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为满足重力梯度测量卫星无拖曳飞行任务和近地轨道高分辨率观测卫星精确维轨任务对离子推力器连续变推力能力及其高分辨率特性的应用需求，对高分辨率宽范围变推力离子推力器开展了技术研究与应用验证。基于Kaufman型离子推力器等离子体放电与离子束流引出两大关键物理过程之间的弱耦合性和相对分离性，提出了发散场构型的宽范围变推力离子推力器技术方案，开展了放电室宽范围放电稳定性设计、兼顾宽温域启动和高密度引出需求的凹球面离子光学系统构型设计以及空心阴极电流发射连续性设计等技术研究工作。基于此，完成了10cm口径高分辨率宽范围连续变推力离子推力器的设计优化与地面性能评测，并在2023年实现在轨飞行应用。卫星在轨测试结果表明： 10cm口径高分辨率宽范围连续变推力离子推力器可在98.3-585.3W功率范围内实现1.39-20.05mN的推力调节，比冲保持在547-3056s范围内，与地面测试结果相当；推力响应速率约为3mN/s，推力分辨率不低于15μN，较地面测试结果更佳。相比同类型传统化学推进模式下的卫星轨道控制效果，基于10cm口径高分辨率宽范围连续变推力离子推力器的卫星维轨精度提高2个数量级，有效保障了卫星在轨工程任务的实施。To meet the application requirements of continuous variable thrust capability and high-resolution characteristics for ion thrusters in drag-free flight missions of gravity gradient measurement satellites and precise orbit maintenance missions of near-Earth high-resolution observation satellites, technical research and application verification were conducted on a high-resolution wide-range variable thrust ion thruster. Leveraging the weak coupling and relative independence between the two critical physical processes of plasma discharge and ion beam extraction in Kaufman-type ion thrusters, a wide-range variable thrust ion thruster technical scheme with a divergent magnetic field configuration was proposed. Key technical investigations included wide-range discharge stability in the discharge chamber, a concave spherical ion optical system configuration design balancing wide-temperature-range ignition and high-density extraction requirements, and hollow cathode current emission continuity design. Based on this, the design optimization and ground-based performance evaluation of a 10cm-aperture high-resolution wide-range continuously variable thrust ion thruster were completed, achieving on-orbit flight application in 2023. Satellite on-orbit test results demonstrate that the 10cm-aperture thruster achieves thrust regulation of 0.99–20.05 mN within a power range of 98.5–585 W, with specific impulse maintained at 410–3100 s, consistent with ground test results. The thrust response rate reaches approximately 3 mN/s, and thrust resolution exceeds 15 μN, outperforming ground test metrics. Compared to traditional chemical propulsion systems for satellite orbit control, the thruster enables a two-order-of-magnitude improvement in orbit maintenance accuracy, effectively ensuring the implementation of the satellite's on-orbit engineering missions.
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Keywords:
- High-Resolution /
- Continuously Variable Thrust /
- Ion Thruster /
- On-Orbit Verification
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