可实现偏振无关单向传输的二维硅基环形孔光子晶体

刘丹; 胡森

doi:10.7498/aps.68.20181397

摘要

基于光子晶体来构筑偏振无关光二极管在光电集成领域具有重大的应用价值. 首先提出了一种环形孔光子晶体, 能带结构显示其对横电及横磁模式同时展现出显著的方向带隙. 以此构建了三角形状的环形孔光子晶体, 利用时域有限差分法计算其透过谱及场分布图, 发现该结构能实现偏振无关单向传输特性, 然而正向透过率太低(约20%). 进一步引入尺寸较小的三角形状的环形孔光子晶体构成光子晶体异质结结构, 有效地提高了偏振无关单向传输性能, 正向透过率增大了一倍. 通过界面结构的调整, 正向透过率进一步增大, 优化后的环形孔光子晶体异质结结构能同时对类横电及类横磁模式入射光实现单向传输, 且正向透过率达到了44%.

关键词:

Abstract

Optical diode is a device that can realize unidirectional transmission of light. Its function is similar to that of an electronic diode. It has important applications in the field of optoelectronic integration and all-optical communications. Unidirectional wave transmission requires either time-reversal or spatial inversion symmetry breaking. The magneto-optical effect and optical nonlinearity are usually utilized to break the time-reversal symmetry and obtain the unidirectional transmission. However, these schemes all need high light intensity or magnetic field strength to be realized, and limit the usage. Therefore, spatial inversion symmetry breaking is highly desirable because of totally linear materials under low intensities. Quit a lot of researchers have designed optical diodes based on the photonic crystals and achieved unidirectional transmission for TE-like or TM-like light. The early design realized light unidirectional transmission by PC structures for only one polarization state (TE-like or TM-like incident light). It limits the application for the high integration and reconfigurable optical interconnection. The structure which can achieve unidirectional transmission for both TE and TM polarizations needs to be designed. The annular PCs have been verified to realize polarization-independent phenomena, such as beam splitting, self collimation and waveguide. In this paper, an annular PC is proposed. The plane wave expansion method is used to calculate band structures. The results show that it exhibits a significant directional band gap for both TE and TM mode. Then, the triangular annular PC is constructed, and its transmission spectra and field distributions are calculated by the finite-different time-domain method. It is found that the structure can realize the polarization-independent unidirectional transmission, but the forward transmissivity is too low (about 20%). Moreover, another smaller size annular PC is further introduced to form annular PC heterojunction, which effectively improves the polarization-independent unidirectional transmission performance and the forward transmissivity has doubled. Through the adjustment of the interface structure, the forward transmissivity is further increased. The optimized annular PC heterostructure can realize polarization-independent unidirectional transmission, and the forward transmissivity reaches 44%. The heterostructure can be used to fabricate polarization-independent optical diode, and may have potential applications in complex all-optical integrated circuits.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

刘丹¹,
胡森^1,2

1.
湖北第二师范学院物理与机电工程学院, 武汉　430205

2.
华中师范大学物理科学与技术学院, 武汉　430079

通信作者: 刘丹, liudanhu725@126.com

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11504100)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

Liu Dan¹,
Hu Sen^1,2

1.
Department of Physics and Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan 430205, China

2.
College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China

Corresponding author: Liu Dan, liudanhu725@126.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11504100).

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	John S 1987 Phys. Rev. Lett. 58 2486 Google Scholar
[2]	Yablonovitch E 1987 Phys. Rev. Lett. 58 2059 Google Scholar
[3]	Ho K M, Chan C T, Soukoulis C M 1990 Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 3152 Google Scholar
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施引文献

图 1 环形孔光子晶体的结构及参数

Fig. 1. Annular PC structure and parameters.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 环形孔光子晶体的能带结构

Fig. 2. Band structure of annular PC.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 (a) 三角形状的环形孔光子晶体; (b)入射光源为类TE模式时的正、反向透过谱; (c) 入射光源为类TM模式时的正、反向透过谱

Fig. 3. (a) Triangular annular PC structure; (b) the forward and backward transmission spectra of the TE-like incident light; (c) the forward and backward transmission spectra of the TM-like incident light.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 频率为0.43$(a/\lambda )$时, 类TE或类TM模式光入射到三角形状环形孔光子晶体时的正向(a)和(c)、反向(b)和(d)场分布图

Fig. 4. Forward (a), (c) and backward (b), (d) field distribution of the TE-like or TM-like light at 0.43$(a/\lambda )$ propagating in triangular annular PC.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 (a)环形孔光子晶体异质结结构；(b) PC1的能带结构；(c)入射光源为类TE模式时的正、反向透过谱； (d)入射光源为类TM模式时的正、反向透过谱

Fig. 5. (a) Annular PC heterostructure； (b) band structure of PC1； (c) forward and backward transmission spectra of the TE-like incident light； (d) forward and backward transmission spectra of the TM-like incident light.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 频率为0.43$(a/\lambda )$时, 类TE或类TM模式光入射到环形孔光子晶体异质结时的正向(a)和(c)、反向(b和d)场分布图

Fig. 6. Forward (a), (c) and backward (b), (d) field distribution of the TE-like or TM-like light at 0.43$(a/\lambda )$ propagating in the annular PC heterostructure.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 (a)优化后的环形孔光子晶体异质结结构；(b)入射光源为类TE模式时的正、反向透过谱；(c)入射光源为类TM模式时的正、反向透过谱

Fig. 7. (a) Optimized annular PC heterostructure； (b) forward and backward transmission spectra of the TE-like incident light； (c) forward and backward transmission spectra of the TM-like incident light.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 频率为0.43$(a/\lambda )$时, 类TE及类TM模式光入射到优化后的环形孔光子晶体异质结时的正向(a)和(c)、反向(b和d)场分布图

Fig. 8. Forward (a), (c) and backward (b), (d) field distribution of the TE-like and TM-like light at 0.43$(a/\lambda )$ propagating in the optimized annular PC heterostructure.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

[1]	John S 1987 Phys. Rev. Lett. 58 2486 Google Scholar
[2]	Yablonovitch E 1987 Phys. Rev. Lett. 58 2059 Google Scholar
[3]	Ho K M, Chan C T, Soukoulis C M 1990 Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 3152 Google Scholar
[4]	Wierer J J, Krames M R, Epler J E 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 3885 Google Scholar
[5]	Kim D H, Cho C O, Roh Y G 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 203508 Google Scholar
[6]	Wang C X, Xu X S, Li F, Du W, Xiong G G, Liu Y L, Chen H D 2006 Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 2472 Google Scholar
[7]	朱桂新, 于天宝, 陈淑文, 石哲, 胡淑娟, 赖珍荃, 廖清华, 黄永箴 2009 物理学报 58 1014 Google Scholar Zhu X G, Yu T B, Chen S W, Shi Z, Hu S J, Lai Z Q, Liao Q H, Huang Y Z 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 1014 Google Scholar
[8]	杨倩倩, 侯蓝田 2009 物理学报 58 8345 Google Scholar Yang Q Q, Hou L T 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 8345 Google Scholar
[9]	陈颖, 王文跃, 于娜 2014 物理学报 63 034205 Chen Y, Wang W Y, Yu N 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 034205
[10]	庄煜阳, 周雯, 季珂, 陈鹤鸣 2015 物理学报 64 224202 Google Scholar Zhuang Y Y, Zhou W, Ji K, Chen H M 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 224202 Google Scholar
[11]	张学智, 冯鸣, 张心正 2013 物理学报 62 024201 Zhang X Z, Feng M, Zhang X Z 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 024201
[12]	Zaman T R, Guo X, Ram R 2007 J. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 023514 Google Scholar
[13]	Bi L, Hu J, Jiang P, et al. 2011 Nat. Photonics 5 758 Google Scholar
[14]	Fan L, Wang J, Varghese L T 2012 Science 335 447 Google Scholar
[15]	Kurt H, Yilmaz D, Akosman A E, et al. 2012 Opt. Express 20 20635 Google Scholar
[16]	Zhang Y Y, Kan Q, Wang G P 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 4934 Google Scholar
[17]	Lu C C, Hu X Y, Zhang Y B, et al. 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 051107 Google Scholar
[18]	Wang C, Zhou C Z, Li Z Y 2011 Opt. Express 19 26948 Google Scholar
[19]	Feng S, Wang Y Q 2013 Opt. Express 21 220 Google Scholar
[20]	Feng S, Wang Y Q 2013 Opt. Mater. 36 546 Google Scholar
[21]	程立锋, 任承, 王萍, 冯帅 2014 物理学报 63 154213 Google Scholar Cheng L F, Ren C, Wang P, Feng S 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 154213 Google Scholar
[22]	刘丹, 胡森, 肖明 2017 物理学报 66 054209 Liu D, Hu S, Xiao M 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 054209
[23]	Yucel M B, Cicek A, Ulug B 2013 Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications 11 270
[24]	Cicek A, Ulug B 2009 Opt. Express 17 18381 Google Scholar
[25]	Hou J, Gao D S, Wu H 2009 Opt. Commun. 282 3172 Google Scholar
[26]	Wu H, Citrin D S, Jiang L Y, et al. 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 141112 Google Scholar
[27]	Jiang L Y, Wu H, Li X Y 2013 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 30 1248
[28]	Feng J, Chen Y, Blair J, et al. 2009 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 27 568 Google Scholar

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可实现偏振无关单向传输的二维硅基环形孔光子晶体