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强度调制宽带激光对受激拉曼散射动理学爆发的抑制

刘庆康 张旭 蔡洪波 张恩浩 高妍琦 朱少平

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强度调制宽带激光对受激拉曼散射动理学爆发的抑制

刘庆康, 张旭, 蔡洪波, 张恩浩, 高妍琦, 朱少平

Suppression of stimulated Raman scattering kinetic bursts by intensity-modulated broadband laser

Liu Qing-Kang, Zhang Xu, Cai Hong-Bo, Zhang En-Hao, Gao Yan-Qi, Zhu Shao-Ping
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  • 激光等离子体不稳定性是困扰惯性约束聚变的难题之一. 宽带激光作为抑制激光等离子体不稳定性的有效手段, 近年来受到广泛关注. 然而, 宽带激光在动理学区域驱动的受激拉曼散射等高频不稳定性存在非线性爆发, 使抑制效果不及预期. 本文提出一种外加强度调制的宽带激光模型. 通过选择适当的强度调制包络, 能够打断背散光在强脉冲中的放大过程, 降低高强度脉冲诱发剧烈爆发的概率, 并大幅减少背散光份额和热电子产额. 数值模拟表明, 强度调制激光对受激拉曼散射具有较好的抑制能力. 对于平均功率为$ 1.0\times {10}^{15}~{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{c}}{{\mathrm{m}}}^{2} $, 带宽为0.6%的二倍频宽带激光, 使用强度调制技术后, 反射率下降了1个数量级, 20 keV以上热电子能量份额也由7.34%下降至0.31%. 上述研究证实了使用强度调制宽带激光抑制高频不稳定性的可行性, 并有望为后续宽带激光驱动聚变实验设计提供参考.
    Laser plasma instability is one of the difficulties that plague inertial confinement fusion. Broadband laser, as an effective tool for suppressing laser-plasma instabilities, has received a lot of attention in recent years. However, the nonlinear bursts of high-frequency instabilities, such as stimulated Raman scattering driven by broadband laser in the kinetic regime, make the suppression effect less than expected. In this study, a broadband laser model with intensity modulation is proposed. By choosing an appropriate intensity modulation envelope, it is possible to interrupt the amplification process of backscattered light in strong pulses, reduce the probability of high-intensity pulses inducing intense bursts, and drastically reduce the fraction of backscattered light and hot electron yield. Numerical simulations show that the intensity-modulated laser has a good ability to suppress stimulated Raman scattering. For a broadband laser with average power of $ 1.0 \times {10}^{15}\;{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{c}}{{\mathrm{m}}}^{2} $ and a bandwidth of 0.6%, the reflectivity decreases by an order of magnitude and the fraction of hot electron energy above 20 keV decreases from 7.34% to 0.31% by using the intensity modulation technique. The above results confirm the feasibility of using the intensity-modulated broadband laser to suppress the high-frequency instability and are expected to provide a reference for designing the subsequent broadband laser-driven fusion experiments.
      通信作者: 蔡洪波, cai_hongbo@iapcm.ac.cn ; 朱少平, zhu_shaoping@iapcm.ac.cn
    • 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(批准号: 2022YFA1603204)和国家自然科学基金(批准号: 12325510, 12235014, 11975055)资助的课题.
      Corresponding author: Cai Hong-Bo, cai_hongbo@iapcm.ac.cn ; Zhu Shao-Ping, zhu_shaoping@iapcm.ac.cn
    • Funds: Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFA1603204) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12325510, 12235014, 11975055).
    [1]

    Liu C S, Tripathi V K, Eliasson B 2020 High-Power Laser-Plasma Interaction (1st Ed.) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

    [2]

    Montgomery D S 2016 Phys. Plasmas 23 055601Google Scholar

    [3]

    Hurricane O A, Patel P K, Betti R, Froula D H, Regan S P, Slutz S A, Gomez M R, Sweeney M A 2023 Rev. Mod. Phys. 95 025005Google Scholar

    [4]

    Albright B J, Yin L, Afeyan B 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 045002Google Scholar

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    Chen Y, Zheng C Y, Liu Z J 2023 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 65 125002Google Scholar

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    Liu Z, Ma H, Wang W, Li X, Wang P, Wang C, Yew S H, Weng S M, Sheng Z M, Zhang J 2023 Nucl. Fusion 63 126010Google Scholar

    [7]

    Zhao Y, Yu L L, Zheng J, Weng S M, Ren C, Liu C S, Sheng Z M 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 052119Google Scholar

    [8]

    Zhao Y, Weng S, Chen M, Zheng J, Zhuo H, Sheng Z 2017 Matter Radiat. Extrem. 2 190Google Scholar

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    Zhao Y, Weng S, Sheng Z, Zhu J 2019 Plasma Phys. Controlled. Fusion 61 115008Google Scholar

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    Zhao Y, Weng S M, Ma H H, Bai X J, Sheng Z M 2022 Rev. Mod. Plasma Phys. 7 1Google Scholar

    [11]

    Follett R K, Shaw J G, Myatt J F, Dorrer C, Froula D H, Palastro J P 2019 Phys. Plasmas 26 062111Google Scholar

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    Follett R K, Shaw J G, Myatt J F, Wen H, Froula D H, Palastro J P 2021 Phys. Plasmas 28 032103Google Scholar

    [13]

    Zhou H Y, Xiao C Z, Zou D B, Li X Z, Yin Y, Shao F Q, Zhuo H B 2018 Phys. Plasmas 25 062703Google Scholar

    [14]

    Wen H, Follett R K, Maximov A V, Froula D H, Tsung F S, Palastro J P 2021 Phys. Plasmas 28 042109Google Scholar

    [15]

    Liu Q K, Zhang E H, Zhang W S, Cai H B, Gao Y Q, Wang Q, Zhu S P 2022 Phys. Plasmas 29 102105Google Scholar

    [16]

    Gao Y, Cui Y, Ji L, Rao D, Zhao X, Li F, Liu D, Feng W, Xia L, Liu J, Shi H, Du P, Liu J, Li X, Wang T, Zhang T, Shan C, Hua Y, Ma W, Sun X, Chen X, Huang X, Zhu J, Pei W, Sui Z, Fu S 2020 Matter Radiat. Extrem. 5 065201Google Scholar

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    Thomson J J 1974 Phys. Fluids 17 1608Google Scholar

    [18]

    Ma H H, Li X F, Weng S M, Yew S H, Kawata S, Gibbon P, Sheng Z M, Zhang J 2021 Matter Radiat. Extrem. 6 055902Google Scholar

    [19]

    Guo Y, Zhang X, Xu D, Guo X, Shen B, Lan K 2023 Matter Radiat. Extrem. 8 035902Google Scholar

    [20]

    Goodman J W 2015 Statistical Optics (2nd Ed.) (Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley) p516

    [21]

    Kline J L, Montgomery D S, Yin L, DuBois D F, Albright B J, Bezzerides B, Cobble J A, Dodd E S, Fernández J C, Johnson R P, Kindel J M, Rose H A 2 0006 Phys. Plasmas 13 055906Google Scholar

    [22]

    Wang Y X, Wang Q, Zheng C Y, Liu Z J, Liu C S, He X T 2018 Phys. Plasmas 25 100702Google Scholar

    [23]

    O’Neil T 1965 Phys. Fluids 8 2255Google Scholar

    [24]

    Yin L, Albright B J, Rose H A, Bowers K J, Bergen B, Kirkwood R K, Hinkel D E, Langdon A B, Michel P, Montgomery D S, Kline J L 2012 Phys. Plasmas 19 056304Google Scholar

    [25]

    Afeyan B, Hüller S 2013 EPJ Web Conf. 59 05009Google Scholar

    [26]

    Hüller S, Afeyan B 2013 EPJ Web Conf. 59 05010Google Scholar

    [27]

    Cai H bo, Yan X xin, Yao P lin, Zhu S ping 2021 Matter Radiat. Extrem. 6 035901Google Scholar

  • 图 1  宽带激光的时域统计特性 (a) 宽带激光的强度包络示意图; (b) 不同带宽激光的单个短脉冲时长分布; (c) 不同带宽激光的脉冲峰值强度分布. 其中, 纵轴代表宽带激光物理量的核密度函数分布估计(kernel density estimation, KDE)

    Fig. 1.  Statistical properties of the broadband laser: (a) Intensity envelope of a broadband laser; (b) pulse duration ($ {{\Delta }}{t}_{{\mathrm{p}}} $) distribution for lasers with different bandwidths; (c) peak pulse intensity ($ {I}_{{\mathrm{p}}} $) distribution for lasers with different bandwidths. The vertical axis represents the kernel density estimation (KDE) of the physical quantities of the broadband laser.

    图 2  SRS动理学爆发中的背散光放大过程示意图

    Fig. 2.  Schematic of back-scattered light amplification process in SRS kinetic bursts.

    图 3  强度调制宽带激光示意图 (a) 三种不同调制方案的强度包络; (b) 带宽为0.6%的宽带激光和使用50-100强度调制后的宽带激光电场包络对照

    Fig. 3.  Schematic diagram of an intensity-modulated broadband laser: (a) Intensity envelopes for three different modulation schemes; (b) comparison of the electric field envelopes of a 0.6% bandwidth broadband laser and a broadband laser after using 50-100 intensity modulation.

    图 4  四种激光驱动下, 电子等离子体波时空演化图对照 (a) 单色激光驱动下的EPW演化过程; (b) 宽带激光驱动下的EPW演化过程; (c) 单色激光和宽带激光激发EPW的频谱; (d) 强度调制单色激光驱动下的EPW演化过程; (e) 强度调制宽带激光驱动下的EPW演化过程; (f) 强度调制单色激光/宽带激光激发EPW的频谱

    Fig. 4.  Comparison of the spatio-temporal evolution of EPWs under four laser drives: (a) EPWs driven by a monochromatic laser; (b) EPWs driven by a broadband laser; (c) spectra of EPWs driven by the monochromatic laser and the broadband laser; (d) EPWs driven by an intensity-modulated monochromatic laser; (e) EPWs driven by an intensity-modulated broadband laser; (f) spectra of EPWs driven by the intensity-modulated monochromatic/broadband laser.

    图 5  到达模拟左边界的背散光电场随时间演化 (a) 单色激光驱动下的SRS背散光; (b)宽带激光驱动下的SRS背散光; (c) 强度调制单色激光驱动下的SRS背散光; (d) 强度调制宽带激光驱动下的SRS背散光

    Fig. 5.  Electric field of back-scattered light observed at the left boundary of the simulation box: (a) SRS back-scattered light driven by a monochromatic laser; (b) SRS back-scattered light driven by a broadband laser; (c) SRS back-scattered light driven by an intensity-modulated monochromatic laser; (d) SRS back-scattered light driven by an intensity-modulated broadband laser.

    图 6  热电子统计分析图 (a) 四种激光在模拟结束时的电子分布函数; (b) 四种激光在模拟中产生热电子的份额, 通过分布函数与初始麦氏分布函数作差给出

    Fig. 6.  Electron energy distribution in the simulations: (a) Electron distribution functions for the four lasers at $ 3000{\tau }_{0} $; (b) the fraction of hot electrons produced by the four lasers, given by the difference of the distribution function from the initial Maxwell distribution function.

  • [1]

    Liu C S, Tripathi V K, Eliasson B 2020 High-Power Laser-Plasma Interaction (1st Ed.) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

    [2]

    Montgomery D S 2016 Phys. Plasmas 23 055601Google Scholar

    [3]

    Hurricane O A, Patel P K, Betti R, Froula D H, Regan S P, Slutz S A, Gomez M R, Sweeney M A 2023 Rev. Mod. Phys. 95 025005Google Scholar

    [4]

    Albright B J, Yin L, Afeyan B 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 045002Google Scholar

    [5]

    Chen Y, Zheng C Y, Liu Z J 2023 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 65 125002Google Scholar

    [6]

    Liu Z, Ma H, Wang W, Li X, Wang P, Wang C, Yew S H, Weng S M, Sheng Z M, Zhang J 2023 Nucl. Fusion 63 126010Google Scholar

    [7]

    Zhao Y, Yu L L, Zheng J, Weng S M, Ren C, Liu C S, Sheng Z M 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 052119Google Scholar

    [8]

    Zhao Y, Weng S, Chen M, Zheng J, Zhuo H, Sheng Z 2017 Matter Radiat. Extrem. 2 190Google Scholar

    [9]

    Zhao Y, Weng S, Sheng Z, Zhu J 2019 Plasma Phys. Controlled. Fusion 61 115008Google Scholar

    [10]

    Zhao Y, Weng S M, Ma H H, Bai X J, Sheng Z M 2022 Rev. Mod. Plasma Phys. 7 1Google Scholar

    [11]

    Follett R K, Shaw J G, Myatt J F, Dorrer C, Froula D H, Palastro J P 2019 Phys. Plasmas 26 062111Google Scholar

    [12]

    Follett R K, Shaw J G, Myatt J F, Wen H, Froula D H, Palastro J P 2021 Phys. Plasmas 28 032103Google Scholar

    [13]

    Zhou H Y, Xiao C Z, Zou D B, Li X Z, Yin Y, Shao F Q, Zhuo H B 2018 Phys. Plasmas 25 062703Google Scholar

    [14]

    Wen H, Follett R K, Maximov A V, Froula D H, Tsung F S, Palastro J P 2021 Phys. Plasmas 28 042109Google Scholar

    [15]

    Liu Q K, Zhang E H, Zhang W S, Cai H B, Gao Y Q, Wang Q, Zhu S P 2022 Phys. Plasmas 29 102105Google Scholar

    [16]

    Gao Y, Cui Y, Ji L, Rao D, Zhao X, Li F, Liu D, Feng W, Xia L, Liu J, Shi H, Du P, Liu J, Li X, Wang T, Zhang T, Shan C, Hua Y, Ma W, Sun X, Chen X, Huang X, Zhu J, Pei W, Sui Z, Fu S 2020 Matter Radiat. Extrem. 5 065201Google Scholar

    [17]

    Thomson J J 1974 Phys. Fluids 17 1608Google Scholar

    [18]

    Ma H H, Li X F, Weng S M, Yew S H, Kawata S, Gibbon P, Sheng Z M, Zhang J 2021 Matter Radiat. Extrem. 6 055902Google Scholar

    [19]

    Guo Y, Zhang X, Xu D, Guo X, Shen B, Lan K 2023 Matter Radiat. Extrem. 8 035902Google Scholar

    [20]

    Goodman J W 2015 Statistical Optics (2nd Ed.) (Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley) p516

    [21]

    Kline J L, Montgomery D S, Yin L, DuBois D F, Albright B J, Bezzerides B, Cobble J A, Dodd E S, Fernández J C, Johnson R P, Kindel J M, Rose H A 2 0006 Phys. Plasmas 13 055906Google Scholar

    [22]

    Wang Y X, Wang Q, Zheng C Y, Liu Z J, Liu C S, He X T 2018 Phys. Plasmas 25 100702Google Scholar

    [23]

    O’Neil T 1965 Phys. Fluids 8 2255Google Scholar

    [24]

    Yin L, Albright B J, Rose H A, Bowers K J, Bergen B, Kirkwood R K, Hinkel D E, Langdon A B, Michel P, Montgomery D S, Kline J L 2012 Phys. Plasmas 19 056304Google Scholar

    [25]

    Afeyan B, Hüller S 2013 EPJ Web Conf. 59 05009Google Scholar

    [26]

    Hüller S, Afeyan B 2013 EPJ Web Conf. 59 05010Google Scholar

    [27]

    Cai H bo, Yan X xin, Yao P lin, Zhu S ping 2021 Matter Radiat. Extrem. 6 035901Google Scholar

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2023-10-21
  • 修回日期:  2023-11-19
  • 上网日期:  2023-12-05
  • 刊出日期:  2024-03-05

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