Spin transport properties of BixY3–xFe5O12 thin films prepared by spin coating

Tian Ying-Yi; Wang Shuan-Hu; Luo Dian-Bing; Wei Xiang-Yang; Jin Ke-Xin

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20221183

Abstract

Yttrium iron garnet (YIG), as a room temperature ferrimagnetic insulator with low damping and narrow ferromagnetic resonance linewidth, has been the research hotspot in spintronics because of its spin transport properties. Bi is one of the most common doping elements used in YIG, and some researches have proved that it can tune the magnetic properties of YIG. Previous studies of Bi_xY_3–xFe₅O₁₂ thin films focused on the evolutions of their structures, morphologies, and magnetic characteristics. Yet, the effects of Bi³⁺ substitution of Y³⁺ on spin transport in YIG thin films have not been systematically studied. The regulation of YIG spin transport by doping is expected to provide a new idea for the spintronics exploration of Pt/YIG system. In this work, we prepare a series of Bi_xY_3–xFe₅O₁₂ films with different doping ratios by spin coating. And we investigate the effects of Bi³⁺ on morphology, structure and spin transport properties of YIG films. The results show that Bi doping does not change the crystal structure of YIG. The absorption of the film increases and the bandgap decreases with the increase of doping ratio. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicates the co-existence of Bi³⁺ and Bi²⁺. The regulation of Bi doping on spin transport is reflected in the fact that the magnon diffusion length of Bi_xY_3–xFe₅O₁₂ films is significantly smaller than that of pure YIG films. Meanwhile, we find that the obvious spin Hall magnetoresistance can still be detected in the Pt/Bi_xY_3–xFe₅O₁₂ heterostructure, and the amplitude is the largest when x = 0.3.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China

Corresponding author: Wang Shuan-Hu, shwang2015@nwpu.edu.cn ; Jin Ke-Xin, jinkx@nwpu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2020JM-088) and Key Research Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2021JZ-08).

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References

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Cited By

图 1 旋涂法示意图.

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of spin coating method.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 x = 0, 0.3, 0.5和1时Bi_xY_3–xFe₅O₁₂薄膜的(a) AFM图像; (b)薄膜实物图; (c)拉曼光谱; (d)吸收谱(插图为带隙宽度-x关系图); (e) SSE实验装置图; (f)归一化V_ISHE-H曲线; (g)矫顽场H_C-x关系图

Figure 2. (a) AFM images; (b) photograph of films; (c) Raman spectra; (d) absorption spectra (the insert of (d) is the dependence of bandgap on x); (e) schematic diagram of the SSE experimental setup; (f) normalized V_ISHE-H curves and (g) the dependence of coercive field H_C on x of Bi_xY_3–xFe₅O₁₂ films at x = 0, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 (a) Bi_xY_3–xFe₅O₁₂薄膜XPS全谱; (b) Bi元素的XPS窄谱(Bi 4f)

Figure 3. (a) Full XPS spectra of Bi_xY_3–xFe₅O₁₂ thin films; (b) XPS narrow spectrum of Bi element (Bi 4f).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 (a)实验装置示意图; (b) Bi_xY_3–xFe₅O₁₂薄膜(x = 0, 0.3, 0.5和1)的V_ISHE-激光位置的测试数据(点)和拟合数据(曲线), 其中灰色区域表示激光光斑照射在Pt电极上; (c)x和扩散长度的关系

Figure 4. (a) Schematic diagram of experimental device; (b) dependence of V_ISHE on laser position in Bi_xY_3–xFe₅O₁₂ films (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5 and 1), where the points are test data and the curves are fitting data. The gray area in (b) indicates that the laser spot irradiates on the Pt electrode; (c) dependence of diffusion length on x.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 (a)横向SMR测试示意图; (b) x = 0, 0.3, 0.5和1时, Pt/ Bi_xY_3–xFe₅O₁₂薄膜的R_SMR/R₀-θ的测试数据(点)和拟合数据(曲线); (c)R_SMR/R₀-x关系图

Figure 5. (a) Schematic diagram of experimental device of transverse SMR; (b) when x = 0, 0.3, 0.5 and 1, the dependence of R_SMR/R₀-θ test data (points) and fitting data (curves) in Pt/ Bi_xY_3–xFe₅O₁₂ films; (c) dependence of R_SMR/R₀ on x.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

[1]	Gomez-Perez J M, Velez S, Hueso L E, Casanova F 2020 Phys. Rev. B 101 184420 Google Scholar
[2]	Cornelissen L J, Peters K J H, Bauer G E W, Duine R A, van Wees B J 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 014412 Google Scholar
[3]	Giles B L, Yang Z H, Jamison J S, Myers R C 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 224415 Google Scholar
[4]	Shan J, Cornelissen L J, Vlietstra N, Ben Youssef J, Kuschel T, Duine R A, van Wees B J 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 174437 Google Scholar
[5]	宋邦菊, 金钻明, 郭晨阳, 阮舜逸, 李炬赓, 万蔡华, 韩秀峰, 马国宏, 姚建铨 2020 物理学报 69 208704 Google Scholar Song B J, Jin Z M, Guo C Y, Ruan S Y, Li J G, Wan C H, Han X F, Ma G H, Yao J Q 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 208704 Google Scholar
[6]	杨萌, 白鹤, 李刚, 朱照照, 竺云, 苏鉴, 蔡建旺 2021 物理学报 70 077501 Google Scholar Yang M, Bai H, Li G, Zhu Z, Zhu Y, Su J, Cai J 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 077501 Google Scholar
[7]	Uchida K, Adachi H, Ota T, Nakayama H, Maekawa S, Saitoh E 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 172505 Google Scholar
[8]	Nakayama H, Althammer M, Chen Y T, Uchida K, Kajiwara Y, Kikuchi D, Ohtani T, Geprags S, Opel M, Takahashi S, Gross R, Bauer G E W, Goennenwein S T B, Saitoh E 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 206601 Google Scholar
[9]	Meyer S, Chen Y T, Wimmer S, Althammer M, Wimmer T, Schlitz R, Geprags S, Huebl H, Kodderitzsch D, Ebert H, Bauer G E W, Gross R, Goennenwein S T B 2017 Nat. Mater. 16 977 Google Scholar
[10]	Weiler M, Althammer M, Schreier M, Lotze J, Pernpeintner M, Meyer S, Huebl H, Gross R, Kamra A, Xiao J, Chen Y T, Jiao H J, Bauer G E W, Goennenwein S T B 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 176601 Google Scholar
[11]	Zhou L F, Song H K, Liu K, Luan Z Z, Wang P, Sun L, Jiang S W, Xiang H J, Chen Y B, Du J, Ding H F, Xia K, Xiao J, Wu D 2018 Sci. Adv. 4 eaao3318 Google Scholar
[12]	Huang M, Xu Z C 2004 Thin Solid Films 450 324 Google Scholar
[13]	Xu H T, Yang H, Xu W, Yu L X 2008 Curr. Appl. Phys. 8 1 Google Scholar
[14]	Aparnadevi N, Kumar K S, Manikandan M, Kumar B S, Punitha J S, Venkateswaran C 2020 J. Mater. Sci-Mater. El. 31 2081 Google Scholar
[15]	Wittekoek S, Popma T J A, Robertson J M, Bongers P F 1975 Phys. Rev. B 12 2777 Google Scholar
[16]	Matsumoto K, Yamaguchi K, Fujii T, Ueno A 1991 J. Appl. Phys. 69 5918 Google Scholar
[17]	Guillot M, Ostorero J, Armstrong G, Zhang F, Xu Y 2005 J. Appl. Phys. 97 10f106 Google Scholar
[18]	Rehspringer J L, Bursik J, Niznansky D, Klarikova A 2000 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 211 291 Google Scholar
[19]	Raja A, Gazzali P M M, Chandrasekaran G 2021 Phys. B-Condens. Mat. 613 412988 Google Scholar
[20]	Atuchin V V, Aleksandrovsky A S, Chimitova O D, Gavrilova T A, Krylov A S, Molokeev M S, Oreshonkov A S, Bazarov B G, Bazarova J G 2014 J. Phys. Chem. C 118 15404 Google Scholar
[21]	Pena-Garcia R, Guerra Y, Buitrago D M, Leal L R F, Santos F E P, Padron-Hernandez E 2018 Ceram. Int. 44 11314 Google Scholar
[22]	Costantini J M, Miro S, Beuneu F, Toulemonde M 2015 J. Phys-Condens. Mat. 27 496001 Google Scholar
[23]	Fechine P B A, Silva E N, de Menezes A S, Derov J, Stewart J W, Drehman A J, Vasconcelos I F, Ayala A P, Cardoso L P, Sombra A S B 2009 J. Phys. Chem. Solids 70 202 Google Scholar
[24]	Fernandez-Garcia L, Suarez M, Menendez J L 2010 J. Alloy. Compd. 495 196 Google Scholar
[25]	Jin L C, Jia K C, He Y J, Wang G, Zhong Z Y, Zhang H W 2019 Appl. Surf. Sci. 483 947 Google Scholar
[26]	Paiva D V M, Silva M A S, Ribeiro T S, Vasconcelos I F, Sombra A S B, Goes J C, Fechine P B A 2015 J. Alloy. Compd. 644 763 Google Scholar
[27]	Khanra S, Bhaumik A, Kolekar Y D, Kahol P, Ghosh K 2014 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 369 14 Google Scholar
[28]	Wang S H, Li G, Guo E J, Zhao Y, Wang J Y, Zou L K, Yan H, Cai J W, Zhang Z T, Wang M, Tian Y Y, Zheng X L, Sun J R, Jin K X 2018 Phys. Rev. Mater. 2 051401(R Google Scholar
[29]	Uchida K, Ishida M, Kikkawa T, Kirihara A, Murakami T, Saitoh E 2014 J. Phys-Condens. Mat. 26 343202 Google Scholar
[30]	Wiengarten A, Seufert K, Auwarter W, Ecija D, Diller K, Allegretti F, Bischoff F, Fischer S, Duncan D A, Papageorgiou A C, Klappenberger F, Acres R G, Ngo T H, Barth J V 2014 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136 9346 Google Scholar
[31]	Abdullah E A, Abdullah A H, Zainal Z, Hussein M Z, Ban T K 2012 J. Environ. Sci. 24 1876 Google Scholar
[32]	Siao Y J, Qi X D, Lin C R, Huang J C A 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 07a508 Google Scholar
[33]	Scott G B, Lacklison D E, Page J L 1974 Phys. Rev. B 10 971 Google Scholar
[34]	Sparks M, Loudon R, Kittel C 1961 Phys. Rev. 122 791 Google Scholar
[35]	Jin H Y, Boona S R, Yang Z H, Myers R C, Heremans J P 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 054436 Google Scholar
[36]	Kikkawa T, Uchida K, Daimon S, Qiu Z Y, Shiomi Y, Saitoh E 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 064413 Google Scholar
[37]	Rezende S M, Rodriguez-Suarez R L, Cunha R O, Rodrigues A R, Machado F L A, Guerra G A F, Ortiz J C L, Azevedo A 2014 Phys. Rev. B 89 014416 Google Scholar
[38]	Wang S H, Li G, Wang J Y, Tian Y Y, Zhang H R, Zou L K, Sun J R, Jin K X 2018 Chinese Phys. B 27 117201 Google Scholar
[39]	Chen Y T, Takahashi S, Nakayama H, Althammer M, Goennenwein S T B, Saitoh E, Bauer G E W 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 144411 Google Scholar

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Spin transport properties of Bi_xY_3–xFe₅O₁₂thin films prepared by spin coating