多孔钛酸钡陶瓷制备及其增强的压电灵敏性

景奇; 李晓娟

doi:10.7498/aps.68.20181790

摘要

在压电陶瓷中增加孔洞数量, 可以有效改善陶瓷的静水压优值, 提高其压电灵敏性. 考虑到铅基压电陶瓷对环境和人体的危害, 本文以糊精为造孔剂, 采用传统固相烧结法制备无铅钛酸钡(BaTiO₃)多孔压电陶瓷. 研究烧结温度(1250, 1280, 1300 ℃)和糊精含量(5%, 10%, 15%)对BaTiO₃陶瓷晶体结构、孔隙率以及孔形貌特征的影响, 探索孔隙率与BaTiO₃陶瓷介电、压电、声阻抗以及静水压优值等性能之间的相关性. 结果表明: 所有多孔陶瓷表现出三维贯通的开气孔, 尺寸约为1—7 ${\text{μ}}{\rm m}$. 烧结温度强烈影响BaTiO₃陶瓷的孔隙率, 加入10%低沸点的糊精时, 1250 ℃和1280 ℃烧结均获得孔隙率高达58%的多孔BaTiO₃陶瓷; 然而1300 ℃烧结, 陶瓷孔隙率急速下降到13%. 1250 ℃烧结10%糊精含量的陶瓷表现出高的静水压优值(约8376 × 10^–15 Pa^–1)和低的声阻抗(约2.84 MRrayls (1 Rayl = 10 Pa·s/m)). 与1250 ℃相比, 1280 ℃烧结的陶瓷晶粒之间的结合力明显增强, 有利于提高陶瓷的力学强度. 这些优异的性能预示着多孔钛酸钡陶瓷在传感器和水听器领域有着潜在的应用前景.

关键词:

Abstract

Porous piezoelectric ceramic shows some advantages, such as high hydrostatic figure of merit, low acoustic impedance, and excellent piezoelectric sensitivity, compared with its compact counterpart. These merits make it used widely in various electronic devices, such as underwater acoustic transducer, ultrasonic transducer, and sensor. Currently, the researches of porous piezoelectric ceramics mainly focus on the Pb(Zr, Ti)O₃ ceramic, which is harmful to environment and human health. In this paper, the lead-free porous barium titanate (BaTiO₃) ceramic doped with dextrin is prepared by using the conventional solid-state method. The effects of sintered temperature and dextrin content on the structure, porosity, and morphology of the pores are studied experimentally and theoretically. Also, the relationship between porosity and dielectric, piezoelectricity, electro-mechanical coupling factor, acoustic impedance, and hydrostatic figure of merit are explored. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows that the lattice constants of ceramic are not affected by dextrin. The BaTiO₃ ceramic demonstrates single perovskite structure with P4mm space group. The SEM micrograph reveals that the porous ceramic has three-dimensional open pores with the size of 1−7 ${\text{μ}}{\rm m}$. Sintering temperature plays a key role in porosity in the BaTiO₃ ceramic. The porosity of ceramic gradually declines with sintered temperature increasing from 1250 to 1300 °C. The max porosity of up to 58% is obtained in 10% dextrin-doped BaTiO₃ ceramic sintered at 1250 °C. The porosity of 5% dextrin-doped ceramic is smaller than that of the undoped one when the sintering temperature is 1250 °C or 1280 °C, indicating that a small amount of dextrin is beneficial to the densification of BaTiO₃ ceramic. Both the dielectric and piezoelectric property gradually decrease with dextrin content increasing. For the BaTiO₃ ceramic, high sintering temperature contributes to better dielectric and piezoelectric property than low temperature. Here, the ceramic with 10% of dextrin sintered at 1250 °C exhibits the highest hydrostatic figure of merit (8376 × 10^–15 Pa^–1) and the lowest acoustic impedance (~ 2.84 Mrayls). The binding force between grains is also obviously enhanced in the ceramic sintered at 1280 °C, which is very helpful for their mechanical strength improvement. The excellent properties of the BaTiO₃ ceramic doped with dextrin indicate its potential applications in sensor and hydrophone.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

景奇,
李晓娟

西安工业大学材料与化工学院, 陕西省光电功能材料与器件重点实验室, 西安　710021

通信作者: 李晓娟, lixiaojuan28@163.com

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 51602242, 51772235)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, China

Corresponding author: Li Xiao-Juan, lixiaojuan28@163.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51602242, 51772235).

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

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施引文献

图 1 不同糊精含量的BaTiO₃陶瓷粉体的XRD图谱

Fig. 1. XRD of BaTiO₃ ceramics powder with different dextrin content.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 多孔BaTiO₃陶瓷孔隙率和体积密度随加入糊精量的变化曲线　(a) 孔隙率; (b) 相对密度

Fig. 2. Variation of porosity and density as a function of dextrin content in BaTiO₃ ceramics: (a) Porosity; (b) relativity density.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 不同烧结温度下糊精添加量为10%的BaTiO₃陶瓷的SEM图　(a) 1250 ℃; (b) 1280 ℃; (c) 1300 ℃; 图(a)插图为糊精的SEM照片

Fig. 3. SEM photos of 10% dextrin-doped porous BaTiO₃ ceramics sintered at different temperature: (a) 1250 °C; (b) 1280 °C; (c) 1300 °C. The inset of Fig. (a) is the SEM of dextrin.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同烧结温度下糊精添加量为10%的BaTiO₃陶瓷放大的SEM图　(a) 1250 ℃; (b) 1280 ℃

Fig. 4. Enlarged SEM photos of 10% dextrin-doped porous BaTiO₃ ceramics sintered at different temperature: (a) 1250 °C; (b) 1280 °C.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 不同烧结温度下BaTiO₃陶瓷压电应变常数d₃₃与糊精含量的关系　(a) 1250 ℃; (b) 1280 ℃

Fig. 5. Dependence of d₃₃ on dextrin content in porous BaTiO₃ ceramics sintered at different temperature: (a) 1250 °C; (b) 1280 °C.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 1250 ℃和1280 ℃烧结的BaTiO₃陶瓷介电常数(${\varepsilon _ {\rm{r}}}$)和平面机电耦合系数(k_p)随糊精添加量的变化关系(a) 介电常数; (b) 平面机电耦合系数

Fig. 6. Dependence of ${\varepsilon _ {\rm{r}}}$ and k_p on dextrin content in porous BaTiO₃ ceramics sintered at 1250 °C and 1280 °C: (a) ${\varepsilon _ {\rm{r}}}$; (b) k_p.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 1250 ℃和1280 ℃烧结的多孔BaTiO₃陶瓷声阻抗(Z)随糊精添加量的变化曲线

Fig. 7. Dependence of acoustic impedance on dextrin content in porous BaTiO₃ ceramics sintered at 1250 °C and 1280 °C.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 多孔BaTiO₃陶瓷静水压优值(HFOM)随糊精添加量的变化柱状图, 插图为1280 ℃烧结不同糊精添加量陶瓷的SEM图　(a)15%; (b)10%

Fig. 8. Hydrostatic figure of merit of porous BaTiO₃ ceramics as a function of dextrin content, the SEM photos of 1280 °C sintered ceramics with different dextrin content in the inset: (a) 15%; (b) 10%.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

[1]	Deville S 2008 Adv. Eng. Mater. 10 155 Google Scholar
[2]	朱小龙, 苏雪筠 2000 中国陶瓷 36 36 Google Scholar Zhu X L, Su X Y 2000 Chin. Ceram. 36 36 Google Scholar
[3]	Guo R, Wang C A, Yang A K 2011 J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 31 605 Google Scholar
[4]	Ryosuke B, Tomoaki K, Tadashi F 2016 J. Chin. Ceram. Soc. 3 9 Google Scholar
[5]	Zhu S, Cao L, Xiong Z, Lu C, Gao Z 2018 J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 38 2251 Google Scholar
[6]	全宸良, 娄盛涵, 刘勃, 陈宇翔, 张里程, 唐佩福 2017 解放军医学院学报 38 430 Google Scholar Quan C L, Lou S H, Liu B, Chen Y X, Zhang L C, Tang P F 2017 J. PLA Med. Coll. 38 430 Google Scholar
[7]	Zhang Y, Roscow J, Xie M, Bowen C 2018 J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 38 4203 Google Scholar
[8]	蒋招绣, 辛铭之, 申海艇, 刘雨生 2015 物理学报 64 134601 Google Scholar Jiang Z X, Xin M Z, Shen H T, Liu Y S 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 134601 Google Scholar
[9]	刘炜 2014 博士学位论文(山西: 中北大学) Liu W 2014 Ph. D. Dissertation (Shanxi: North University) (in Chinese)
[10]	Eichhorn F, Stenzel A, Weisenseel B, Travitzky N, Kakimoto K I 2017 Mater. Lett. 206 158 Google Scholar
[11]	Xu T, Wang C A 2016 Mater. Des. 91 242 Google Scholar
[12]	Roscow J I, Lewis R W C, Taylor J, Bowen C R 2017 Acta Mater. 128 207 Google Scholar
[13]	Liu B L, Chen L J, Shao C S, Zhang F Q, Zhou K C, Cao J, Zhang D 2016 Mater. Sci. Eng., C 61 8 Google Scholar
[14]	Li P, Pu Y, Dong Z, Gao P 2014 J. Electron. Mater. 43 459 Google Scholar
[15]	Kim J G, Ha J G, Lim T W, Park K 2006 Mater. Lett. 60 1505 Google Scholar
[16]	Tan J, Li Z R 2016 J. Mater. Sci. 51 5092 Google Scholar
[17]	汤婷 2009 硕士学位论文(湖北: 华中科技大学) Tang T 2009 M.S. Thesis (Hubei: Huazhong University of Science and Technology) (in Chinese)
[18]	曾涛, 董显林, 毛朝梁, 梁瑞虹, 杨洪 2006 物理学报 55 3073 Google Scholar Zeng T, Dong X L, Mao C L, Liang R H, Yang H 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 3073 Google Scholar
[19]	聂恒昌, 王永龄, 贺红亮, 王根水, 董显林 2018 无机材料学报 33 153 Nie H C, Wang Y L, He H L, Wang G S, Dong X L 2018 J. Inorg. Mater. 33 153
[20]	Xu T, Wang C A 2016 J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 36 2647 Google Scholar
[21]	Okazaki K, Nagata K 1973 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 56 82 Google Scholar

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多孔钛酸钡陶瓷制备及其增强的压电灵敏性