薄膜异质结中磁性斯格明子的相关研究

李文静; 光耀; 于国强; 万蔡华; 丰家峰; 韩秀峰

doi:10.7498/aps.67.20180549

摘要

磁性斯格明子由于具有拓扑保护、尺寸小、驱动电流密度低等优异的属性，有望作为未来超高密度磁存储和逻辑功能器件的信息载体.为了满足器件中信息写入和读取的基本要求，需要在室温下实现斯格明子的精确产生、操控和探测.该综述简要介绍最近我们针对上述问题取得的一系列研究进展，包括：1）证明可以通过控制磁性薄膜材料的垂直磁各向异性在室温下产生斯格明子，并进一步在基于反铁磁的薄膜异质结中发现了室温、零磁场下稳定存在的斯格明子；2）证明能够利用电流产生的自旋轨道力矩操控斯格明子，并进一步制备出一种基于斯格明子的原理型器件，实现了利用电学方式产生和操控数量可控的斯格明子.

关键词:

Abstract

Magnetic skyrmion is expected to function as an ideal information carrier for ultra-high density magnetic storage and logic functional device in the future due to its superior properties, such as topological protection, small size, and low driving current density for motion. In order to meet the basic requirements for writing and reading information in devices, one needs to be able to accurately generate, manipulate, and probe skyrmion at room temperature. Given that the history and latest developments of the skyrmion research will be reviewed comprehensively in other articles, in order to avoid repetition, in this article we briefly review a series of recent research advances we have made in magnetic multilayer materials in recent years, and discuss the advantages of relevant device applications and problems that need to be solved. They are included in three aspects as follows. 1) The room temperature skyrmion was observed in a wedge film Ta (5 nm)/Co20Fe60B20 (CoFeB) (1 nm)/Ta (t)/MgO (2 nm)/Ta (2 nm) by a polar magneto-optical Kerr microscope. Results showed that skyrmion can be created at room temperature by controlling the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of magnetic thin film. In the following, we designed a thin film heterojunction containing an antiferromagnetic layer IrMn. The introduction of antiferromagnetic material can produce an exchange bias field in the magnetic layer, which can play the same role as an external magnetic field, making it possible to realize zero-field skyrmion. In this study, we have successfully observed a stable skyrmion at room temperature and zero magnetic field. 2) The spin-orbit torque generated by the current proved to be able to be used to manipulate the created skyrmion. In the fourth part of this review, we discuss the dynamic process of skyrmion driven by spin-orbit torque in IrMn/CoFeB heterojunctions, and the chirality of skyrmion can be deduced by the direction of its longitudinal motion driven by an applied current. Finally, a principle device based on the skyrmion is further fabricated. In this device, a set of binary data was recorded in the track in the presence and absence of skyrmion. Generating and manipulating numbers of skyrmions were realized by using a series of pulse currents with different amplitudes and widths. The detection of a skyrmion can be achieved by using a magnetic tunnel junction at the right end of the device. 3) The advantages of skyrmion as a storage device and the problems that need to be solved for practical applications were discussed.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
中国科学院物理研究所, 北京凝聚态物理国家研究中心, 北京 100190

通信作者: 于国强, guoqiangyu@iphy.ac.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金委员会与爱尔兰科学基金会合作研究项目（批准号：51861135104）、国家千人计划青年项目、科技部国家重点研发计划（纳米计划）（批准号：2017YFA0206200）、国家自然科学基金（批准号：11434014，51620105004，11174341，51701203）、中国科学院战略先导项目（B类）（批准号：XDB07030200）、中国科学院前沿科学重点研究计划（批准号：QYZDJ-SSW-SLH016）和中国科学院国际合作局对外合作重点项目（批准号：112111KYSB20170090）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Corresponding author: Yu Guo-Qiang, guoqiangyu@iphy.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Science Foundation Ireland International Partnership Program (Grant No. 51861135104), Youth 1000 Plan, the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0206200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11434014, 51620105004, 11174341, 51701203), the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB07030200), the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. QYZDJ-SSW-SLH016), and the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (Grant No. 112111KYSB20170090).

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施引文献

[1]	Nagaosa N, Tokura Y 2013 Nat. Nanotech. 8 899
[2]	Fert A, Cros V, Sampaio J 2013 Nat. Nanotech. 8 152
[3]	Fert A, Reyren N, Cros V 2017 Nat. Rev. Mater. 2 17031
[4]	Jiang W, Chen G, Liu K, Zang J, te Velthuis S G E, Hoffmann A 2017 Sci. Rep. 704 1
[5]	Upadhyaya P, Yu G, Amiri P K, Wang K L 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 134411
[6]	Yu X Z, Kanazawa N, Zhang W Z, Nagai T, Hara T, Kimoto K, Matsui Y, Onose Y, Tokura Y 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 988
[7]	Sampaio J, Cros V, Rohart S, Thiaville A, Fert A 2013 Nat. Nanotech. 8 839
[8]	Tomasello R, Martinez E, Zivieri R, Torres L, Carpentieri M, Finocchio G 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 6784
[9]	Sun L, Cao R, Miao B, Feng Z, You B, Wu D, Zhang W, Hu A, Ding H 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 167201
[10]	Zhou Y, Ezawa M 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4652
[11]	Iwasaki J, Mochizuki M, Nagaosa N 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 742
[12]	Zhang X, Zhao G P, Fangohr H, Liu J P, Xia W X, Xia J, Morvan F J 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 7643
[13]	Zhang X, Ezawa M, Zhou Y 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 9400
[14]	Huang Y Q, Kang W, Zhang X C, Zhou Y, Zhao W S 2017 Nanotechnology 28 08LT02
[15]	Luo S, Song M, Li X, Zhang Y, Hong J, Yang X, Zou X, Xu N, You L 2018 Nano Lett. 18 1180
[16]	Wang C J, Xiao D, Chen X, Zhou Y, Liu Y W 2017 New J. Phys. 19 083008
[17]	Zhang S F, Wang J B, Zheng Q, Zhu Q Y, Liu X Y, Chen S J, Jin C D, Liu Q F, Jia C L, Xue D S 2015 New J. Phys. 17 023061
[18]	Dai Y Y, Wang H, Tao P, Yang T, Ren W J, Zhang Z D 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 054403
[19]	Rler U K, Bogdanov A N, Pfleiderer C 2006 Nature 442 797
[20]	Emori S, Bauer U, Ahn S M, Martinez E, Beach G S D 2013 Nat. Mater. 12 611
[21]	Ryu K S, Thomas L, Yang S H, Parkin S 2013 Nat. Nanotech. 8 527
[22]	Chen G, Zhu J, Quesada A, Li J, N'Diaye A, Huo Y, Ma T, Chen Y, Kwon H, Won C, Qiu Z, Schmid A, Wu Y 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 77204
[23]	Pappas C, Lelivre-Berna E, Falus P, Bentley P M, Moskvin E, Grigoriev S, Fouquet P, Farago B 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 197202
[24]	Neubauer A, Pfleiderer C, Binz B, Rosch A, Ritz R, Niklowitz P G, Bni P 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 186602
[25]	Mhlbauer S, Binz B, Jonietz F, Pfleiderer C, Rosch A, Neubauer A, Georgii R, Bni P 2009 Science 323 915
[26]	Yu X Z, Onose Y, Kanazawa N, Park J H, Han J H, Matsui Y, Nagaosa N, Tokura Y 2010 Nature 465 901
[27]	Mnzer W, Neubauer A, Adams T, Mhlbauer S, Franz C, Jonietz F, Georgii R, Bni P, Pedersen B, Schmidt M, Rosch A, Pfleiderer C 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 041203
[28]	Yu X Z, Kanazawa N, Onose Y, Kimoto K, Zhang W Z, Ishiwata S, Matsui Y, Tokura Y 2010 Nature Mater. 10 106
[29]	Wang C, Du H, Zhao X, Jin C, Tian M, Zhang Y, Che R 2017 Nano Lett. 17 2921
[30]	Du H, Che R, Kong L, Zhao X, Jin C, Wang C, Yang J, Ning W, Li R, Jin C, Chen X, Zang J, Zhang Y, Tian M 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8504
[31]	Seki S, Yu X Z, Ishiwata S, Tokura Y 2012 Science 336 198
[32]	Adams T, Chacon A, Wagner M, Bauer A, Brandl G, Pedersen B, Berger H, Lemmens P, Pfleiderer C 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 237204
[33]	Seki S, Ishiwata S, Tokura Y 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86 06403
[34]	Wang W H, Zhang Y, Xu G Z, Peng L C, Ding B, Wang Y, Hou Z P, Zhang X M, Li X Y, Liu E K, Wang S G, Cai J W, Wang F W, Li J Q, Hu F X, Wu G H, Shen B G, Zhang X X 2016 Adv. Mater. 28 6887
[35]	Peng L C, Zhag Y, Wang W H, He M, Li L L, Ding B, Li J Q, Sun Y, Zhang X G, Cai J W, Wang S G, Wu G H, Shen B G 2017 Nano Lett. 17 7075
[36]	Heinze S, von Bergmann K, Menzel M, Brede J, Kubetzka A, Wiesendanger R, Bihlmayer G, Blgel S 2011 Nat. Phys. 7 713
[37]	Romming N, Hanneken C, Menzel M, Bickel J E, Wolter B, von Bergmann K, Kubetzka A, Wiesendanger R 2013 Science 341 636
[38]	Jiang W, Upadhyaya P, Zhang W, Yu G, Jungfleisch M B, Fradin F Y, Pearson J E, Tserkovnyak Y, Wang K L, Heinonen O, te Velthuis S G E, Hoffmann A 2015 Science 349 283
[39]	Jiang W, Zhang X, Yu G, Zhang W, Wang X, Benjamin Jungfleisch M, Pearson John E, Cheng X, Heinonen O, Wang K L, Zhou Y, Hoffmann A, te Velthuis Suzanne G E 2016 Nat. Phys. 13 162
[40]	Yu G, Upadhyaya P, Shao Q, Wu H, Yin G, Li X, He C, Jiang W, Han X, Amiri P K, Wang K L 2016 Nano Lett. 17 261
[41]	Yu G, Upadhyaya P, Li X, Li W, Kim S K, Fan Y, Wong K L, Tserkovnyak Y, Amiri P K, Wang K L 2016 Nano Lett. 16 1981
[42]	Legrand W, Maccariello D, Reyren N, Garcia K, Moutafis C, Moreau-Luchaire C, Collin S, Bouzehouane K, Cros V, Fert A 2017 Nano Lett. 17 2703
[43]	Pulecio J F, Hrabec A, Zeissler K, Zhu Y, Marrows C H 2016 arXiv preprint arXiv:1611.00209
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[46]	He M, Peng L C, Zhu Z Z, Li G, Cai J W, Li J Q, Wei H X, Gu L, Wang S G, Zhao T Y, Shen B G, Zhang Y 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 111 202403
[47]	Yang H, Thiaville A, Rohart S, Fert A, Chshiev M 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 267210
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[49]	Nembach H, Shaw J, Weiler M, Jue E, Silva T 2015 Nat. Phys. 11 825
[50]	Di K, Zhang V, Lim H, Ng S, Kuok M, Yu J, Yoon J, Qiu X, Yang H 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 047201
[51]	Heide M, Bihlmayer G, Blugel S 2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 140403
[52]	Chauleau J Y, Legrand W, Reyren N, Maccariello D, Collin S, Popescu H, Bouzehouane K, Cros V, Jaouen N, Fert A 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 037202
[53]	Heinze S, von Bergmann K, Menzel M, Brede J, Kubetzka A, Wiesendanger R, Bihlmayer G, Blugel S 2011 Nat. Phys. 7 713
[54]	Tetienne J P, Hingant T, Martinez L J, Rohart S, Thiaville A, Diez L H, Garcia K, Adam J P, Kim J V, Roch J F, Miron I M, Gaudin G, Vila L, Ocker B, Ravelosona D, Jacques V 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 6733
[55]	Chen G, Kang S P, Ophus C, N'Diaye A, Diaye A T, Kwon H Y, Qiu R T, Won C, Liu K, Wu Y Z, Schmid A K 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 15302
[56]	Pollard S, Garlow J, Yu J, Wang Z, Zhu Y, Yang H 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 14761
[57]	Korner H S, Stigloher J, Bauer H G, Hata H, Taniguchi T, Moriyama T, Ono T, Back C H 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 220413
[58]	Belmeguenai M, Adam J P, Roussigne Y, Eimer S, Devolder T, Kim J V, Cherif S M, Stashkevich A, Thiaville A 2015 Phys. Rev. B 91 180405
[59]	Yu G, Upadhyaya P, Wong K L, Jiang W, Alzate J G, Tang J, Amiri P K, Wang K L 2014 Phys. Rev. B 89 104421
[60]	Ma X, Yu G, Li X, Wang T, Wu D, Olsson K S, Chu Z, An K, Xiao J Q, Wang K L, Li X 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 180408
[61]	Ma X, Yu G, Razavi S A, Sasaki S S, Li X, Hao K, Tolbert S H, Wang K L, Li X 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 027202
[62]	Ma X, Yu G, Tang C, Li X, He C, Shi J, Wang K L, Li X 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 157204
[63]	Yu G, Wang Z, Abolfath-Beygi M, He C, Li X, Wong K L, Nordeen P, Wu H, Carman G P, Han X, Alhomoudi I A, Amiri P K, Wang K L 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 072402
[64]	Dieny B, Chshiev M 2017 Rev. Mod. Phys. 89 025008
[65]	Upadhyaya P, Yu G, Amiri P, Wang K 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 134411
[66]	Yu G, Jenkins A, Ma X, Razavi S A, He C, Yin G, Shao Q, He Q l, Wu H, Li W, Jiang W, Han X, Li X E, Bleszynski Jayich A C, Amiri P K, Wang K L 2017 Nano Lett. 18 980
[67]	Wu D, Yu G, Chen C, Razavi S, Shao Q, Li X, Zhao B, Wong K, He C, Zhang Z, Amiri P, Wang K 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 222401
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