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中国物理学会期刊

Ca24Al28O644+(4e)电子化合物的直接合成及热发射性能

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.68.20190070

Direct synthesis of Ca24Al28O644+(4e) electride and its thermionic emission performance

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.68.20190070
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  • Ca24Al28O644+(4e)电子化合物是一种具有高载流子密度、低逸出功的透明导电氧化物, 但是繁琐的制备步骤、苛刻的工艺条件极大地限制了其实际应用. 本文以特定化学计量比的Ca12Al14O33+CaAl2O4两相为前驱体, 在放电等离子烧结系统里通过原位钙热反应成功制备了多晶C12A7:e. 在烧结温度为1100 ℃, 保温时间为10 min的条件下, 其电子浓度基本达到理论最大值~2.3×1021 cm–3, 在2.5 eV处出现明显的紫外吸收峰, 致密度可达99%以上. 同时用顺磁共振谱仪分析了其电子结构, 结果呈Dyson特性, 这些结果充分证明了电子有效地注入到笼腔结构中. 热电子发射测试结果显示: 在阴极温度为1373 K, 外加电场为35000 V/cm的条件下, C12A7:e的热发射电流密度为1.75 A/cm2, 有效逸出功为2.07 eV. 该工艺提供了一种新型的电子注入方法, 大幅度缩短了制备周期使大规模生产成为可能.

     

    Ca24Al28O644+(4e) eletride, as the first room-temperature stable inorganic electride, has attracted intensive attention because of its fascinating chemical, electrical, optical, and magnetic properties. However, it usually needs synthesizing through a complicated multistep process involving high temperature (e.g., 1350 °C), severe reduction (e.g., 700–1300 ℃ for up to 240 h in Ca or Ti metal vapor atmosphere) and post-purification. Owing to the H2O sensitivity of mayenite, the post-purification is quite troublesome once impurities are introduced. High-density, loosely bound encaged electrons with a low work function make it promise to possess practical applications. Therefore the facile method of massively producing the high-quality C12A7:e with high Ne is extremely desired. In this work, C12A7:e bulks are for the first time synthesized by simple spark plasma sintering process directly from a mixture of C12A7, CA and Ca powders under milder conditions (e.g., sintered at 1070 ℃ for 10 min in a vacuum). The obtained electride, which exhibits a relative density of 99%, an electron concentration of ~2.3×1021 cm–3 and an obvious absorption peak at 2.5 eV, is obtained via SPS process at 1100 ℃ for 10 min. Electronic structure is also investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance. The occurrence of Dysonian characteristic, a typical feature of good electronic conductors, strongly suggests that the electrons are trapped in mayenite cavities. Furthermore, the obtained C12A7:e exhibits good sinterabilty on a crystal scale of 5–40 μm. Thermionic emission test results show that the thermionic emission begins to occur at 700 K and a large current density of 1.75 A/cm2 is obtained in the electron thermal emission from a flat surface of the polycrystalline C12A7:e with an effective work function of 2.09 eV for a temperature of 1373 K with an applied electric field of ~35000 V/cm in a vacuum. Owing to no external reductant is needed, this developed route exhibits notable superiority over the conventional reduction method for phase-pure C12A7:e. Therefore, these results not only suggest a novel precursor for fabricating mayenite electride but also make it possible to produce efficiently the electride in large volume.

     

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