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Cavity optomechanics originated from the research of interferometric detection of gravitational waves, and later became a fast-growing area of techniques and approaches ranging from the fields of atomic, molecular, and optical physics to nano-science and condensed matter physics as well. Recently, it focused on the exploration of operating mechanical oscillators deep in the quantum regime, with an interest ranging from quantum-classical interface tests to high-precision quantum metrology. In this paper, recent theoretical work of our group in the field of quantum measurement with cavity optomechanical systems is reviewed. We explore the quantum measurement theory and its applications with several unconventional cavity optomechanical schemes working in the quantum regime. This review covers the basics of quantum noises in the cavity optomechanical setups and the resulting standard quantum limit of precision displacement and force measurement. Three novel quantum measurement proposals based on the hybrid optomechanical system are introduced. First, we describe a quantum back-action insulated weak force sensor. It is realized by forming a quantum-mechanics-free subsystem with two optomechanical oscillators of reversed effective mass. Then we introduce a role-reversed atomic optomechanical system which enables the preparation and the quantum tomography of a variety of non-classical states of atoms. In this system, the cavity field acts as a mechanical oscillator driven by the radiation pressure force from an ultracold atomic field. In the end, we recommend a multimode optomechanical transducer that can detect intensities significantly below the single-photon level via adiabatic transfer of the microwave signal to the optical frequency domain. These proposals demonstrate the possible applications of optomechanical devices in understanding of quantum-classical crossover and in achieving quantum measurement limit.
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Keywords:
- cavity optomechanics /
- quantum measurement back-action /
- quantum tomography /
- single-photon-level microwave
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[26] Zhang K Y, Meystre P, Zhang W P 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 240405
[27] Brennecke F, Ritter S, Donner T, Esslinger T 2008 Science 322 235
[28] Mancini S, Ma'nko V I, Tombesi P 1997 Phys. Rev. A 55 3042
[29] Bose S, Jacobs K, Knight P L 1997 Phys. Rev. A 56 4175
[30] Gross C, Strobel H, Nicklas E, Zibold T, Bar-Gill N, Kurizki G, Oberthaler M K 2011 Nature 480 219
[31] Komiyama S, Astafiev O, Antonov V, Kutsuwa T, Hirai H 2000 Nature 403 405
[32] Houck A A, Schuster D I, Gambetta J M, et al. 2007 Nature 449 328
[33] Guerlin C, Bernu J, Deleglise S, et al. 2007 Nature 448 889
[34] Bozyigit D, Lang C, Steffen L, et al. 2011 Nat. Phys. 7 154
[35] Chunnilall C J, Degiovanni I P, Kück S, Müller I, Sinclair A G 2014 Opt. Eng. 53 081910
[36] Wang Y D, Clerk A A 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 153603
[37] Tian L 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 153604
[38] Andrews R W, Peterson R W, Purdy T P, et al. 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 321
[39] Bochmann J, Vainsencher A, Awschalom D D, Cleland A N 2013 Nat. Phys. 9 712
[40] Zhang K Y, Bariani F, Dong Y, Zhang W P, Meystre P 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 113601
[41] Andrews R W, Peterson R W, Purdy T P, et al. 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 321
[42] Bochmann J, Vainsencher A, Awschalom D D, Cleland A N 2013 Nat. Phys. 9 712
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[1] Yuan C H, Zhang K Y, Zhang W P 2014 Sci. China Inform. Sci. 44 345 (in Chinese) [袁春华, 张可烨, 张卫平 2014 中国科学:信息科学 44 345]
[2] Braginsky V B, Vorontsov Y L, Thorne K S 1980 Science 209 547
[3] Caves C M, et al. 1980 Rev. Mod. Phys. 52 341
[4] Aspelmeyer M, Kippenberg T J, Marquardt F 2014 Rev. Mod. Phys. 86 1391
[5] Marquardt F, Girvin S M 2009 Physics 2 40
[6] Meystre P 2013 Ann. Phys. 525 215
[7] Krause A G, Winger M, Blasius T D, Lin Q, Painter O 2012 Nat. Photon. 6 768
[8] Forstner S, Prams S, Knittel J, van Ooijen E D, Swaim J D, Harris G I, Szorkovszky A, Bowen W P, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 120801
[9] Murch K W, Moore K L, Gupta S, Stamper-Kurn D M 2008 Nat. Phys. 4 561
[10] Caves C M 1981 Phys. Rev. D 23 1693
[11] Hoff U B, Harris G I, Madsen L S, Kerdoncuff H, Lassen M, Nielsen B M, Bowen W P, Andersen U L 2013 Opt. Lett. 38 1413
[12] Aasi J, et al. 2013 Nat. Photon. 7 613
[13] Mancini S, Vitali D, Tombesi P 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 688
[14] Zhang W P, et al. 2014 Advances in Quantum Optics (Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) p132 (in Chinese) [张卫平 等 2014 量子光学研究前沿 (上海: 上海交通大学出版社) 第132页]
[15] Braginsky V B, Khalili F Y 1992 Quantum Measurement (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
[16] Clerk A A, Devoret M H, Girvin S M, Marquardt F, Schoelkopf R J 2010 Rev. Mod. Phys. 82 1155
[17] Milburn G J, Woolley M J
[18] Schliesser A, Arcizet O, Riviere R, Kippenberg T J 2009 Nat. Phys. 5 509
[19] Tsang M, Caves C M
[20] Zhang K Y, Meystre P, Zhang W P 2013 Phys. Rev. A 88 043632
[21] Clerk A A, Marquardt F, Jacobs K 2008 New J. Phys. 10 95010
[22] Fink J M, Steffen L, Studer P, et al. 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 163601
[23] Hammerer K, Aspelmeyer M, Polzik E S, Zoller P 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 020501
[24] Leibfried D, Meekhof D M, King B E, Monroe C, Itano W M, Wineland D J 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 4281
[25] Deléglise S, Dotsenko I, Sayrin C, Bernu J, Brune M, Raimond J M, Haroche S 2008 Nature 455 510
[26] Zhang K Y, Meystre P, Zhang W P 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 240405
[27] Brennecke F, Ritter S, Donner T, Esslinger T 2008 Science 322 235
[28] Mancini S, Ma'nko V I, Tombesi P 1997 Phys. Rev. A 55 3042
[29] Bose S, Jacobs K, Knight P L 1997 Phys. Rev. A 56 4175
[30] Gross C, Strobel H, Nicklas E, Zibold T, Bar-Gill N, Kurizki G, Oberthaler M K 2011 Nature 480 219
[31] Komiyama S, Astafiev O, Antonov V, Kutsuwa T, Hirai H 2000 Nature 403 405
[32] Houck A A, Schuster D I, Gambetta J M, et al. 2007 Nature 449 328
[33] Guerlin C, Bernu J, Deleglise S, et al. 2007 Nature 448 889
[34] Bozyigit D, Lang C, Steffen L, et al. 2011 Nat. Phys. 7 154
[35] Chunnilall C J, Degiovanni I P, Kück S, Müller I, Sinclair A G 2014 Opt. Eng. 53 081910
[36] Wang Y D, Clerk A A 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 153603
[37] Tian L 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 153604
[38] Andrews R W, Peterson R W, Purdy T P, et al. 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 321
[39] Bochmann J, Vainsencher A, Awschalom D D, Cleland A N 2013 Nat. Phys. 9 712
[40] Zhang K Y, Bariani F, Dong Y, Zhang W P, Meystre P 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 113601
[41] Andrews R W, Peterson R W, Purdy T P, et al. 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 321
[42] Bochmann J, Vainsencher A, Awschalom D D, Cleland A N 2013 Nat. Phys. 9 712
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