浅海粗糙海底声散射建模及声场特性

汪磊; 黄益旺; 郭霖; 任超

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20231472

摘要

声散射是海洋声学的重要内容, 海底表面的不平整性形成的声散射是海洋中引起声传播起伏的原因之一. 针对海底表面粗糙度声散射问题, 建立了水平分层浅海波导中海底散射声场模型. 该模型将简正波理论与Lambert定律相结合. 基于该模型获得了散射声场声压的振幅与相位的统计分布, 并数值模拟了海底散射声场的强度及其空间相关系数, 实现了粗糙界面条件下海底散射声场预报, 揭示了散射声场空间特性随海底粗糙度的变化规律. 结果表明, 使用Lambert定律描述粗糙界面声散射时, 在海底粗糙度小于波长情况下, 随着空间距离的增大, 空间两个不同位置的散射声场的空间相关系数具有周期性振荡衰减的变化规律, 并且在垂直方向上, 振荡周期更大, 衰减更慢. 当粗糙度增大时, 水平和垂直相关系数振荡幅度逐渐增大, 水平相关系数振荡周期数逐渐减少, 在接收点逐渐靠近海底时, 垂直相关系数不再发生衰减, 这是海底声散射减弱的结果. 本文模型理论亦可推广到粗糙海面的声散射建模中. 对于非水平海底情况, 采用耦合简正波或绝热简正波理论进行声传播建模, 可以得到距离有关波导中粗糙界面的散射声场.

关键词:

Abstract

Acoustic scattering is an important part of ocean acoustics, and the acoustic scattering caused by the unevenness of the seafloor surface is one of the reasons for the fluctuation of acoustic propagation in the ocean. In order to solve the acoustic scattering problem of sea bottom surface roughness, normal wave theory is used to model the acoustic field. To simplify the problem, Lambert’s law is used to establish the seafloor rough scattering model in horizontal layered shallow sea waveguides, and the scattering field is assumed to be isotropic in the horizontal direction. Based on this model, the amplitude distribution and the phase distribution of the scattered sound pressure are obtained, and the intensity of the scattered sound field and its spatial correlation coefficient are simulated numerically. The prediction of the scattered sound field under rough interface conditions is realized, and the variation of the spatial characteristics of the scattered sound field with the roughness of the seafloor is revealed. The results show that when Lambert’s law is used to describe the rough interface acoustic scattering and when the seafloor roughness is smaller than the wavelength, the spatial correlation coefficient of the scattered sound field at two different positions in space has a change rule of periodic oscillation attenuation with the increase of spatial distance, and in the vertical direction, the oscillation period is larger and the attenuation is slower. When the roughness increases, the oscillation amplitude of the horizontal and the vertical correlation coefficient gradually increase, the oscillation period of the horizontal correlation coefficient gradually decreases, and the vertical correlation coefficient no longer attenuates in the direction near the seafloor, which is the result of the weakening of the seafloor acoustic scattering. The model theory in this paper can also be extended to the acoustic scattering modeling of rough sea surface. For the case of non-horizontal seabed, the scattered sound field of the rough interface in the waveguide can be obtained by using coupled normal wave or adiabatic normal wave theory.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
哈尔滨工程大学, 水声技术全国重点实验室, 哈尔滨　150001

2.
海洋信息获取与安全工信部重点实验室(哈尔滨工程大学), 工业和信息化部, 哈尔滨　150001

3.
哈尔滨工程大学水声工程学院, 哈尔滨　150001

4.
中国科学院声学研究所东海研究站, 上海　201815

通信作者: 黄益旺, huangyiwang@hrbeu.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 12074088)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
National Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China

2.
Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security (Harbin Engineering University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China

3.
College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China

4.
Shanghai Acoustics Laboratory, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201815, China

Corresponding author: Huang Yi-Wang, huangyiwang@hrbeu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12074088).

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	刘伯胜, 黄益旺, 陈文剑, 雷家煜 2019 水声学原理 (第三版) (北京: 科学出版社) 第341页 Liu B S, Huang Y W, Chen W J, Lei J Y 2019 Principles of Underwater Acoustics (3rd Ed.) (Beijing: Science Press) p341
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[20]	Schmidt P B 1971 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 50 326 Google Scholar
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[38]	任超, 黄益旺, 夏峙 2022 物理学报 71 024301 Google Scholar Ren C, Huang Y W, Xia Z 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 024301 Google Scholar

施引文献

图 1 海底界面分解示意图

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of submarine interface decomposition.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 海底散射角度关系图

Fig. 2. Angle relation diagram of seafloor scattering.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 海洋环境示意图

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of marine environment.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 散射声场声压振幅与相位统计分布图　(a) 振幅; (b) 相位

Fig. 4. Statistical distribution of the sound pressure amplitude and phase of scattered sound field: (a) Amplitude; (b) phase.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 散射声场强度对比　(a) Monte Carlo方法; (b) 统计处理方法

Fig. 5. Comparison of scattered sound field intensity: (a) Monte Carlo method; (b) statistical averaging methods.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 不同海底粗糙度下散射声场空间相关系数　(a) 水平方向; (b) 垂直方向

Fig. 6. Spatial correlation coefficient of scattered sound field under different seafloor roughness: (a) Horizontal direction; (b) vertical direction.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

[1]	刘伯胜, 黄益旺, 陈文剑, 雷家煜 2019 水声学原理 (第三版) (北京: 科学出版社) 第341页 Liu B S, Huang Y W, Chen W J, Lei J Y 2019 Principles of Underwater Acoustics (3rd Ed.) (Beijing: Science Press) p341
[2]	Urick R J 1954 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 26 231 Google Scholar
[3]	Urick R J, Saling D S 1962 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34 1721 Google Scholar
[4]	Barry W, Jackson D, Schultz J 1978 Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Tulsa, USA, April 10–12, 1978 p152
[5]	Jackson D R, Baird A M, Crisp J J 1986 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 80 1188 Google Scholar
[6]	Greaves R J, Stephen R A 1997 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 101 193 Google Scholar
[7]	Tang D, Jin G, Jackson D R 1994 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96 2930 Google Scholar
[8]	Tang D, Frisk G V, Sellers C J 1995 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 98 508 Google Scholar
[9]	Thorsos E I, Williams K L 2001 IEEE J. Oceanic. Eng. 26 4 Google Scholar
[10]	Thorsos E I, Williams K L, Tang D 2006 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120 3096 Google Scholar
[11]	Williams K L, Jackson D R, Tang D 2000 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108 2511 Google Scholar
[12]	Holland C W, Hollett R, Troiano L 2000 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108 997 Google Scholar
[13]	Williams K L, Jackson D R, Tang D 2009 IEEE. J. Oceanic. Eng. 34 388 Google Scholar
[14]	Pecknold S, Binder C M, Badiey M 2019 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 146 2796 Google Scholar
[15]	Yu S, Liu B, Yu K 2021 Proceedings of IEEE/OES China Ocean Acoustics (COA) Harbin, China, July 14–17, 2021 p86
[16]	Hines P C, Osler J C, MacDougald D J 2005 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117 3504 Google Scholar
[17]	La H, Choi J W 2010 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 127 160 Google Scholar
[18]	Hefner B T, Hodgkiss W S 2018 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 144 1948 Google Scholar
[19]	布列霍夫斯基Л М 著 (山东省海洋学院海洋物理系, 中国科学院声学研究所水声研究室译) 1983 海洋声学 (北京: 科学出版社) 第365—367页 Бреховских Л М (translated by Department of Oceanophysics Shandong College of Oceanology, Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Science) 1983 Fundamentals of Ocean acoustics (Beijing: Science Press) pp365–367
[20]	Schmidt P B 1971 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 50 326 Google Scholar
[21]	Ellis D D, Crowe D V 1991 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 89 2207 Google Scholar
[22]	Caruthers J W, Novarini J C 1993 IEEE. J. Oceanic. Eng. 18 100 Google Scholar
[23]	侯倩男, 吴金荣 2019 物理学报 68 044301 Google Scholar Hou Q N, Wu J R 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 044301 Google Scholar
[24]	Jackson D R, Winebrenner D P, Ishimaru A 1986 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 79 1410 Google Scholar
[25]	Kuo E Y T 1964 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 36 2135 Google Scholar
[26]	Kuperman W A, Schmidt H 1986 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 79 1967 Google Scholar
[27]	Kuo E Y T 1992 IEEE J. Oceanic. Eng. 17 159 Google Scholar
[28]	Essen H H 1994 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 95 1299 Google Scholar
[29]	Broschat S L, Thorsos E I 1997 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 101 2615 Google Scholar
[30]	Gragg R F, Wurmser D, Gauss R C 2001 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110 2878 Google Scholar
[31]	Soukup R J, Canepa G, Simpson H J 2007 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122 2551 Google Scholar
[32]	Jackson D 2013 Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics Montreal, Canada, June 2−7, 2013 p070001
[33]	Jackson D, Olson D R 2020 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 147 56 Google Scholar
[34]	汪德昭, 尚尔昌2013 水声学 (第二版) (北京: 科学出版社) 第297页 Wang D Z, Shang E C 2013 Hydroacoustics (2nd Ed.) (Beijing: Science Press) p297
[35]	Grigor’ev V A, Kuz’kin V M, Petnikov B G 2004 Acoust. Phys. 50 37 Google Scholar
[36]	Grigor’ev V A, Katsnel’son B G, Kuz’kin V M 2001 Acoust. Phys. 47 35 Google Scholar
[37]	McKinney C M, Anderson C D 1964 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 36 158 Google Scholar
[38]	任超, 黄益旺, 夏峙 2022 物理学报 71 024301 Google Scholar Ren C, Huang Y W, Xia Z 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 024301 Google Scholar

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浅海粗糙海底声散射建模及声场特性