Based on the sliding mode variable structure control theory and the adaptive control technique, a single-state adaptive-feedback controller containing a novel fractional integral sliding surface is developed to synchronize a class of fractional-orderchaotic systems. According to the modulation-parameter principle, using single driving variable for a fractional order chaotic system, a kind of digital communication scheme is presented. The results of the circuit stimulation and the circuit experiment show that the information can be received and sent successfully, which demonstrates the feasibility and the effectiveness of the scheme.