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传统太赫兹超材料吸收器设计需多次试错调整，十分依赖设计人员的经验，设计时间成本高、效率低，而目前基于机器学习的设计方法或需要准备大量样本，或无法并行优化多个目标。为解决这一问题，本文提出一种基于多目标粒子群的几何参数优化方法，以吸收率和品质因子为设计目标寻找符合要求的结构参数和介质厚度，并以一个由四个角码型金属组成的中心对称结构的吸收器为例进行优化设计。仿真结果表明，多目标粒子群所快速获取的结构几何参数可以同时满足高吸收率和高品质因子两个设计目标，明显优于粒子群算法。通过该方法设计的吸收器在1.613THz的吸收率大于99%、品质因子为319.72，其传感灵敏度可达264.5GHz/RIU。相比于传统设计方法，此方法设计出的超材料吸收器可以实现高吸收率、高品质因子和高灵敏度，为超材料吸收器的设计提供了新的思路，具有广阔的应用前景。Metamaterials can freely control terahertz waves to obtain the desired electromagnetic characteristics by designing the geometry and direction of the unit structure, which is widely used in sensing, communication and stealth technology in radar. The traditional design of terahertz metamaterial absorber usually requires continuous structural adjustment and a large number of simulations to meet the expected requirements. The process is heavily dependent on the experience of researchers, and the physical modeling and simulation solution process is time-consuming and inefficient, which has greatly hindered the development of metamaterial absorbers. Therefore, deep learning has been used to predict the structural parameters or spectra of metamaterial absorbers due to its powerful learning ability. However, when designing a new structure, a large number of training samples need to be reprepared, which is time-consuming and not universal. Particle swarm optimization can quickly converge to the optimal solution through the sharing and cooperation of individual information in the group, without prior preparation. Therefore, this paper proposed a fast design method of terahertz metamaterial absorber based on multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm. Taking a new center symmetric absorber structure composed of four L as an example, the structure parameters are optimized to achieve fast automatic design of metamaterial absorber. The multi-objective particle swarm optimization takes the absorptivity and quality factor as independent targets to design the structure parameters of the absorber, realizes the dual-objective optimization of the absorber, and overcomes the shortcoming of the multi-objective conflict that PSO cannot solve. The optimally-designed absorber achieves perfect absorption at 1.613THz with a quality factor of up to 319.72 and a sensing sensitivity of 264.5GHz/RIU when used for refractive index sensing. In addition, the causes of absorption peaks are analyzed in detail using impedance matching, surface current, and electric field distribution. By studying the polarization characteristics of the absorber, it is found that it is not sensitive to polarization, which is more stable in practical application. In summary, the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm can realize the design according to the demand, reduce the experience requirement of researchers in the design of metamaterial absorber, improve the design efficiency and performance, and have great application potential in the design of terahertz functional devices.
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Keywords:
- Terahertz metamaterial absorber /
- Multi-objective optimization /
- Particle swarm optimization /
- Parameter optimization
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