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Hydrogen is widely considered as an ideal alternative energy resource because of its high efficiency, abundance, nonpollution, and renewable nature. One of the main challenges is finding efficient materials that can store hydrogen safely with rapid kinetics, favorable thermodynamics, and high hydrogen density under ambient conditions. The nanomaterial is one of the most promising hydrogen storage materials because of its high surface to volume rate, unique electronic structure and novel chemical and physical properties. In this study, the hydrogen storage properties of Na-decorated Bn(n=3 - 10) clusters are investigated using dispersion-corrected density functional theory and atomic density matrix propagation (ADMP) simulations. The results demonstrate that Na atoms can stably bind to Bn clusters, forming BnNa2 complexes. The average binding energies of Na atoms on the host clusters (1.876-2.967 eV) are significantly higher than the cohesive energy of bulk Na (1.113 eV), effectively preventing aggregation of Na atoms on the cluster surface. Furthermore, when Na atoms bind to Bn (n=3 - 10) clusters, electrons transfer from Na to B atoms, resulting in positively charged Na atoms. Hydrogen molecules are moderately polarized under the electric field and adsorbed around Na atoms through electrostatic interactions. The H-H bonds are slightly stretched but do not break. The Na-decorated Bn clusters can adsorb up to 10 hydrogen molecules with average adsorption energies of 0.063-0.095 eV/H₂ and maximum hydrogen storage densities reaching 11.57-20.45 wt%. Almost no structural change is observed in the host clusters after hydrogen adsorption. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the desorption rate of hydrogen molecules increases with temperature. At ambient temperature (300 K), BnNa2 (n=3-8) clusters achieve complete dehydrogenation within 262 fs, while B9Na2 and B10Na2 clusters exhibit a dehydrogenation rate of 90% within 1000 fs. The Na-decorated Bn(n=3-10) clusters not only exhibit excellent properties of hydrogen storage but also enable efficient dehydrogenation at ambient temperature. Thus, BnNa2 (n=3-10) clusters can be regarded as highly promising candidates for hydrogen storage.
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Keywords:
- Boron clusters /
- Hydrogen storage performance /
- Adsorption energy /
- Density functional theory
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