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Acoustic signals can travel thousands of kilometers in seawater, and the characteristics of long-range sound propagation are different from short range propagation. This paper is based on a long-range underwater acoustic experimental data obtained from the western Pacific Ocean, where the farthest propagation distance is nearly 2000 km. The ocean environment information and vertical line array information are carefully processed. We analyze the attenuation of long-distance acoustic propagation in seawater and multi-path arrival structure characteristics under the complete acoustic channel environment of the ocean. In terms of the attenuation law of long-distance propagation energy, with the increase of propagation distance, the effect of seawater absorption on the attenuation of sound energy becomes prominent, and the selection of absorption coefficient is very important for the accurate prediction of sound field energy. Absorption in seawater of low frequency signals is small, and the transmission loss of acoustic signal with 100 Hz center frequency increases only by about 6 dB when the propagation distance increases from 1000 km to 2000 km. In terms of multi-path arrival structure characteristics of deep-sea acoustic channel for long-distance sound propagation, the thermocline sound velocity profile in the experimental sea area has a higher sound speed, making the number of eigenrays reaching the receiving point more and the multi-path arrival structure more complex. The arrival structure formed by sea surface reflected eigenrays is at the earlier position of the overall arrival structure and has relatively strong energy. Owing to the influence of subtropical water over the northwest Pacific Ocean on the sound speed profile, the time of some eigenrays arriving at the receiving point is earlier, and the length of multi-way arrival structure on the time axis is prolonged.
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Keywords:
- long-rang sound propagation /
- transmission loss /
- arrival structure
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Zhang R H, He Y 1994 Prog. Nat. Sci. 6 32
[12] 秦继兴, 张仁和, 骆文于, 吴立新, 江磊, 张波 2014 声学学报 39 145Google Scholar
Qin J X, Zhang R H, Luo W Y, Wu L X, Jiang L, Zhang B 2014 Acta Acust. 39 145Google Scholar
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Wu L L 2017 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: The Institute of Acoustics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese)
[19] 张燕 2017 硕士学位论文 (北京: 中国科学院声学研究所)
Zhang Y 2017 M. S. Thesis (Beijing: The Institute of Acoustics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese)
[20] 侯温良, 龚敏, 陈东荣 1989 声学技术 8 3
Hou W L, Gong M, Chen D R 1989 Tech. Acoust. 8 3
[21] Locarnini R A, Mishonov A V, Baranova O K, et al. 2018 World Ocean Atlas (Volume 1: Temperature) 81 52
[22] Zweng M M, Reagan J R, Seidov D, et al. 2018 World Ocean Atlas (Volume 2: Salinity) 82 50
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[24] 毕思昭, 彭朝晖 2021 物理学报 70 114303Google Scholar
Bi S Z, Peng Z H, 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 114303Google Scholar
[25] Amante C, Eakins B W 2009 Psychologist 16 3Google Scholar
[26] Susanne B, Martin W 1976 Deck41 Surficial Seafloor Sediment Description Database (NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information)
[27] Straume E O, Gaina C, Medvedev S, Hochmuth K, Gohl K, Whittaker J M, Abdul Fattah R, Doornenbal J C, Hopper J R 2019 Geochem. Geophy. Geosy. 20 4Google Scholar
[28] Collins M 1998 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 93 1736Google Scholar
[29] 李整林, 董凡辰, 胡治国, 吴双林 2019 物理学报 68 134305Google Scholar
Li Z L, Dong F C, Hu Z G, Wu S L 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 134305Google Scholar
[30] Jensen F, Kuperman W, Porter M, Schmidt H 2011 Computational Ocean Acoustics (2nd Ed.) (New York: Springer-Verlag)
[31] Fisher, H. F 1977 J. Acoust. Soc. Am 62 13Google Scholar
[32] Lovett, Jack R 1980 J. Acoust. Soc. Am 67 338Google Scholar
[33] 刘伯胜, 雷家煜 2010 水声学原理 (北京: 科学出版社) 第141页
Liu B S, Lei J Y 2009 Principles of Undewater Acoustics (Beijing: Science Press) p141 (in Chinese)
[34] Munk W H 1974 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 55 220Google Scholar
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[1] Worcester P F, Cornuelle B D, Hildebrand J A, Hodgkiss W, Spindel R C 1994 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 95 3118Google Scholar
[2] Worcester P F, Cornuelle B D, Dzieciuch M A, et al. 1999 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 105 3185Google Scholar
[3] Colosi J 2004 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116 1538Google Scholar
[4] Vera M, Heaney K D 2005 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117 1624Google Scholar
[5] Mercer J A, Colosi J A, Howe B M, Dzieciuch M A, Stephen R 2009 IEEE J. Oceanic. Eng. 34 1Google Scholar
[6] Worcester P F, Dzieciuch M A, Mercer J A, et al. 2013 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 134 3359Google Scholar
[7] Wu L L, Peng Z H 2015 Chin. Phys. Lett. 32 094302Google Scholar
[8] Guthrie A N 1974 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 56 58Google Scholar
[9] Beilis A 1983 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 68 171Google Scholar
[10] Boyles C A 1978 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 64 S74Google Scholar
[11] 张仁和, 何怡 1994 自然科学进展: 国家重点实验室通讯 6 32
Zhang R H, He Y 1994 Prog. Nat. Sci. 6 32
[12] 秦继兴, 张仁和, 骆文于, 吴立新, 江磊, 张波 2014 声学学报 39 145Google Scholar
Qin J X, Zhang R H, Luo W Y, Wu L X, Jiang L, Zhang B 2014 Acta Acust. 39 145Google Scholar
[13] Colosi J A, Scheer E K, Flatté S, et al. 1999 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 105 3202Google Scholar
[14] Van Uffelen L, Worcester P F, Dzieciuch M A, Rudnick D L 2009 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 125 3569Google Scholar
[15] Van Uffelen L, Worcester P F, Dzieciuch M A, Rudnick D L, Colosi J A 2010 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 127 2169Google Scholar
[16] Kim H J 2009 Ph. D. Dissertation (Boston: Massachusetts Institute of Technolog)
[17] 韩梅, 陆娟娟 2009 计算机仿真 26 11Google Scholar
Han M, Lu J J 2009 Comp. Simulat. 26 11Google Scholar
[18] 吴丽丽 2017 博士学位论文 (北京: 中国科学院声学研究所)
Wu L L 2017 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: The Institute of Acoustics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese)
[19] 张燕 2017 硕士学位论文 (北京: 中国科学院声学研究所)
Zhang Y 2017 M. S. Thesis (Beijing: The Institute of Acoustics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese)
[20] 侯温良, 龚敏, 陈东荣 1989 声学技术 8 3
Hou W L, Gong M, Chen D R 1989 Tech. Acoust. 8 3
[21] Locarnini R A, Mishonov A V, Baranova O K, et al. 2018 World Ocean Atlas (Volume 1: Temperature) 81 52
[22] Zweng M M, Reagan J R, Seidov D, et al. 2018 World Ocean Atlas (Volume 2: Salinity) 82 50
[23] Gandin L S 1963 Objective Analysis of Meteorological Fields (translated from the Russian) p184
[24] 毕思昭, 彭朝晖 2021 物理学报 70 114303Google Scholar
Bi S Z, Peng Z H, 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 114303Google Scholar
[25] Amante C, Eakins B W 2009 Psychologist 16 3Google Scholar
[26] Susanne B, Martin W 1976 Deck41 Surficial Seafloor Sediment Description Database (NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information)
[27] Straume E O, Gaina C, Medvedev S, Hochmuth K, Gohl K, Whittaker J M, Abdul Fattah R, Doornenbal J C, Hopper J R 2019 Geochem. Geophy. Geosy. 20 4Google Scholar
[28] Collins M 1998 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 93 1736Google Scholar
[29] 李整林, 董凡辰, 胡治国, 吴双林 2019 物理学报 68 134305Google Scholar
Li Z L, Dong F C, Hu Z G, Wu S L 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 134305Google Scholar
[30] Jensen F, Kuperman W, Porter M, Schmidt H 2011 Computational Ocean Acoustics (2nd Ed.) (New York: Springer-Verlag)
[31] Fisher, H. F 1977 J. Acoust. Soc. Am 62 13Google Scholar
[32] Lovett, Jack R 1980 J. Acoust. Soc. Am 67 338Google Scholar
[33] 刘伯胜, 雷家煜 2010 水声学原理 (北京: 科学出版社) 第141页
Liu B S, Lei J Y 2009 Principles of Undewater Acoustics (Beijing: Science Press) p141 (in Chinese)
[34] Munk W H 1974 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 55 220Google Scholar
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