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酸性环境引发的岩石孔隙表面溶解增加了孔隙内水溶液的盐离子浓度, 破坏了孔隙的表面结构. 本文采用分子动力学模拟的方法研究了纳米级岩石孔隙内水溶液的流动特性, 分析了盐离子浓度和孔隙表面结构对水流速度分布的影响及原因. 研究结果表明: 纳米级岩石孔隙内的水溶液流动符合泊肃叶流动特性, 流速呈“抛物线”分布; 随盐离子浓度增加, 水溶液内部氢键网络变得更为致密, 水黏度随其呈线性增长; 水溶液中离子浓度越大, 孔隙表面对水流动的阻力越大, 最大流速越小, 速度分布的“抛物线”曲率半径越大; 岩石孔隙表面结构的破坏改变了流动表面的粗糙程度, 增加了孔隙表面对H2O分子的吸引力. 随表面结构破坏程度的增大, 水溶液在近壁区域的密度增大, 流速降低; 当表面破坏程度达到50%时, 水溶液在近壁区域出现了明显的负边界滑移现象.The surface dissolution of rock nanopores, caused by the acidic environment, increases the salt concentration of water solution flowing in the nanopores, thereby destroying the surface structure of the rock, which can be found in CO2 geological sequestration and crude oil and shale gas exploration. In this paper, the molecular dynamics method is adopted to study the flow characteristics of water solution in the forsterite (Mg2SiO4) slit nanopores, by which the effects of salt concentration and structure destruction of pore surface on the velocity profiles of water solution confined in nanopores are systematically analyzed. The hydrogen bond density, radial distribution function (RDF) and water density distribution are calculated to explain the changes in viscosity, velocity profiles and interaction between water and nanopore surface. The results show that as the salt concentration increases, the water solution flow in the rock nanopore obeys the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, and the velocity profiles of water solution remain parabolic shape. However, the hydrogen bond network among water molecules becomes denser with salt concentration increasing, which can account for the linear increase in the viscosity of water solution. Besides, the higher salt concentration gives rise to the larger water flow resistance from the pore surface. As a result, with the salt concentration increasing, the maximum of water velocity decreases and the curvature radius of the parabolic velocity profile curve becomes bigger. Moreover, the surface structure destruction in rock nanopores changes the roughness of surface in the flow channel, which enhances the attraction of nanopore surface to H2O. As the structure destruction of nanopore surface deteriorates, the water density near the rough surface moves upward, whereas the velocity of water near the rough surface declines obviously. Interestingly, when the degree of surface structure destruction reaches 50%, a significant negative boundary slipping near the rough surface appears.
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Keywords:
- rock nanopore /
- rock dissolution /
- molecular dynamics simulation /
- flow
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图 1 纳米级镁橄榄石孔隙内水溶液流动的模拟系统图
Fig. 1. The simulation system of water solution flow in the forsterite nanopore.
图 2 Mg2SiO4晶体拉伸的分子模拟应力-应变曲线
Fig. 2. The stress-strain curves of the Mg2SiO4 crystal stretching obtained using molecular dynamics simulation.
图 3 (a)纯水和MgCl2含盐水中以0.32 nm半径的水合壳结构示意图; (b)不同MgCl2浓度下纳米级镁橄榄石孔隙内纯水和含盐水的+Z向速度分布
Fig. 3. (a) Snapshots for the solvation shell with a radius of 0.4 nm in pure water and MgCl2 solution, (b) the velocity profiles in the +Z direction of water solution in the forsterite nanopore with different MgCl2 concentrations.
图 4 (a)不同MgCl2浓度含盐水的黏度及其内部氢键密度; (b)不同MgCl2浓度含盐水Ow-Ow原子对的径向分布函数
Fig. 4. (a) The viscosity and hydrogen bond density of water solution with different MgCl2 concentrations; (b) the radial distribution function of Ow-Ow near the wall of nanopores.
图 5 Mg-Ow原子对的径向分布函数
Fig. 5. The radial distribution function of Mg-Ow near the wall of nanopores.
图 6 不同表面结构破坏程度的纳米级镁橄榄石孔隙示意图
Fig. 6. The schematic of forsterite nanopores with various degrees of surface structure destruction.
图 7 不同表面结构破坏程度下纳米级镁橄榄石孔隙内水的+Z向速度分布
Fig. 7. The velocity profiles in the +Z direction of water solution in forsterite nanopores with various degrees of surface structure destruction.
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[1] Schrag D P J 2007 Science 315 812
Google Scholar
[2] Liu B, Qi C, Zhao X, Teng G, Zhao L, Zheng H, Zhan K, Shi J 2018 J. Phys. Chem. C 122 26671
Google Scholar
[3] Cunningham A B, Gerlach R, Spangler L, Mitchell A C 2009 Energy Procedia. 1 3245
Google Scholar
[4] Pournik M, Nasr-El-Din H A, Mahmoud M A 2011 SPE Prod. Oper. 26 18
[5] Li Z, Xu Y, Yang L, Guo J, Chen J J 2016 Aust. J. Earth. Sci. 63 503
Google Scholar
[6] Black J R, Carroll S A, Haese R R 2015 Chem. Geol. 399 134
Google Scholar
[7] 黄桥高, 潘光, 宋保维 2014 物理学报 63 054701
Google Scholar
Huang Q G, Pan G, Song B W 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 054701
Google Scholar
[8] 葛宋, 陈民 2013 工程热物理学报 34 1527
Ge S, Chen M 2013 J. Eng. Therm. 34 1527
[9] 杨峰, 宁正福, 胡昌蓬, 王波, 彭凯, 刘慧卿 2013 石油学报 34 301
Google Scholar
Yang F, Ning Z F, Hu C P, Wang B, Peng K, Liu H Q 2013 Acta Petrol. Sin. 34 301
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Google Scholar
[18] 杨倩 2018 博士学位论文 (成都: 西南交通大学)
Yang Q 2018 Ph. D. Dissertation (Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University) (in Chinese)
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Google Scholar
Zhang Y, Zhang R, Chang Q, Li H, 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 124702
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Google Scholar
[21] 梅涛, 陈独秀, 杨历, 王坤, 苗瑞灿 2019 物理学报 68 094701
Google Scholar
Mei T, Chen D X, Yang L, Wang K, Miao C C, 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 094701
Google Scholar
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Nan Y L, Kong X, Li J P, Lu D N 2017 J. Chem. Ind. Eng. (China) 68 1786
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[41] Alvarez N J, Uguz A K 2013 Phys. Fluids 25 7336
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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