Influence of distance between focusing lens and sample surface on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of brass at different sample temperatures

Yang Xue; Li Su-Yu; Jiang Yuan-Fei; Chen An-Min; Jin Ming-Xing

doi:10.7498/aps.68.20182198

Abstract

From previously published results of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, one can know that the change in the distance from the sample surface to the focusing lens has an important influence on the interaction between the sample and the laser, and increasing the sample temperature can enhance the coupling between the laser and the sample. However, almost no work has devoted to directly studying the influence of the distance between focusing lens and sample surface on the spectral intensity of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy under different sample temperatures. In this paper, we investigate experimentally this subject. An Nd:YAG laser is used to excite the sample to produce the plasma. The detected spectral lines are Cu (I) 510.55 nm, Cu (I) 515.32 nm, and Cu (I) 521.82 nm. The focal length of focusing lens is 200 mm. The distance between focusing lens and sample surface ranges from 170 mm to 200 mm. The sample is heated from 25 ℃ to 270 ℃, and the laser energy is 26 mJ. In general, the spectral intensity of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy can be effectively enhanced by increasing the sample temperature. At the sample temperatures of 25 ℃ and 100 ℃, the spectral intensity increases monotonically with the increase of the distance between focusing lens and sample surface; at higher sample temperatures (150, 200, 250, and 270 ℃), the spectral intensity first increases and then decreases with the increase of the distance between focusing lens and sample surface. In addition, near the focal point, with the increase of sample temperature, the increase of the spectral intensity is not obvious, and the spectral intensity decreases with the increase of sample temperature, which is particularly noteworthy in improving the spectral intensity of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy by increasing sample temperature. In order to further understand the influences of these two conditions on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, we also calculate the plasma temperature and electron density, and find that the variation of plasma temperature and electron density are almost the same as that of spectral intensity. The plasma temperature and electron density at higher sample temperature are higher.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
College of Science, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
2.
Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
3.
Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy (Jilin University), Changchun 130012, China

Corresponding author: Chen An-Min, amchen@jlu.edu.cn ; Jin Ming-Xing, mxjin@jlu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11674128, 11674124) and the Jilin Province Scientific and Technological Development Program, China (Grant No. 20170101063JC).

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References

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Cited By

图 1 不同样品温度下聚焦透镜到样品表面距离对LIBS影响的实验装置示意图

Figure 1. Experimental setup for the influence of the distance between focusing lens and sample surface on LIBS under different sample temperatures.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 不同温度下LIBS辐射强度的比较, 其中图(b)来自于图(a), 聚焦透镜到样品表面的距离为190 mm、激光能量为26 mJ

Figure 2. Comparison of spectral lines of LIBS under different sample temperatures. Panel (b) is from panel (a). The distance between focusing lens and sample surface is 190 mm. Laser energy is 26 mJ.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 不同温度下等离子体光谱随着波长和聚焦透镜到样品表面距离的分布(激光能量为26 mJ)　(a)样品温度为100 ℃; (b) 样品温度为200 ℃

Figure 3. Distribution of optical emission with the wavelength and the distance between focusing lens and sample surface under 100 ℃ (a) and 200 ℃ (b) sample temperatures. Laser energy is 26 mJ.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 不同样品温度下Cu (I) 510.55 nm (a)和Cu (I) 521.82 nm (b)光谱峰强度随着聚焦透镜到样品表面距离的变化(激光能量为26 mJ)

Figure 4. Evolution of spectral peak intensities at Cu (I) 510.55 nm (a) and Cu (I) 521.82 nm (b) with the distance between focusing lens and sample surface under different sample temperatures. Laser energy is 26 mJ.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 典型的Boltzmann图, 其中聚焦透镜到样品表面的距离分别为(a) 175, (b) 180, (c) 185和(d) 195 mm; 样品温度为200 ℃

Figure 5. Typical Boltzmann plots. The distances between focusing lens and sample surface are (a) 175, (b) 180, (c) 185 and (d) 195 mm. Sample temperature is 200 ℃.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 不同样品温度下等离子体温度随着聚焦透镜到样品表面距离的变化(激光能量为26 mJ)

Figure 6. Evolution of plasma temperature with the distance between focusing lens and sample surface under different sample temperatures. Laser energy is 26 mJ.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 典型的谱线半高宽($\scriptstyle{\text{Δ}}{\lambda _{{\rm{measured}}}}$)拟合图, 其中聚焦透镜到样品表面的距离分别为(a) 175, (b) 180, (c) 185和(d) 195 mm; 样品温度为200 ℃

Figure 7. Typical Gauss fitting ($\scriptstyle{\text{Δ}}{\lambda _{{\rm{measured}}}}$) for selected distances between focusing lens and sample surface under 200 ℃ sample temperature. The distances are (a) 175, (b) 180, (c) 185 and 195 mm (d).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 不同样品温度下电子密度随着聚焦透镜到样品表面距离的变化(激光能量为26 mJ)

Figure 8. Evolution of electron density with the distance between focusing lens and sample surface under different sample temperatures. Laser energy is 26 mJ.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 用于计算等离子体温度的光谱线参数表

Table 1. Spectral parameters of Cu (I) for calculating plasma temperature.

波长/nm E_k/eV g A/10⁸ s^–1

510.55 3.817 6 0.020(5)
515.32 6.191 2 0.60(15)
521.82 6.192 4 0.75(9)

DownLoad: CSV

[1]	Wang Z, Dong F, Zhou W 2015 Plasma Sci. Technol. 17 617 Google Scholar
[2]	Wang Z, Ting B, Yuan, Z Y, Zhou W D, Lu J D, Ding H B, Zeng X Y 2014 Front. Phys. 9 419 Google Scholar
[3]	Wang Z Z, Deguchi Y, Zhang Z Z, Wang Z, Zeng X Y, Yan J J 2016 Front. Phys. 11 114213 Google Scholar
[4]	朱光正, 郭连波, 郝中骐, 李常茂, 沈萌, 李阔湖, 李祥友, 刘建国, 曾晓雁, 陆永枫 2015 物理学报 64 024212 Google Scholar Zhu G Z, Guo L B, Hao Z Q, Li C M, Shen M, Li K H, Li X Y, Liu J G, Zeng X Y, Lu Y F 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 024212 Google Scholar
[5]	Wang Q Q, Liu K, Zhao H, Ge C H, Huang Z W 2012 Front. Phys. 7 701 Google Scholar
[6]	Hu L, Zhao N, Liu W, Meng D, Fang L, Wang Y, Yu Y, Ma M 2015 Plasma Sci. Technol. 17 699 Google Scholar
[7]	Wang Y, Chen A, Li S, Sui L, Liu D, Tian D, Jiang Y, Jin M 2016 J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 31 497 Google Scholar
[8]	Li Y, Tian D, Ding Y, Yang G, Liu K, Wang C, Han X 2018 Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 53 1 Google Scholar
[9]	Li X, Wang Z, Fu Y, Li Z, Ni W 2015 Plasma Sci. Technol. 17 621 Google Scholar
[10]	Wang X, Chen A, Sui L, Wang Y, Zhang D, Li S, Jiang Y, Jin M 2018 J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 33 168 Google Scholar
[11]	吴宜青, 刘津, 莫欣欣, 孙通, 刘木华 2017 物理学报 66 054206 Google Scholar Wu Y Q, Liu J, Mo X X, Sun T, Liu M H 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 054206 Google Scholar
[12]	Lu Y, Zhou Y S, Qiu W, Huang X, Liu L, Jiang L, Silvain J F, Lu Y F 2015 J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 30 2303 Google Scholar
[13]	李百慧, 高勋, 宋超, 林景全 2016 物理学报 65 235201 Google Scholar Li B H, Gao X, Song C, Lin J Q 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 235201 Google Scholar
[14]	Li C M, Guo L B, He X N, Hao Z Q, Li X Y, Shen M, Zeng X Y, Lu Y F 2014 J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 29 638 Google Scholar
[15]	Wang Q, Chen A, Zhang D, Wang Y, Sui L, Li S, Jiang Y, Jin M 2018 Phys. Plasmas 25 073301 Google Scholar
[16]	Zhou W, Su X, Qian H, Li K, Li X, Yu Y, Ren Z 2013 J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 28 702 Google Scholar
[17]	Liu L, Huang X, Li S, Lu Y, Chen K, Jiang L, Silvain J F, Lu Y F 2015 Opt. Express 23 15047 Google Scholar
[18]	de Giacomo A, Gaudiuso R, Koral C, Dell'Aglio M, de Pascale O 2013 Anal. Chem. 85 10180 Google Scholar
[19]	Li C, Hao Z, Zou Z, Zhou R, Li J, Guo L, Li X, Lu Y, Zeng X 2016 Opt. Express 24 7850 Google Scholar
[20]	Tavassoli S H, Gragossian A 2009 Opt. Laser Technol. 41 481 Google Scholar
[21]	Sanginés R, Sobral H, Alvarez-Zauco E 2012 Appl. Phys. B 108 867 Google Scholar
[22]	Sanginés R, Sobral H, Alvarez-Zauco E 2012 Spectrochim. Acta B 68 40 Google Scholar
[23]	Darbani S M R, Ghezelbash M, Majd A E, Soltanolkotabi M, Saghafifar H 2014 J. Eur. Opt. Soc.-Rapid 9 14058 Google Scholar
[24]	Hanson C, Phongikaroon S, Scott J R 2014 Spectrochim. Acta B 97 79 Google Scholar
[25]	Wang Y, Chen A, Jiang Y, Sui L, Wang X, Zhang D, Tian D, Li S, Jin M 2017 Phys. Plasmas 24 013301 Google Scholar
[26]	Eschlböck-Fuchs S, Haslinger M J, Hinterreiter A, Kolmhofer P, Huber N, Rössler R, Heitz J, Pedarnig J D 2013 Spectrochim. Acta B 87 36 Google Scholar
[27]	Liu Y, Tong Y, Li S, Wang Y, Chen A, Jin M 2016 Chin. Opt. Lett. 14 123001 Google Scholar
[28]	Liu Y, Tong Y, Wang Y, Zhang D, Li S, Jiang Y, Chen A, Jin M 2017 Plasma Sci. Technol. 19 125501 Google Scholar
[29]	Zhang D, Chen A, Wang Q, Wang Y, Qi H, Li S, Jiang Y, Jin M 2018 Phys. Plasmas 25 083305 Google Scholar
[30]	Multari R A, Foster L E, Cremers D A, Ferris M J 1996 Appl. Spectrosc. 50 1483 Google Scholar
[31]	Aguilera J A, Aragón C 2008 Spectrochim. Acta B 63 793 Google Scholar
[32]	Chen M, Liu Y H, Liu X D, Zhao M W 2012 Laser Phys. Lett. 9 730 Google Scholar
[33]	Kasperczuk A, Pisarczyk T, Kalal M, Ullschmied J, Krousky E, Masek K, Pfeifer M, Rohlena K, Skala J, Pisarczyk P 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 081501 Google Scholar
[34]	Guo J, Shao J, Wang T, Zheng C, Chen A, Jin M 2017 J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 32 367 Google Scholar
[35]	Zhang D, Chen A, Wang X, Wang Y, Sui L, Ke D, Li S, Jiang Y, Jin M 2018 Spectrochim. Acta B 143 71 Google Scholar
[36]	刘月华, 陈明, 刘向东, 崔清强, 赵明文 2013 物理学报 62 025203 Google Scholar Liu Y H, Chen M, Liu X D, Cui Q Q, Zhao M W 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 025203 Google Scholar
[37]	Li X, Wei W, Wu J, Jia S, Qiu A 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 113 243304 Google Scholar
[38]	Amin S, Bashir S, Anjum S, Akram M, Hayat A, Waheed S, Iftikhar H, Dawood A, Mahmood K 2017 Phys. Plasmas 24 083112 Google Scholar
[39]	Wang Y, Chen A, Wang Q, Sui L, Ke D, Cao S, Li S, Jiang Y, Jin M 2018 Phys. Plasmas 25 033302 Google Scholar
[40]	Tian Y, Xue B, Song J, Lu Y, Li Y, Zheng R 2017 Appl. Phys. Express 10 072401 Google Scholar
[41]	Wang Y, Chen A, Li S, Ke D, Wang X, Zhang D, Jiang Y, Jin M 2017 AIP Adv. 7 095204 Google Scholar
[42]	Haq S U, Ahmat L, Mumtaz M, Shakeel H, Mahmood S, Nadeem A 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 083504 Google Scholar
[43]	Guo J, Wang T, Shao J, Chen A, Jin M 2018 J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 33 2116 Google Scholar
[44]	Thorstensen J, Foss S E 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 112 103514 Google Scholar
[45]	赵法刚, 张宇, 张雷, 尹王保, 董磊, 马维光, 肖连团, 贾锁堂 2018 物理学报 67 165201 Google Scholar Zhao F G, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Yin W B, Dong L, Ma W G, Xiao L T, Jia S T 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 165201 Google Scholar
[46]	杨大鹏, 李苏宇, 姜远飞, 陈安民, 金明星 2017 物理学报 66 115201 Google Scholar Yang D P, Li S Y, Jiang Y F, Chen A M, Jin M X 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 115201 Google Scholar
[47]	Wang Q, Chen A, Wang Y, Sui L, Li S, Jin M 2018 J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 33 1154 Google Scholar
[48]	Chen A, Jiang Y, Wang T, Shao J, Jin M 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 033301 Google Scholar
[49]	NIST Atomic Spectra Database http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/ASD/lines_form.html
[50]	Wang J, Fu H, Ni Z, Chen X, He W, Dong F 2015 Plasma Sci. Technol. 17 649 Google Scholar
[51]	Konjević N, Wiese W 1990 J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 19 1307 Google Scholar

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Vol. 68, Issue 6 - 2019-03-20

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