Shi Y, Qi X 2021 Polym. Adv. Technol. 33 146
[35] Chen J D, Liu Z Y 1982 Physics of Dielectrics (Beijing: China Machine Press) p312 (in Chinese) [陈季丹，刘子玉 1982 电介质物理学 (北京：机械工业出版社) 第312页]
[36] Stark S 2022 J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 42 462
[37] Xing Z L, Gu Z L, Zhang C, Guo S W, Cui H Z, Lei Q Q, Li G C 2022 Energies 15 4412
[38] Kantar E, Eie-Klusmeier K K, Ve T A, Ese M H, Hvidsten S 2024 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 32 416
[39] Sima W, Yin Z, Sun P T, Li L C, Shao Q Q, Yuan T, Yang M 2020 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 27 2014
[40] Fica-Contreras S M, Li Z, Alamri A, Charnay A P, Pan J, Wu C, Lockwood J R, Yassin O, Shukla S, Sotzing G A, Cao Y, Fayer M D 2023 Mater. Today. 67 57
[41] Zhang M, Zhu B, Zhang X, Liu Z, Wei X, Zhang Z 2023 Mater. Horiz. 10 2455
[42] Min D, Yan C, Mi R, Cui H, Li Y, Wang W, Fréchette M F, Li S 2018 IEEE Nanotechnol. Mag. 12 15
[43] Wang J, Shen Z, Liu R L, Shen Y, Chen L, Liu H, Chen N. 2023 Adv. Sci. 10 16
计量
- 文章访问数: 8
- PDF下载量: 0
- 被引次数: 0
下载:
