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Porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) films, owing to their excellent dielectric, mechanical, and optical properties, have been widely applied in electronic devices, catalytic supports, and optical materials. Anodization is the primary method for fabricating high-quality porous AAO films, The conductive behavior and mechanism of commonly used carbon rod counter electrodes represent significant factors influencing the microstructure and properties of the films. In this study, a 6 wt% phosphoric acid solution was employed as the electrolyte, circular aluminum foil served as the anode, and carbon rods were used as the counter electrode with an inter-electrode distance of 15 cm, The oxidation time was fixed at 40 s. The conductive behavior of the carbon rod under oxidation voltages ranging from 100 V to 140 V was experimentally investigated. Results showed that the pore depth and diameter of the AAO film symmetrically decreased from the film center toward the edges. When the oxidation voltage was below 110 V, the gradients of pore depth and diameter from the center outward were relatively small, resulting in a macroscopically uniform structural color. At an oxidation voltage of 110 V, the gradients of pore depth and diameter increased significantly, producing iridescent concentric ring structural colors. With further increase in voltage, the gradients became more pronounced, the number of structural color rings increased, and the visible color gamut was significantly broadened. Electromagnetic and electrochemical theories were utilized to calculate the conductive behavior of the carbon rod under different oxidation voltages and to analyze its conduction mechanism. The carbon rod was found to exhibit “quasi-point electrode” conductive characteristics, with the selection of point electrode positions on the carbon rod following the principle of minimizing the resistance between the two electrodes. This finding not only enriches the electrochemical theory of anodization but also provides theoretical and experimental support for the fabrication of multifunctional AAO films.
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Keywords:
- Porous anodic aluminum oxide /
- quasi-point electrode /
- current density gradient /
- structural color modulation
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