强相互作用物质中的自旋与运动关联

尹伊

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20222458

摘要

介绍了相对论重离子碰撞实验中自旋相关观测量的最新研究进展, 重点是流体力学梯度引发的费米子自旋与其运动的量子关联, 比如最新发现的剪切力引发的自旋效应(shear-induced polarization, SIP), 以及场论线性响应理论在自旋研究中的应用. 本文讨论了SIP效应以及其他自旋运动关联效应在重离子碰撞实验中的可能信号, 并对未来发展做了展望.

关键词:

量子色动力学相图 /
自旋

Recently, the $\Lambda$ polarization has been observed at relativistic heavy-ion collider (RHIC) and large hadron collider (LHC). This observation has inspired many studies on spin dynamics of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) many-body physics, thus opening a new avenue to studying the hot and dense nuclear matter.This paper reviews the recent progress of spin effects in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, with an emphasis on the quantum correlation between spin and motion in QCD matter, including newly discovered shear-induced polarization (SIP), a novel effect that fluid shear polarizes the spin. The linear response theory’s applications to studying those effects are also systematically reviewed. Finally, their observational signatures in experiments are discussed.

Keywords:

quantum chromodynamics phase diagram /
spin

作者及机构信息

尹伊

中国科学院近代物理研究所, 夸克物质中心, 兰州　730000

通信作者: 尹伊, yiyin@impcas.ac.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 12175282)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

Yin Yi

Quark Matter Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

Corresponding author: Yin Yi, yiyin@impcas.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12175282)

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

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施引文献

图 1 自旋霍尔效应示意. 对于自旋霍尔材料(如某些半导体, 见文献[22]的总结), 在施加了电场的条件下, 费米子的速度$ {\boldsymbol v} $与其自旋方向$ {\boldsymbol s} $将产生关联, 见正文和方程(2)

Fig. 1. An illustration of spin Hall effect (SHE). For SHE material (such as semi-conductor as listed in Ref. [22]), the velocity of a fermion $ {\boldsymbol v} $ will be correlated with its spin direction $ {\boldsymbol s} $, see text and Eq. (2)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同流体力学梯度效应引发的s夸克longitudinal方向自旋随transverse方向动量方位角$\phi_{{\rm{p}}}$的依赖关系, 图选自文献[30]

Fig. 2. Polarization of s-quark projected along the longitudinal direction vs the transverse azimuthal angle $ \phi_{{\rm{p}}} $, see Ref. [30]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 由流体力学梯度引发的自旋极化随动量角的变化和实验结果的定性比较. 作为比较, 虚线表示没有考虑SIP效应的结果, 图取自文献[30]

Fig. 3. The qualitative comparison between the effects of hydrodynamic gradient and experiment data, see Ref. [30]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

[1]	Bzdak A, Esumi S, Koch V, Liao J, Stephanov M, Xu N 2020 Phys. Rep. 853 1 Google Scholar
[2]	Luo X, Wang Q, Xu N, Zhuang P 2022 Properties of QCD Matter at High Baryon Density (Berlin: Springer)
[3]	Busza W, Rajagopal K, van der Schee W 2018 Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 68 339 Google Scholar
[4]	Liang Z T, Wang X N 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 102301 [Erratum: 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 039901]
[5]	Becattini F, Chandra V, Del Zanna L, Grossi E 2013 Annals Phys. 338 32 Google Scholar
[6]	Adamczyk L, Adkins J K, Agakishiev G, et al. 2017 Nature 548 62 Google Scholar
[7]	Acharya S, Adamová D, Adler A, et al. 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 012301 Google Scholar
[8]	Abdallah M S, Aboona B E, Adam J, et al. 2023 Nature 614 244 Google Scholar
[9]	Kharzeev D E, Liao J, Voloshin S A, Wang G 2016 Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 88 1 Google Scholar
[10]	Wang F Q, Zhao J 2018 Nucl. Sci. Tech. 29 179 Google Scholar
[11]	Hattori K, Huang X G 2017 Nucl. Sci. Tech. 28 26 Google Scholar
[12]	Liu Y C, Huang X G 2020 Nucl. Sci. Tech. 31 56 Google Scholar
[13]	Gao J H, Ma G L, Pu S, Wang Q 2020 Nucl. Sci. Tech. 31 90 Google Scholar
[14]	Hidaka Y, Pu S, Wang Q, Yang D L 2022 Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 127 103989 Google Scholar
[15]	Florkowski W, Friman B, Jaiswal A, Speranza E 2018 Phys. Rev. C 97 041901 Google Scholar
[16]	Hattori K, Hongo M, Huang X G, Matsuo M, Taya H 2019 Phys. Lett. B 795 100 Google Scholar
[17]	Weickgenannt N, Speranza E, Sheng X l, Wang Q, Rischke D H 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 052301 Google Scholar
[18]	Bhadury S, Florkowski W, Jaiswal A, Kumar A, Ryblewski R 2021 Phys. Lett. B 814 136096 Google Scholar
[19]	Peng H H, Zhang J J, Sheng X L, Wang Q 2021 Chin. Phys. Lett. 38 116701 Google Scholar
[20]	Hongo M, Huang X G, Kaminski M, Stephanov M, Yee H U 2021 JHEP 11 150
[21]	Weickgenannt N, Wagner D, Speranza E, Rischke D H 2022 Phys. Rev. D 106 096014 Google Scholar
[22]	Sinova J, Valenzuela S O, Wunderlich J, Back C H, Jungwirth T 2015 Rev. Mod. Phys. 87 1213 Google Scholar
[23]	Kane C L, Mele E J 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 226801 Google Scholar
[24]	Liu S Y F, Yin Y 2021 JHEP 07 188
[25]	Becattini F, Buzzegoli M, Palermo A 2021 Phys. Lett. B 820 136519 Google Scholar
[26]	Lin S, Wang Z 2022 JHEP 12 030
[27]	Liu S Y F, Yin Y 2021 Phys. Rev. D 104 054043 Google Scholar
[28]	Becattini F 2022 Rep. Prog. Phys. 85 122301 Google Scholar
[29]	Wagner D, Weickgenannt N, Speranza E 2023 Phys. Rev. Res. 5 013187 Google Scholar
[30]	Fu B, Liu S Y F, Pang L, Song H, Yin Y 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 142301 Google Scholar
[31]	Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams J R, et al. 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 132301 Google Scholar
[32]	Becattini F, Buzzegoli M, Inghirami G, Karpenko I, Palermo A 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 272302 Google Scholar
[33]	Acharya S, Adamová D, Adler A, et al. 2022 Phys. Rev. Lett. 128 172005 Google Scholar
[34]	Becattini F, Karpenko I, Lisa M, Upsal I, Voloshin S 2017 Phys. Rev. C 95 054902 Google Scholar
[35]	Yang Y G, Fang R H, Wang Q, Wang X N 2018 Phys. Rev. C 97 034917 Google Scholar
[36]	Xia X L, Li H, Huang X G, Zhong H H 2021 Phys. Lett. B 817 136325 Google Scholar
[37]	Sheng X L, Oliva L, Wang Q 2020 Phys. Rev. D 101 096005 Google Scholar
[38]	Müller B, Müller B, Yang D L, Yang D L 2022 Phys. Rev. D 105 L011901 [Erratum: 2022 Phys. Rev. D 106 039904]
[39]	Liang Z T, Wang X N 2005 Phys. Lett. B 629 20 Google Scholar

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强相互作用物质中的自旋与运动关联