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Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) have found many important applications in on-chip signal transportation, enhanced nonlinear/Raman effect, biological/chemical sensing, super resolution imaging, etc. In these applications, the near-field propagation and far-field scattering of SPPs play a vital role. However, there has been strong desire to understand these physical effects. In this paper, we first briefly review the history and progress of SPPs. Next, we mainly focus on the near-field propagation and far-field scattering of SPPs, including their fundamental theories and practical applications. Finally, we review several different approaches to manipulating the near-field wavefronts of SPPs. These researches offer us a more in-depth understanding and the ability to more strongly control the scattering characteristics of SPPs, which may promote the scientific researches and practical applications of SPPs in the future.
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Keywords:
- surface plasmons /
- transmission and scattering /
- metasurfaces
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图 1 (a) SPPs的复杂散射效应; (b) SPPs遇到金属表面缺陷时的散射效应; (c) SPPs的反射和折射效应[16]; (d) 亚波长等离激元纳米激光器[17]; (e) SPPs的三维远场聚焦效应[18]
Figure 1. (a) Complex scattering effects of SPPs; (b) scattering effect of SPPs striking a defect on the plasmonic metal; (c) reflection and refraction effects of SPPs[16]; (d) subwavelength plasmonic nano-laser[17]; (e) three-dimensional far-field focusing effect of SPPs[18].
图 3 (a), (b)等离激元金属/真空对接系统(上下为完美电导体边界)中的表面等离极化激元反射谱[33]; (c), (d) 等离激元波导对接系统中的SPPs反射系数[35]; (e), (f) 金属/介质开放体系中的SPPs的散射系数(R, T, S)[36]
Figure 3. (a), (b) SPPs reflectance spectrum of a plasmonic metal/vacuum junction system surrounded by perfect electric conductors[33]; (c), (d) SPPs reflection coefficients of a plasmonic waveguide junction[35]; (e), (f) scattering coefficients
$ (R, T, S) $ of SPPs inside a jointed metal/dielectric open system[36].图 5 (a) 等离激元波导对接体系; (b), (c) 不同金属和不同介质对接的波导体系中SPPs的反射率谱线; (d) 开放式等离激元对接体系; (e) 反射率的变化谱线; (f) 体系中存在一阶波导模式时的场分布[38]
Figure 5. (a) Plasmonic waveguide junction system; (b), (c) SPPs reflectance spectra in a waveguide junction system with different metals or dielectrics; (d) an open plasmonic junction system; (e) SPPs reflection amplitude as function of periodicity P in such system; (f) field distributions inside such plasmonic system with the first-order scattering modes appearing[38].
图 8 (a) 半无限大等离激元体金属对接系统; (b) 远场散射强度随着散射角度
$\varphi $ 和$\sqrt {\left| {{\varepsilon _2}} \right|} $ 的变化; (c) 特定等离激元对接体系中的远场散射角分布[59]Figure 8. (a) Semi-infinite plasmonic metal junction system; (b) scattering far-field intensity as function of
$\varphi $ and$\sqrt {\left| {{\varepsilon _2}} \right|} $ ; (c) scattering far-field angular distribution of SPPs in a typical plasmonic junction system[59].图 9 (a) 理想的半无限大二维等离激元体系统; (d) 半无限大人工金属网栅结构; (b), (e)相应体系中的SPPs的色散关系; (c), (f) 相应体系中的SPPs散射远场角谱分布[59]
Figure 9. (a) An ideal semi-infinite 2D plasmonic system; (d) a semi-infinite artificial metallic mesh structure; (b), (e) dispersion relations and (c), (f) scattering far-field angular distributions of SPPs in two plasmonic systems[59].
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