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针对传统拉曼分布式光纤传感技术中由于米量级空间分辨率性能不足，导致传感光纤沿线亚空间分辨率长度探测光纤区域内系统测量精度下降的技术瓶颈，本研究提出一种基于一维寻峰方法的阈值系数拟合方法。该方法通过提取探测光纤区域内分布式温升曲线的峰值系数和半高全宽（full width at half maximum,FWHM） ，然后建立拉曼散射阈值系数拟合模型及“FWHM-传感距离-探测光纤尺寸”的定量映射模型，进而计算出最优拉曼散射阈值系数，最终重构光纤沿线分布式温度场信号。实验结果表明：应用该技术后，在10 km传感距离下，系统在30 cm探测光纤上的测温误差相较于传统温度解调技术（34.7℃）显著降低，温度精度达到1.5℃。此外，FWHM与传感距离呈线性正相关，且独立于温度变化，该特性确保了该技术在不同环境温度下的稳定性和适应性。本论文通过纯算法方案重构光纤沿线拉曼散射信号，无须增加额外器件，为高精度分布式温度监测在长距离基础设施健康诊断等领域的应用提供了一种新方案。In response to the technical issue in Raman distributed optical fiber technology where the traditional meter-level spatial resolution performance is insufficient, leading to a decline in system measurement accuracy within sub-spatial resolution fiber segments along the sensing fiber, a threshold coefficient fitting technique based on a one-dimensional peak-seeking method is proposed in this study. Significant temperature measurement errors of up to tens of degrees Celsius are caused by the overlap of Raman scattering signals from non-detection regions when the detection fiber length is shorter than the system's spatial resolution. This severely limits the technology application in scenarios requiring precise temperature monitoring. To overcome the above bottleneck, a purely algorithmic approach is introduced, which reconstructs the temperature field without requiring hardware modifications. The sensing fiber was globally scanned using the one-dimensional peak-finding algorithm to precisely locate sub-spatial resolution detection fiber regions. Simultaneously, the peak intensity, full width at half maximum (FWHM), and location were extracted from the temperature rise curve within the fiber under test (FUT). Through pre-calibration experiments, a quantitative fitting model was established between peak temperature rise curves and threshold coefficients, revealing a quantitative mapping relationship between FWHM and sensing distance, as well as length of FUT. The results indicated that FWHM exhibited a significant positive linear correlation with sensing distance, independent of temperature variations. This characteristic enabled FWHM to serve as a reliable feature parameter for identifying the actual length of detection fibres. During real-time measurements, the detection fiber length was determined via the mapping model based on extracted FWHM and location. Then the corresponding threshold coefficient fitting model is selected to compensate for distorted temperature rise peaks, thereby reconstructing distributed temperature field. Experimental results demonstrated that over a 10-kilometre sensing distance, the results indicate that the application of this technique significantly enhanced the temperature measurement accuracy within the 30 cm detection fiber, achieving 1.5 °C compared to the baseline accuracy of 34.7 °C before compensation. Conclusions indicate that the proposed threshold coefficient fitting technique, through algorithmic innovation, effectively overcomes the technical limitation of deteriorating temperature measurement accuracy in sub-spatial resolution regions within Raman distributed fibre optics sensing. The constructed FWHM quantitative mapping model provides critical basis for threshold compensation, ultimately achieving precise temperature monitoring of sub-metre regions within long-distance sensing contexts. This solution features a streamlined structure, low cost, and ease of engineering integration. It offers a novel approach for long-term, high-precision temperature monitoring in fields such as power cable fault orienation, oil and gas pipeline micro-leakage early warning, and civil structural health monitoring.
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Keywords:
- distributed fibre optic sensing /
- Raman scattering /
- spatial resolution /
- high temperature accuracy
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