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We report Bi-doped fibers prepared by modified chemical vapor deposition combination with solution doping process. The fibers are divided into three groups under 60Co radiations with different doses. The absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra of the fiber before and after irradiation are investigated. The dependence of fluorescence intensity of the fiber on temperature (-40-70 ℃) are measured. Experimental results show that the radiation-induced absorptions (RIAs) of the fibers increase significantly at 700 nm and 800 nm with the increase of the irradiation dose. We ascribe the great enhancement of the RIA of the fiber to the generation of more Bi near-infrared (NIR) active centers. Because near infrared nonluminous valance state like Bi3+ captures free electrons and converts into Bi2+, and further into Bi+under the 60Co radiations with different doses. We also find that the NIR fluorescence spectra are stable before and after irradiation under 976 nm LD excitation. The possibility of communication in a radiation environment is proved, such as in outer space is proved. In addition, the fluorescence intensity dependence on temperature in a full-temperature range is analyzed, and we find that the fluorescence intensity decreases with the increase of temperature. It is contributed to the Bi active center that Bi+ may gradually turn into nonluminous Bi metallic colloids during thermal activation. The variation law of fluorescence intensity is analyzed in the whole range of temperature. We believe that the variation law of fluorescence intensity provides data and basis for the stable operation of bismuth-doped fiber laser in the future.
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Keywords:
- bismuth-doped fiber /
- irradiation characteristic /
- temperature characteristic /
- fluorescence intensity
[1] Fujimoto Y, Nakatsuka M 2001 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40 279
[2] Fujimoto Y, Nakatsuka M 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 3325
[3] Dvoyrin V V, Mashinsky V M, Dianov E M, Umnikov A A, Yashkov M V, Guryanov A N 2005 31th European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC) Glasgow, UK, September 25-30, 2005 p949
[4] Haruna T, Kakui M, Taru T, Ishikawa S, Onishi M 2005 Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications Budapest, Hungary, August 7-10, 2005 MC3
[5] Bufetov I A, Firstov S V, Khopin V F, Medvedkov V I, Guruanov A N, Dianov E M 2008 Opt. Lett. 33 2227
[6] Firstov S V, Bufetov I A, Khopin V F, Shubin A V, Smirnov A M, Iskhakova L D, Dianov E M 2009 Laser. Phys. Lett. 6 665
[7] Firstov S, Alyshev S, Melkumov M, Riumkin K, Shubin A, Dianov E M 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 6927
[8] Dianov E M, Firstov S V, Alyshev S V, Riumkin K E, Shubin S V, Khopin V F, Melkumov M A 2014 European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC) Cannes, France, September 21-25, 2014 p1
[9] Griscom D L, Gingerich M E, Friebele E J 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 1019
[10] Friebele E J, Schultz P C, Gingerich M E 1980 Appl. Opt. 19 2910
[11] Brooks C, Di Teodoro F 2005 Opt. Express 13 8999
[12] Fox B P, Simmons-Potter K, Thomes W J, Kliner Dahv A V 2010 Trans. Nucl. Sci. 57 1618
[13] Xu J, Zhao H Y, Su L B, Yu J, Zhou P, Tang H L, Li H Z, Li H J 2010 Opt. Express 18 3385
[14] Peng M Y, Qiu J R, Chen D P, Meng X G, Zhu G S 2005 Opt. Lett. 30 2433
[15] Xu B B, Tan D Z, Guan M J, Teng Y, Zhou J J, Qiu J R, Hong Z L 2011 J. Electrochem. Soc. 158 G203
[16] Su L B, Yu J, Zhou P, Li H J, Zheng L H, Yang Y, Wu F, Xia H P, Xu J 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 2504
[17] Ban C, Bulatov L I, Dvoyrin V V, Mashinsky V M, Limberger H G, Dianov E M 2009 35th European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC) Vienna, Austria September 20-24, 2009 p615
[18] Violakis G, Limberger H G, Mashinsky V M, Evgueni M, Dianov E M 2013 Optical Fiber Communication Conference/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference Anaheim, USA, March 17-21, 2013 OTh4C.2
[19] Wang Y S, Jiang Z W, Luan H X, Zhang Z X, Peng J G, Yang L Y, Li J Y, Dai N L 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 084215 (in Chinese) [王岩山, 蒋作文, 栾怀训, 张泽学, 彭景刚, 杨旅云, 李进延, 戴能利 2012 物理学报 61 084215]
[20] Dvoyrin V V, Mashinsky V M, Bulatov L I, Bufetov I A, Shubin A V, Melkumov M A, Guryanov A N 2006 Opt. Lett. 31 2966
[21] Kiryanov A V, Dvoyrin V V, Mashinsky V M, Il'ichev N N, Kozlova N S, Dianov E M 2011 Opt. Express 19 6599
[22] Sheng Y B, Yang L Y, Luan H X, Liu Z J, Li J Y, Dai N L 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 116301 (in Chinese) [盛于邦, 杨旅云, 栾怀训, 刘自军, 李进延, 戴能利 2012 物理学报 61 116301]
[23] Henschel H, Kohn O, Schmidt H U, Kirchhof J, Unger S 1997 RADECS 97. Fourth European Conference on Cannes, France, September 15-17, 1997 p439
[24] Huang H Q, Zhao N, Chen G, Liao L, Liu Z J, Peng J G, Dai N L 2014 Acta Phys.Sin. 63 200201 (in Chinese) [黄宏琪, 赵楠, 陈瑰, 廖雷, 刘自军, 彭景刚, 戴能利 2014 物理学报 63 200201]
[25] Sheng Y B, Xing R X, Luan H X, Liu Z J, Li J Y, Dai N L 2012 J. Inorg. Mater. 27 860 (in Chinese) [盛于邦, 邢瑞先, 栾怀训, 刘自军, 李进延, 戴能利 2012 无机材料学报 27 860]
[26] Engholm M, Jelger P, Laurell F 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 1285
[27] Yoo S, Kalita M P, Boyland A J, Webb A S, Standish R J, Sahu J K, Paul M C, Das S, Bhadra S K, Pal M 2010 Opt. Commun. 283 3423
[28] Xia H P, Wang X J 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 051917
[29] Ren J, Qiu J, Chen D, Wang C, Jiang X, Zhu C 2007 J. Mater. Res. 22 1954
[30] Meng X G, Qiu J R, Peng M Y, Chen D P, Zhao Q Z, Jiang X W, Zhu C S 2005 Opt. Express 13 1628
[31] Truong V G, Bigot L, Lerouge A, Douay M, Razdobreev I 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 041908
[32] Zhou S F, Jiang N, Zhu B, Yang H C, Ye S, Lakshminarayana G, Hao J H, Qiu J R 2008 Adv. Funct. Mater. 18 1407
[33] Sokolov V O, Plotnichenko V G, Dianov E M 2008 Opt. Lett. 33 1488
[34] Wan R H, Song Z G, Li Y J, Zhou Y T, Liu Q, Qiu J B, Yang Z W, Yin Z Y 2015 J. Appl. Phys. 117 053107
[35] Vazquez Z L, Chung S, Jeong Y 2010 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 49 022502
-
[1] Fujimoto Y, Nakatsuka M 2001 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40 279
[2] Fujimoto Y, Nakatsuka M 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 3325
[3] Dvoyrin V V, Mashinsky V M, Dianov E M, Umnikov A A, Yashkov M V, Guryanov A N 2005 31th European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC) Glasgow, UK, September 25-30, 2005 p949
[4] Haruna T, Kakui M, Taru T, Ishikawa S, Onishi M 2005 Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications Budapest, Hungary, August 7-10, 2005 MC3
[5] Bufetov I A, Firstov S V, Khopin V F, Medvedkov V I, Guruanov A N, Dianov E M 2008 Opt. Lett. 33 2227
[6] Firstov S V, Bufetov I A, Khopin V F, Shubin A V, Smirnov A M, Iskhakova L D, Dianov E M 2009 Laser. Phys. Lett. 6 665
[7] Firstov S, Alyshev S, Melkumov M, Riumkin K, Shubin A, Dianov E M 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 6927
[8] Dianov E M, Firstov S V, Alyshev S V, Riumkin K E, Shubin S V, Khopin V F, Melkumov M A 2014 European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC) Cannes, France, September 21-25, 2014 p1
[9] Griscom D L, Gingerich M E, Friebele E J 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 1019
[10] Friebele E J, Schultz P C, Gingerich M E 1980 Appl. Opt. 19 2910
[11] Brooks C, Di Teodoro F 2005 Opt. Express 13 8999
[12] Fox B P, Simmons-Potter K, Thomes W J, Kliner Dahv A V 2010 Trans. Nucl. Sci. 57 1618
[13] Xu J, Zhao H Y, Su L B, Yu J, Zhou P, Tang H L, Li H Z, Li H J 2010 Opt. Express 18 3385
[14] Peng M Y, Qiu J R, Chen D P, Meng X G, Zhu G S 2005 Opt. Lett. 30 2433
[15] Xu B B, Tan D Z, Guan M J, Teng Y, Zhou J J, Qiu J R, Hong Z L 2011 J. Electrochem. Soc. 158 G203
[16] Su L B, Yu J, Zhou P, Li H J, Zheng L H, Yang Y, Wu F, Xia H P, Xu J 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 2504
[17] Ban C, Bulatov L I, Dvoyrin V V, Mashinsky V M, Limberger H G, Dianov E M 2009 35th European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC) Vienna, Austria September 20-24, 2009 p615
[18] Violakis G, Limberger H G, Mashinsky V M, Evgueni M, Dianov E M 2013 Optical Fiber Communication Conference/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference Anaheim, USA, March 17-21, 2013 OTh4C.2
[19] Wang Y S, Jiang Z W, Luan H X, Zhang Z X, Peng J G, Yang L Y, Li J Y, Dai N L 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 084215 (in Chinese) [王岩山, 蒋作文, 栾怀训, 张泽学, 彭景刚, 杨旅云, 李进延, 戴能利 2012 物理学报 61 084215]
[20] Dvoyrin V V, Mashinsky V M, Bulatov L I, Bufetov I A, Shubin A V, Melkumov M A, Guryanov A N 2006 Opt. Lett. 31 2966
[21] Kiryanov A V, Dvoyrin V V, Mashinsky V M, Il'ichev N N, Kozlova N S, Dianov E M 2011 Opt. Express 19 6599
[22] Sheng Y B, Yang L Y, Luan H X, Liu Z J, Li J Y, Dai N L 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 116301 (in Chinese) [盛于邦, 杨旅云, 栾怀训, 刘自军, 李进延, 戴能利 2012 物理学报 61 116301]
[23] Henschel H, Kohn O, Schmidt H U, Kirchhof J, Unger S 1997 RADECS 97. Fourth European Conference on Cannes, France, September 15-17, 1997 p439
[24] Huang H Q, Zhao N, Chen G, Liao L, Liu Z J, Peng J G, Dai N L 2014 Acta Phys.Sin. 63 200201 (in Chinese) [黄宏琪, 赵楠, 陈瑰, 廖雷, 刘自军, 彭景刚, 戴能利 2014 物理学报 63 200201]
[25] Sheng Y B, Xing R X, Luan H X, Liu Z J, Li J Y, Dai N L 2012 J. Inorg. Mater. 27 860 (in Chinese) [盛于邦, 邢瑞先, 栾怀训, 刘自军, 李进延, 戴能利 2012 无机材料学报 27 860]
[26] Engholm M, Jelger P, Laurell F 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 1285
[27] Yoo S, Kalita M P, Boyland A J, Webb A S, Standish R J, Sahu J K, Paul M C, Das S, Bhadra S K, Pal M 2010 Opt. Commun. 283 3423
[28] Xia H P, Wang X J 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 051917
[29] Ren J, Qiu J, Chen D, Wang C, Jiang X, Zhu C 2007 J. Mater. Res. 22 1954
[30] Meng X G, Qiu J R, Peng M Y, Chen D P, Zhao Q Z, Jiang X W, Zhu C S 2005 Opt. Express 13 1628
[31] Truong V G, Bigot L, Lerouge A, Douay M, Razdobreev I 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 041908
[32] Zhou S F, Jiang N, Zhu B, Yang H C, Ye S, Lakshminarayana G, Hao J H, Qiu J R 2008 Adv. Funct. Mater. 18 1407
[33] Sokolov V O, Plotnichenko V G, Dianov E M 2008 Opt. Lett. 33 1488
[34] Wan R H, Song Z G, Li Y J, Zhou Y T, Liu Q, Qiu J B, Yang Z W, Yin Z Y 2015 J. Appl. Phys. 117 053107
[35] Vazquez Z L, Chung S, Jeong Y 2010 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 49 022502
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