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高熵合金纤维因其优异的力学性能和稳定性，在高科技领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而，该类材料强塑性不匹配的问题制约了其进一步应用，虽然热处理可以进一步优化其力学性能，但传统热处理方法对时间和能源的消耗较高，且难以精准调控材料的组织，易导致晶粒粗化。本文采用电流处理技术调制微米级(直径~70 μm)冷拔态CoCrFeNi高熵合金纤维的性能，采用电子背散射衍射、透射电子显微镜以及同步辐射等技术探讨了电流处理过程中的热效应与非热效应对材料组织结构和力学性能的影响，建立了CoCrFeNi纤维再结晶形核和长大模型。相比于传统热处理，电流处理过程中电子风力和焦耳热效应的协同作用显著加快再结晶过程，获得更细小且均匀的晶粒，并有效降低位错密度，进而获得更优异的力学性能。电流处理可获得屈服强度400~2033 MPa的纤维，延伸率最高可达53%。本文证实，电流处理可作为优化高熵合金纤维组织结构及性能的有效手段，为高性能金属纤维的制备及工程化应用提供理论支撑和工艺指导。High-entropy alloy (HEA) microfibers exhibit promising prospects in microscale high-tech applications owing to their exceptional mechanical properties and stability. However, the strength-plasticity tradeoff largely hinders their further industrial applications. Heat treatment can optimize the mechanical properties of HEA microfibers. However, it should be noticed that conventional heat treatment (CHT) faces challenges in precisely regulating microstructures within short durations while being prone to grain coarsening that compromises performance. This study employs an electric current treatment (ECT) technique to finely modulate the properties of cold-drawn CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy microfibers at the microscale (~70 μm diameter), systematically investigating the effects of thermal and athermal effects during ECT on microstructure and mechanical properties via electron back scatter diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and synchrotron radiation. A recrystallization, nucleation, and growth model for HEA microfibers is established. Compared to CHT, the synergistic effects of electron wind force and Joule heating during ECT significantly accelerate recrystallization kinetics, yielding finer and more homogeneous grains with a great decrease in dislocation density, and finally lead to better mechanical properties. The ECT-processed HEA microfibers achieve a yield strength ranging from 400 to 2033 MPa and a tensile elongation reaching 53%, which are markedly higher than those of CHT samples. This work demonstrates that ECT is effective for optimizing the microstructure and properties of HEA microfibers. Meanwhile, the results obtained here can provide both a theoretical foundation and technical guidance for the fabrication of high-performance metallic microfibers.
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Keywords:
- High-entropy alloy /
- Microfibers /
- Electric current treatment /
- Microstructure /
- Mechanical properties
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