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条纹变像管因其超高时间分辨特性而成为实现皮秒至飞秒量级时间分辨的重要测量仪器. 本文设计了一种同时兼顾高时空分辨的行波偏转器前置短磁聚焦条纹变像管. 该管型通过减小电子渡越时间以抑制空间电荷效应、采用偏转器前置以及行波偏转方式提高偏转灵敏度，实现整管时空分辨率的大幅提升. 利用CST微波工作室有限元法数值计算条纹变像管行波偏转器的通频带宽、偏转灵敏度，结果表明：本设计中的行波偏转器因其较高的通频带宽特性实现了偏转器上的电磁波相速度在很宽频率范围内与电子轴向群速度匹配，产生更有效偏转. 利用CST粒子工作室模拟追踪光电子的运行轨迹，通过最佳像面上的时间调制传递函数和空间调制传递函数，计算得到其理论时间分辨率可达220 fs，空间分辨率高于100 lp/mm. 同时根据像差定义给出追踪实际电子轨迹的像差计算方法，实现对变像管成像质量评价. 最后利用紫外灯对其进行静态测试，获得静态空间分辨率优于35 lp/mm的结果.Owing to the excellent feature of ultrahigh temporal resolution, the streak image tube has been the indispensable scientific instrument for the application to measurement of ultrafast phenomena on subpicosecond time scale. In this paper, a new femtosecond streak image tube with both high temporal and spatial resolution is designed. To improve its integrated performance, a pair of traveling wave deflectors is located before a magnetic solenoid lens in the tube, which minimizes the electron transit time from anode to deflection plates and therefore reduces time dispersion and space charge effects. Using CST microwave studio finite element method, bandwidth and deflection sensitivity of traveling wave deflector have been studied numerically. The result shows that the wide bandwidth of the traveling wave deflectors designed is beneficial to slow down the electrical deflecting pulse to match the beam velocity in a wide frequency range, which can improve the deflection sensitivity. After tracing the trajectory of electrons and calculating the modulation transform function, we get temporal resolution of 220 fs and spatial resolution above 100 lp/mm. Based on the aberration theory, the aberration formulas of electron trajectory are deduced, which systematically evaluate the imaging quality of streak image tube with modulation transfer function. Finally, static experiment is carried out, and the result shows that the static spatial resolution is better than 35 lp/mm.
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Keywords:
- streak image tube /
- traveling wave deflector /
- magnetic solenoid lens /
- temporal resolution
[1] Bartelt A F, Comin A, Feng J, Nasiatka J R, Eimller T, Ludescher B, Schtz G, Padmore H A, Young A T, Scholl A 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 162503
[2] Lindenberg A M, Kang I, Johnson S L, Missalla T, Heimann P A, Chang Z, Larsson J, Bucksbaum P H, Kapteyn H C, Padmore H A, Lee R W, Wark J S, Falcone R W 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 111
[3] Johnson S L, Heimann P A, Lindenberg A M, Jeschke H O, Garcia M E, Chang Z, Lee R W, Rehr J J, Falcone R W 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 157403
[4] Dong J J, Cao Z R, Yang Z H, Chen B L, Huang T X, Deng B, Liu S Y, Jiang S E, Ding Y K, Yi S Z, Mu B Z 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 155208(in Chinese) [董建军, 曹柱荣, 杨正华, 陈伯伦, 黄天暄, 邓博, 刘慎业, 江少恩, 丁永坤, 伊圣振, 穆宝忠 2012 物理学报 61 155208]
[5] Sheng L, Wang L P, Li Y, Peng BＤ, Zhang M, Wu J, Wang P W, Wei F L, Yuan Y 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 105205(in Chinese) [盛亮, 王亮平, 李阳, 彭博栋, 张美, 吴坚, 王培伟, 魏福利, 袁媛2011 物理学报 60 105205]
[6] Takahashi A, Nishizawa M, Inagaki Y, Koishi M, Kinoshita K 1994 SPIE 2116 275
[7] Losovoi V, Ushkov I, Prokhorenko E, Schelev M, Smirnov A 2003 SPIE 4948 297
[8] Shakya M M, Chang Z H 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 041103
[9] Feng J, Engelhorn K, Cho B I, Lee H J, Greaves M, Weber C P, Falcone R W, Padmore H A, Heimann P A 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 134102
[10] Tian J S, Lei X H, Wen W L, Xu X Y, Wang J F 2011 Opt. Precision Eng. 19 2379 (in Chinese) [田进寿, 雷晓红, 温文龙, 徐向晏, 王俊锋 2011 光学精密工程 19 2379]
[11] Wu J X 2006 MS Thesis (LanZhou: LanZhou University)(in Chinese) [吴节险2006硕士学位论文(兰州:兰州大学)]
[12] Li H, Tian J S, Li Y, Wang C, Wen W L, Wang J F, Wang X C 2013 Acta Photonica Sinica 42 792 (in Chinese) [李昊, 田进寿, 李岩, 王超, 温文龙, 王俊峰, 王兴超 2013 光子学报 42 792]
[13] Tian J S, Zhao B S, Wu J J, Zhao W, Liu Y Q, Zhang J 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 3368(in Chinese) [田进寿, 赵宝升, 吴建军, 赵卫, 刘运全, 张杰 2006 物理学报 55 3368]
[14] Liu Y P 1985 MS Thesis (Xi'an: Xi'an Institute of Optics and Presicion Mechanics of CAS)(in Chinese) [刘月平1985硕士学位论文(西安:中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所)]
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[1] Bartelt A F, Comin A, Feng J, Nasiatka J R, Eimller T, Ludescher B, Schtz G, Padmore H A, Young A T, Scholl A 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 162503
[2] Lindenberg A M, Kang I, Johnson S L, Missalla T, Heimann P A, Chang Z, Larsson J, Bucksbaum P H, Kapteyn H C, Padmore H A, Lee R W, Wark J S, Falcone R W 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 111
[3] Johnson S L, Heimann P A, Lindenberg A M, Jeschke H O, Garcia M E, Chang Z, Lee R W, Rehr J J, Falcone R W 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 157403
[4] Dong J J, Cao Z R, Yang Z H, Chen B L, Huang T X, Deng B, Liu S Y, Jiang S E, Ding Y K, Yi S Z, Mu B Z 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 155208(in Chinese) [董建军, 曹柱荣, 杨正华, 陈伯伦, 黄天暄, 邓博, 刘慎业, 江少恩, 丁永坤, 伊圣振, 穆宝忠 2012 物理学报 61 155208]
[5] Sheng L, Wang L P, Li Y, Peng BＤ, Zhang M, Wu J, Wang P W, Wei F L, Yuan Y 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 105205(in Chinese) [盛亮, 王亮平, 李阳, 彭博栋, 张美, 吴坚, 王培伟, 魏福利, 袁媛2011 物理学报 60 105205]
[6] Takahashi A, Nishizawa M, Inagaki Y, Koishi M, Kinoshita K 1994 SPIE 2116 275
[7] Losovoi V, Ushkov I, Prokhorenko E, Schelev M, Smirnov A 2003 SPIE 4948 297
[8] Shakya M M, Chang Z H 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 041103
[9] Feng J, Engelhorn K, Cho B I, Lee H J, Greaves M, Weber C P, Falcone R W, Padmore H A, Heimann P A 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 134102
[10] Tian J S, Lei X H, Wen W L, Xu X Y, Wang J F 2011 Opt. Precision Eng. 19 2379 (in Chinese) [田进寿, 雷晓红, 温文龙, 徐向晏, 王俊锋 2011 光学精密工程 19 2379]
[11] Wu J X 2006 MS Thesis (LanZhou: LanZhou University)(in Chinese) [吴节险2006硕士学位论文(兰州:兰州大学)]
[12] Li H, Tian J S, Li Y, Wang C, Wen W L, Wang J F, Wang X C 2013 Acta Photonica Sinica 42 792 (in Chinese) [李昊, 田进寿, 李岩, 王超, 温文龙, 王俊峰, 王兴超 2013 光子学报 42 792]
[13] Tian J S, Zhao B S, Wu J J, Zhao W, Liu Y Q, Zhang J 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 3368(in Chinese) [田进寿, 赵宝升, 吴建军, 赵卫, 刘运全, 张杰 2006 物理学报 55 3368]
[14] Liu Y P 1985 MS Thesis (Xi'an: Xi'an Institute of Optics and Presicion Mechanics of CAS)(in Chinese) [刘月平1985硕士学位论文(西安:中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所)]
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