Research on the electronic phase transitions in strongly correlated oxides and multi-field regulation

Zhou Xuan-Chi; Li Hai-Fan

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20240289

Abstract

External-field-triggered multiple electronic phase transitions within correlated oxides open up a new paradigm to explore exotic physical functionalities and new quantum transitions via regulating the electron correlations and the interplay in the degrees of freedom, which makes the multidisciplinary fields have the promising application prospects, such as neuromorphic computing, magnetoelectric coupling, smart windows, bio-sensing, and energy conversion. This review presents a comprehensive picture of regulating the electronic phase transitions for correlated oxides via multi-field covering the VO₂ and ReNiO₃, thus highlighting the critical role of external field in exploring the exotic physical property and designing new quantum states. Beyond conventional semiconductors, the complex interplay in the charge, lattice, orbital and spin degrees of freedom within correlated oxides triggers abundant correlated physical functionalities that are rather susceptible to the external field. For example, hydrogen-related electron-doping Mottronics makes it possible to discover new electronic phase and magnetic ground states in the hydrogen-related phase diagram of correlated oxides. In addition, filling-controlled Mottronics by using hydrogenation triggers multiple orbital reconfigurations for correlated oxides away from the correlated electronic ground state that results in new quantum transitions via directly manipulating the d-orbital configuration and occupation, such as unconventional Ni-based superconductivity. The transition metals of correlated oxides are generally substituted by dopants to effectively adjust the electronic phase transitions via introducing the carrier doping and/or lattice strain. Imparting an interfacial strain to correlated oxides introduces an additional freedom to manipulate the electronic phase transition via distorting the lattice framework, owing to the interplay between charge and lattice degrees of freedom. In recent years, the polarization field associated with BiFeO₃ or PMN-PT material triggered by a cross-plane electric field has been used to adjust the electronic phase transition of correlated oxides that enriches the promising correlated electronic devices. The exotic physical phenomenon as discovered in the correlated oxides originates from the non-equilibrium states that are triggered by imparting external fields. Nevertheless, the underneath mechanism as associated with the regulation in the electronic phase transitions of correlated oxides is still in a long-standing puzzle, owing to the strong correlation effect. As a representative case, hydrogen-associated Mottronic transition introduces an additional ion degree of freedom into the correlated oxides that is rather difficult to decouple from the correlated system. In addition, from the perspective of material synthesis, the above-mentioned correlated oxides are expected to be compatible with conventional semiconducting process, by which the prototypical correlated electronic devices can be largely developed. The key point that accurately adjusts and designs the electronic phase transitions for correlated oxides via external fields is presented to clarify the basic relationship between the microscopic degrees of freedom and macroscopic correlated physical properties. On the basis, the multiple electronic phase transitions as triggered by external field within correlated oxides provide new guidance for designing new functionality and interdisciplinary device applications.

Keywords:

strongly correlated oxides /
electronic phase transition /
correlated physical property regulation /
metal-to-insulator transition

Authors and contacts

Zhou Xuan-Chi^1,2,
Li Hai-Fan³

1.
Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
2.
Collaborative Innovation Center for Shanxi Advanced Permanent Magnetic Materials and Technology, Research Institute of Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
3.
Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China

Corresponding author: Zhou Xuan-Chi, xuanchizhou@sxnu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12174237, 52171183).

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Cited By

图 1 强关联氧化物金属-绝缘体转变(MIT)机理的示意图　(a) 二氧化钒(VO₂); (b) 稀土镍酸盐(ReNiO₃), 图(a)中标注的SPT为结构相变(structure phase transition)的缩写

Figure 1. Schematic of the mechanism associated with the metal-to-insulator transition: (a) VO₂; (b) ReNiO₃, SPT is structure phase transition.

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图 2 多场调控强关联氧化物电子相变特性的示意图

Figure 2. Schematic of regulating the electronic phase transitions for correlated oxides via multiple fields.

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图 3 化学掺杂调控强关联氧化物的电子相变特性　(a) 放电等离子体辅助的反应掺杂策略示意图^[42]; (b) 掺杂VO₂的相变温度随掺杂量的变化关系图^[42]; (c) 掺杂VO₂的相变尖锐度随相变温度的变化关系图^[43]

Figure 3. Regulating the electronic phase transition for correlated oxides via chemical doping: (a) Schematic of spark plasma assisted reactive doping strategy^[42]; (b) the transition temperature for doped VO₂ plotted as a function of doping concentration^[42]; (c) the transition sharpness for doped VO₂ plotted as a function of doping concentration^[43].

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图 4 质子化调控强关联氧化物的电子相变特性　(a) 质子化触发VO₂发生多重轨道重构的示意图^[5]; (b) 氢化VO₂的氢含量深度分布图及其阻温特性^[5]; (c) VO₂中氢含量随W⁶⁺掺杂含量的变化关系图^[57]

Figure 4. Regulating the electronic phase transition for correlated oxides via protonation: (a) Schematic of hydrogen-induced multiple orbital reconfigurations within VO₂^[5]; (b) the depth profile of the hydrogen concentration and the temperature dependence of the resistivity for hydrogenated VO₂^[5]; (c) the hydrogen content for W⁶⁺-substituted VO₂ plotted as a function of W⁶⁺ doping concentration^[57].

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图 5 界面应力调控强关联氧化物的电子相变特性　(a) 质子化触发NiO发生多重电子相变示意图^[53]; (b) NiO/PMN-PT异质结的阻态翻转^[53]; (c) 界面应力调控NiO的载流子跃迁激活能^[53]

Figure 5. Regulating the electronic phase transition for correlated oxides via interfacial strain: (a) Schematic of hydrogen-triggered multiple electronic phase transitions^[53]; (b) the resistive switching of NiO/PMN-PT heterostructure^[53]; (c) manipulating the carrier hooping energy of NiO by using interfacial strain^[53].

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图 6 特征电场调控氢化强关联氧化物的电子相变特性　(a) 特征电场触发VO₂ 可逆的氢致电子相变^[5]; (b) 特征电场诱导氢化SmNiO₃中类二极管的奇异输运行为^[70]; (c) SmNiO₃基海洋电场传感器原理图^[71]; (d) SmNiO₃海洋电场传感的晶体学各向异性^[71]

Figure 6. Regulating the electronic phase transition for hydrogenated correlated oxides via imparting a critical electric field: (a) Voltage-actuated reversible hydrogen-associated electronic phase transition of VO₂ ^[5]; (b) electrically tunable diode-like transport behavior of hydrogenated SmNiO₃ ^[70]; (c) schematic of SmNiO₃-based ocean electric field sensor^[71]; (d) the crystallographic anisotropy in the ocean electric field sensing of SmNiO₃^[71].

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