铁砷化物超导体的自旋激发谱

李泽众; 洪文山; 谢涛; 刘畅; 罗会仟

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20241534

摘要

铁基超导体的多结构体系和丰富的磁性物理为理解非常规超导微观机理提供了广阔的平台, 其中自旋涨落被认为是超导配对的最可能媒介. 本文以铁砷化物超导体为例, 系统总结了铁基超导体自旋激发谱的非弹性中子散射研究结果, 并探讨了相关的普适规律; 重点介绍了铁砷化物超导体中低能自旋激发与超导电性的直接联系, 即中子自旋共振模的行为, 以及高能自旋激发谱的色散关系、强度分布、总体磁矩等特征, 并充分比较了与铜氧化物高温超导体的异同.

关键词:

Abstract

Spin fluctuations are often considered the most likely candidates for superconducting electron pairing media in unconventional superconductors. The iron-based superconductors provide a wide range of opportunities for studying the mechanism of unconventional superconductivity, as they have many systems with different structures and rich magnetisms. Taking the iron pnictide superconductors for example, this review summarizes the inelastic neutron scattering results of the spin excitation spectrum of iron-based superconductors, especially for their common features.Firstly, we introduce the direct connection between the low-energy spin excitations and superconductivity, which is so called the neutron spin resonance mode. This mode widely exists in the superconducting states of all iron-based superconductors, where the resonance energy E_R is linearly proportional to the critical temperature T_c: E_R = 4.9k_BT_c, and it has a universal c-axis preferred characteristic. The in-plane dispersion of spin resonance mode is not limited by the superconducting energy gap, which is in contrast to the traditional spin exciton model. The out-of plane dispersion of spin resonance mode is determined by the Fe-As interplanar distance, indicating that the three-dimensional spin correlation effect cannot be ignored, which may be the key to clarifying the role of spin fluctuations in superconductivity.Secondly, we summarize the energy dispersion, intensity distribution, and total fluctuating moment for high energy spin excitations. Although the Heisenberg model can roughly describe the similar dispersions in different systems based on the anisotropic in-plane nearest neighbor effective exchange couplings and the similar second nearest neighbor effective exchange coupling, the correlated Hubbard model based on itinerant magnetism can more accurately describe the spin wave behavior after degeneracy, thus the spin excitations are more likely to be understood from the perspective of itinerant magnetism. The spin excitation intensity varies greatly with energy in different systems, indicating a competitive relationship between itinerant and localized magnetic interactions. However, the total fluctuating moments are generally the same, indicating that the effective spin S = 1/2. The spin excitation bandwidth is in a range of 100–200 meV, probably is correlated with the height of As away from the Fe-Fe plane.Finally, we make a comprehensive comparison of the spin excitations in iron-based superconductors and copper oxide superconductors. The spin excitation spectra of iron-based superconductors have much richer physics than cuprates, due to the complex physics of multiple orbitals, Fermi surfaces, and energy gaps. These phenomena lead to the diversity of spin excitations, especially the prominent three-dimensional spin correlation effect. This indicates that interlayer pairing and intra layer pairing driven by spin interactions are equally important and must be fully considered in microscopic theories of high-T_c superconductivity.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
中国科学院物理研究所, 北京　100190

2.
中国科学院大学, 北京　100049

3.
中山大学物理学院, 广州　510275

通信作者: 罗会仟, hqluo@iphy.ac.cn

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(批准号: 2023YFA1406100, 2018YFA0704200)和中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(批准号: XDB25000000, XDB33000000, GJTD-2020-01)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

3.
School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China

Corresponding author: LUO Huiqian, hqluo@iphy.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2023YFA1406100, 2018YFA0704200) and the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. XDB25000000, XDB33000000, GJTD-2020-01).

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施引文献

图 1 (a) Fe离子构成的磁晶胞及交换耦合能; (b)简明电子态相图; (c)电子型掺杂体系的低能自旋激发的动量分布; (d)空穴型掺杂体系的低能自旋激发的动量分布, 其中虚线为第一布里渊区

Fig. 1. (a) Magnetic unit cell and exchange couplings; (b) illustration of phase diagram; (c) low-energy spin excitations in electron-doped compounds, (d) low-energy spin excitations in hole-doped compounds, the dashed box is the first Brillouin zone.

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图 2 铁基超导体中自旋共振能量E_R与临界温度T_c的线性标度关系^[78]

Fig. 2. Linear scaling relationship between the resonance energy E_R and critical temperature T_c in iron-based superconductors^[78].

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图 3 铜基和铁基超导体中自旋共振模面内色散与超导能隙的关系^[78]

Fig. 3. Relationship between the energy dispersion of the spin resonance mode and the superconducting gap in cuprates and iron-based superconductors^[78].

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图 4 CaK(Fe_1–xNi_x)₄As₄中自旋涡旋涨落与c方向择优的自旋共振模^[77]

Fig. 4. Spin-vortex fluctuations and c-axis preferred spin resonance mode in CaK(Fe_1–xNi_x)₄As₄^[77].

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图 5 铁基超导体中自旋共振三维色散与Fe-As面间距d的标度关系^[140]

Fig. 5. Scaling relationship between the 3D energy dispersion of the spin resonance mode and the Fe-As interlayer distance d ^[140].

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图 6 Ca_0.82La_0.18Fe_0.96Ni_0.04As₂中不同能量窗口的自旋激发谱图^[142]

Fig. 6. Energy slice of the spin excitations in Ca_0.82La_0.18Fe_0.96Ni_0.04As₂ at different energy windows^[142].

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图 7 (a)自旋激发谱色散关系; (b)自旋激发强度的能量分布

Fig. 7. (a) Dispersion of spin excitations; (b) energy dependence of spin excitations.

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图 8 (a)自旋激发谱积分强度; (b)自旋激发谱的带宽对比

Fig. 8. (a) Total fluctuations strength of spin excitations; (b) band width of spin excitation in different compounds.

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