不同力学激励形式探索La基非晶合金微观结构非均匀性

张剑; 郝奇; 张浪渟; 乔吉超

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20231421

摘要

非晶合金力学行为与其微观结构非均匀性之间本征关联, 是固体力学研究领域至今未能很好解决的重要科学问题之一. 单一力学激励形式并不能有效地描述非晶合金微观结构非均匀性, 特别是结构与动力学的关联. 如何探索非晶合金结构信息, 须将诸多因素综合, 在不同力学激励下研究非晶合金微观结构非均匀性与变形机理. 本研究以La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄非晶合金为模型体系, 利用动态力学分析仪研究非晶合金动态弛豫行为. 基于准点缺陷模型, 对模型合金体系α弛豫和β弛豫进行了分离. 借助于拉伸应变率跳实验, 探索非晶合金高温流变行为. 确定非晶合金塑性流变过程中弹性、滞弹性以及塑性变形的贡献. 本研究从非晶合金动态力学弛豫行为和宏观塑性流变行为出发, 尝试揭示微观非均匀性对非晶合金在不同激励形式中缺陷的激活、扩展和融合的物理本质.

关键词:

Abstract

The intrinsic structural heterogeneity of amorphous alloy is closely related to the thermodynamics and dynamical behavior, such as relaxation/crystallization, glass transition and plastic deformation. However, the structural information is submerged into the meta-stable disordered long-range structure, which makes it very difficult to explore the structural heterogeneity of amorphous alloy. A mechanical excitation factor is insufficient to effectively describe the heterogeneity of the microstructure in amorphous alloy, particularly the correlation between structure and dynamics. To explore the essence of the structure in amorphous alloy, it is necessary to consider the different mechanical stimuli. La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄ amorphous alloy is selected as the model system, dynamic mechanical process is probed by dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The contributions of α relaxation process and β relaxation process are described in the framework of the quasi-point defect theory. Based on the quasi-point defect theory, the α-relaxation and β-relaxation in the La-based amorphous alloy are separated. Tensile strain rate jump measurements are conducted to study the high temperature rheological behavior of amorphous alloy. The contributions of elasticity, anelasticity, and plastic deformation during the homogeneous flow of amorphous alloy are determined within the framework of quasi-point defect theory. The present work aims to reveal the structural heterogeneities of amorphous alloys under the action of dynamics on various temporal scales. The physical background of the activation, propagation and coalescence of defects in amorphous alloy under different mechanical stimuli are reviewed.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

西北工业大学力学与土木建筑学院, 西安　710072

通信作者: 乔吉超, qjczy@nwpu.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 51971178, 52271153)和陕西省杰出青年基金(批准号: 2021JC-12)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China

Corresponding author: Qiao Ji-Chao, qjczy@nwpu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51971178, 52271153) and the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2021JC-12).

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参考文献

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施引文献

图 1 La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄非晶合金DSC曲线 (升温速率: 20 K/min) , 插图为非晶合金的XRD衍射图

Fig. 1. DSC curve of La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄ amorphous alloy (heating rate is 20 K/min), insert shows the XRD pattern of the amorphous alloy.

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图 2 La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄非晶合金归一化储能模量E'/E_u和损耗模量E''/E_u随温度演化

Fig. 2. Evolution of the normalized storage modulus and loss modulus with temperature of La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄ amorphous alloy.

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图 3 La基非晶合金在不同加载频率时损耗模量随温度演化, 插图为lnf与1000/T之间关系

Fig. 3. Evolution of the loss modulus with temperature in various frequency, insert shows the correlation between lnf and 1000/T.

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图 4 不同体系非晶合金的β弛豫名义激活能分布^[31–34], 图中点划线区域为经验公式$ {{E}}_{{\beta } } =(24\pm 2){RT}\text{g} $包围区域

Fig. 4. Evolution of the β relaxation at different amorphous alloys with the glass transition temperature^[31–34], dotted area in the figure is the area surrounded by empirical formula $ {{E}}_{{\beta } } =(24\pm 2) {R}{{T}}_{{\text{g} } }$.

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图 5 等温退火过程中归一化储能模量、损耗模量和内耗tanδ随退火时间的演化 (退火温度为373 K)

Fig. 5. Evolution of the normalized storage modulus, loss modulus and internal friction with annealing time in annealing process (annealing temperature is 373 K).

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图 6 铸态和退火态La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄非晶合金的归一化损耗模量随温度的演化

Fig. 6. Temperature dependent normalized loss modulus in La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄ amorphous alloy at different states: as-cast state and annealed state.

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图 7 (a) 铸态和退火态La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄非晶合金XRD衍射图; (b) 铸态和退火态La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄非晶合金蠕变曲线. 测试温度为390 K, 施加应力为60 MPa, 图中实线为KWW方程拟合曲线

Fig. 7. (a) XRD patterns of La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄ amorphous alloy with different states, as-cast state and annealed state; (b) creep deformation process of La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄ amorphous alloy with different states, as-cast state and annealed state. The measurement temperature is 373 K and the applied stress is 50 MPa, the solid lines denote KWW fitted curves.

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图 8 La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄非晶合金储能模量和损耗模量随温度的演化, 符号代表实验数据, 实线代表 (5b) 式计算数据

Fig. 8. Evolution of the normalized storage modulus and loss modulus with temperature of La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄ amorphous alloy. Symbols represent the experimental data, solid line represents the calculated data of the Eq. (5b).

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图 9 (a)单轴拉伸回复实验过程中La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄非晶合金的时间-真实应变曲线; (b)实验过程中La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄非晶合金的真实应力-真实应变曲线, 符号为实验数据, 曲线为(5a)式计算得到

Fig. 9. (a) True strain-tine curve of La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄ amorphous alloy in uniaxial tensile and recovery experiment; (b) true stress-true strain curve of La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄ amorphous alloy, symbols represent the experimental data, solid line represents the calculated data of Eq. (5a).

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图 10 La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄非晶合金在415 K时应变率跳跃拉伸实验真实应力-真实应变曲线

Fig. 10. True stress-true strain curve of La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄ amorphous alloy by strain jump tensile experiment at 415 K.

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图 11 La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄非晶合金在不同温度时名义黏度η随应变速率$ \dot{\varepsilon } $的关系

Fig. 11. Correlation between the nominal viscosity η and the strain rate $ \dot{\varepsilon } $ of La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄ amorphous alloy at different temperature.

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图 12 采用扩展指数方程(a)和QPD理论(b)描述La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄非晶合金归一化黏度主曲线 (参考温度为 405 K)

Fig. 12. Master curve of the normalized viscosity of La₆₂Cu₁₂Ni₁₂Al₁₄ amorphous alloy was described by the KWW equation (a) and QPD theory (b) (reference temperature is 405 K).

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[1]	Sun B A, Wang W H 2015 Prog. Mater. Sci. 74 211 Google Scholar
[2]	Greer A L 1995 Science 267 1947 Google Scholar
[3]	Wang W H 2012 Prog. Mater. Sci. 57 487 Google Scholar
[4]	Qiao J C, Wang Q, Pelletier J M, Kato H, Casalini R, Crespo D, Pineda E, Yao Y, Yang Y 2019 Prog. Mater. Sci. 104 250 Google Scholar
[5]	乔吉超, 张浪渟, 童钰, 吕国建, 郝奇, 陶凯 2022 力学进展 52 117 Google Scholar Qiao J C, Zhang L T, Tong Y, Lü G J, Hao Q, Tao K 2022 Adv. Mech. 52 117 Google Scholar
[6]	Liu Y H, Wang D, Nakajima K, Zhang W, Hirata A, Nishi T, Inoue A, Chen M W 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 125504 Google Scholar
[7]	Wagner H, Bedorf D, Kuechemann S, Schwabe M, Zhang B, Arnold W, Samwer K 2011 Nat. Mater. 10 439 Google Scholar
[8]	王峥, 汪卫华 2017 物理学报 66 176103 Google Scholar Wang Z, Wang W H 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 176103 Google Scholar
[9]	Johari G P 2002 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 307 317
[10]	Lu Z, Jiao W, Wang W H, Bai H Y 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 045501 Google Scholar
[11]	Zhu F, Nguyen H K, Song S X, Aji D P B, Hirata A, Wang H, Nakajima K, Chen M W 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 11516 Google Scholar
[12]	Yu H B, Shen X, Wang Z, Gu L, Wang W H, Bai H Y 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 015504 Google Scholar
[13]	Wang Z, Wen P, Huo L S, Bai H Y, Wang W H 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 121906 Google Scholar
[14]	Wang Q, Liu J J, Ye Y F, Liu T T, Wang S, Liu C T, Lu J, Yang Y 2017 Mater. Today 20 293 Google Scholar
[15]	Liang S Y, Zhang L T, Wang B, Wang Y J, Pineda E, Qiao J C 2024 Intermetallics 164 108115 Google Scholar
[16]	Liu S N, Wang L F, Ge J C, Wu Z D, Ke Y B, Li Q, Sun B A, Feng T, Wu Y, Wang J T 2020 Acta Mater. 200 42 Google Scholar
[17]	Fan Y, Iwashita T, Egami T 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 5083 Google Scholar
[18]	Wang N, Ding J, Yan F, Asta M, Ritchie R O, Li L 2018 npj Comput. Mater. 4 19 Google Scholar
[19]	Cohen M H, Turnbull D 1959 J. Chem. Phys. 31 1164 Google Scholar
[20]	Wang W H 2019 Prog. Mater. Sci. 106 100561 Google Scholar
[21]	汪卫华 2013 物理学进展 33 177 Wang W H 2013 Prog. Phys. 33 177
[22]	Argon A S, Kuo H Y 1979 Mat. Sci. Eng. 39 101 Google Scholar
[23]	Cavaille J, Perez J, Johari G 1989 Phys. Rev. B 39 2411 Google Scholar
[24]	Guo J, Joo S H, Pi D, Kim W, Song Y, Kim H S, Zhang X, Kong D 2019 Adv. Eng. Mater. 21 1800918 Google Scholar
[25]	Chang C, Zhang H P, Zhao R, Li F C, Luo P, Li M Z, Bai H Y 2022 Nat. Mater. 21 1240 Google Scholar
[26]	Yang Q, Peng S X, Wang Z, Yu H B 2020 Natl. Sci. Rev. 7 1896 Google Scholar
[27]	Yu H B, Samwer K, Wang W H, Bai H Y 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2204 Google Scholar
[28]	Qiao J C, Chen Y H, Casalini R, Pelletier J M, Yao Y 2019 J. Mater. Sci. Tech 35 982 Google Scholar
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[31]	Yu H B, Wang W H, Bai H Y, Samwer K 2014 Natl. Sci. Rev. 1 429 Google Scholar
[32]	Qiao J C, Pelletier J M 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 112 083528 Google Scholar
[33]	Hu L, Yue Y 2009 J. Phys. Chem. C 113 15001 Google Scholar
[34]	Zhang L T, Duan Y J, Crespo D, Pineda E, Wang Y J, Pelletier J M, Qiao J C 2021 Sci. China: Phys. , Mech. Astron. 64 1
[35]	Egami T, Poon S J, Zhang Z, Keppens V 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 024203 Google Scholar
[36]	Debenedetti P G, Stillinger F H 2001 Nature 410 259 Google Scholar
[37]	Wang Z, Wang W H 2019 Natl. Sci. Rev. 6 304 Google Scholar
[38]	Spaepen F 1977 Acta Metall. 25 407 Google Scholar
[39]	Argon A S 1979 Acta Metall. 27 47 Google Scholar
[40]	Falk M L, Langer J S 1998 Phys. Rev. E 57 7192 Google Scholar
[41]	Langer J S 2015 Phys. Rev. E 92 012318 Google Scholar
[42]	Huo L S, Zeng J F, Wang W H, Liu C T, Yang Y 2013 Acta Mater. 61 4329 Google Scholar
[43]	Ye J C, Lu J, Liu C T, Wang Q, Yang Y 2010 Nat. Mater. 9 619 Google Scholar
[44]	Palmer R G, Stein D L, Abrahams E, Anderson P W 1984 Phys. Rev. Lett. 53 958 Google Scholar
[45]	Gauthier C, Pelletier J M, David L, Vigier G, Perez J 2000 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 274 181 Google Scholar
[46]	Hao Q, Lü G J, Pineda E, Pelletier J M, Wang Y J, Yang Y, Qiao J C 2022 Int. J. Plast. 154 103288 Google Scholar
[47]	Makarov A S, Mitrofanov Y P, Konchakov R A, Kobelev N P, Csach K, Qiao J C, Khonik V A 2019 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 521 119474 Google Scholar
[48]	Hao Q, Qiao J C, Goncharova E V, Afonin G V, Liu M N, Cheng Y T, Khonik V 2020 Chin. Phys. B 29 086402 Google Scholar
[49]	Tao K, Khonik V A, Qiao J C 2023 Int. J. Mech. Sci. 240 107941 Google Scholar
[50]	Qiao J C, Pelletier J M 2012 Intermetallics 28 40 Google Scholar
[51]	Qiao J C, Casalini R, Pelletier J M 2014 J. Chem. Phys. 141 104510
[52]	Perez J, Cavaille J Y, Etienne S, Jourdan C 1988 Rev. Phys. Appl. 23 125 Google Scholar
[53]	Rinaldi R, Gaertner R, Chazeau L, Gauthier C 2011 Int. J. Nonlin. Mech 46 496 Google Scholar
[54]	Bruns M, Hassani M, Varnik F, Hassanpour A, Divinski S, Wilde G 2021 Phys. Rev. Res. 3 013234 Google Scholar
[55]	Zhang C, Qiao J C, Pelletier J M, Yao Y 2017 Intermetallics 86 88 Google Scholar
[56]	Kawamura Y, Inoue A 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 1114 Google Scholar
[57]	郝奇, 乔吉超, Pelletier J M 2020 力学学报 52 360 Google Scholar Hao Q, Qiao J C, Pelletier J M 2020 Acta Mech. Sin. 52 360 Google Scholar
[58]	Perez J 1998 Physics and Mechanics of Amorphous Polymers (Routledge, London) pp55–65
[59]	Pelletier J M, Van de Moortèle B, Lu I 2002 Mat. Sci. Eng. A 336 190 Google Scholar

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