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基于1951–2011年美国气象环境预报中心/美国国家大气研究中心再分析资料以及国家气候中心提供的中国160 站月平均降水资料,定义垂直于某一截面的平均水汽通量为描述水汽路径强度的客观化指标,计算发现与华北降水密切相关的水汽路径有5条:孟加拉湾水汽路径、太平洋水汽路径、西南和东南汇合水汽路径(以下简称汇合水汽路径)、由西输入水汽路径以及南海水汽路径. 研究结果表明,汇合水汽路径、由西输入水汽路径及南海水汽路径有明显的年代际变化,这种年代际变化是与华北盛夏降水量的年代际变化基本一致的. 通过滑动相关分析可以发现,对华北盛夏降水产生影响的主要是由西输入水汽路径,这可能是受西风带的影响. 通过合成分析的结果同样表明由西输入华北的水汽输送增强时,伴随着太平洋水汽路径的输送明显增强,绕过了华南和长江中下游直接输送至华北和东北,从而引起华北和东北的降水量偏多;虽然其他水汽路径对华北盛夏降水的影响相对比较小,但是2000年开始,孟加拉湾水汽路径对华北盛夏降水的影响逐渐增强.Based on the data of daily wind and specific humidity, surface pressure from NCEP/NCAR and the data of monthly average precipitation of 160 stations in China from National Climate Center, and according to correlation filed of precipitation with water vapor transport, the water vapor transport which is perpendicular to a cross section is defined as an objective indicator of vapor transport path, and six mainly vapor transport paths are found for North China. The results show that the confluent water vapor path, the water vapor path which outputs to the east, the water vapor path which inputs from the west and the water vapor path from the South China Sea have obvious inter-decadal variation, and the inter-decadal variation is basically the same as the inter-decadal variation of summer precipitation in North China. It is found that the water vapor path which outputs to the east and the water vapor path which inputs from the west have main influence on the precipitation in North China on summer though sliding correlation analysis. It is influenced by westerly. Second, the water vapor transport of water vapor path which is from the west of North China increases, at the same time which is from the southeast of the Pacific Ocean is enhanced obviously. Then water vapor which passes through the middle and lower Yangtze river and the South China and directly transports to the North China and Northeast China, results in heavy precipitation of North China and Northeast China and slight precipitation of the south and the Yangtze river. However, the water vapor from the bay of Bengal began to influence the precipitation in North China in summer from 2000.
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Keywords:
- precipitation /
- vapor transport path /
- water vapor transport
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[2] Huang J P, Yi Y H, Wang S W, Chou J F 1993 Q. J. Meteorol. Soc. 119 547
[3] Huang J P, Wang S W 1992 Sci. China B 35 207
[4] Yang J, Wang Q G, Zhi R, Feng G L 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 029204 (in Chinese) [杨杰, 王启光, 支蓉, 封国林 2011 物理学报 60 029204]
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[8] Huang J P, Yi Y H 1991 Sci. China B 34 1246
[9] Wang X J, Zhi R, He W P, Gong Z Q 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 029201
[10] Feng G L, Yang H W, Zhang S X, Wang K, Shen B Z 2012 Chin. J. Atmos. Sci. 36 1009 (in Chinese) [封国林, 杨涵洧, 张世轩, 王阔, 沈柏竹 2012 大气科学 36 1009]
[11] Feng G L, Dong W J, Jia X J, Cao H X 2002 Acta Phys. Sin. 51 1181 (in Chinese) [封国林, 董文杰, 贾晓静, 曹鸿兴 2002 物理学报 51 1181]
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[13] Feng G L, Dai X G, Wang A H, Chou J F 2001 Acta Phys. Sin. 50 606 (in Chinese) [封国林, 戴新刚, 王爱慧, 丑纪范 2001 物理学报 50 606]
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[17] Zhang Q Y 1999 Plateau Meteorol. 18 486 (in Chinese) [张庆云 1999 高原气象 18 486]
[18] Lu R Y 2005 Chin. Sci. Bull. 50 1131 (in Chinese) [陆日宇 2005 科学通报 50 1131]
[19] Liu G W 1997 Atmospheric Processes in Hydrologic Cycle (Beijing: Science Press) p120 (in Chinese) [刘国纬 1997 水文循环的大气过程 (北京: 科学出版社) 第120页]
[20] Wu Y P, Wang C H, Shen Y P 2011 J. Glaci. Geocr. 33 1268 (in Chinese) [吴永萍, 王澄海, 沈永平 2011 冰川冻土 33 1268]
[21] Wu Y P, Shen Y P, Li B L 2012 Ecol. Complex. 9 63
[22] Tang X, Qian W H, Liang P 2006 Plateau Meteorol. 25 375 (in Chinese) [汤绪, 钱维宏, 梁萍 2006 高原气象 25 375]
[23] Liang P, He J H, Chen L X, Li W 2007 Plateau Meteorol. 26 460 (in Chinese) [梁萍, 何金海, 陈隆勋, 李薇 2007 高原气象 26 460]
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[27] Simmonds I D B, Hope P 1999 J. Climate 12 1353
[28] Tian H, Guo P W, Lu W S 2004 J. Trop. Meteor. 20 401 (in Chinese) [田红, 郭品文, 陆维松 2004 热带气象学报 20 401]
[29] Chen M, Pollard D, Barron E J 2005 J. Hydrol. 301 14
[30] Tian H, Guo P W, Lu W S 2002 J. Nanjing Inst. Meteor. 25 496 (in Chinese) [田红, 郭品文, 陆维松 2002 南京气象学院学报 25 496]
[31] Zhou T J, Yu R C 2005 J. Geophys. Res. 110 D08104
[32] Gong Z Q, Zhao J H, Feng G L 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 099205 (in Chinese) [龚志强, 赵俊虎, 封国林 2013 物理学报 62 099205]
[33] Dai X G, Zhang K J 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 199201 (in Chinese) [戴新刚, 张凯静 2012 物理学报 61 199201]
[34] Su H J, Wang Q G, Yang J, Qian Z H 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 109202 (in Chinese) [苏海晶, 王启光, 杨杰, 钱忠华 2013 物理学报 62 109202]
[35] Huang J P, He M, Yan H R, Zhang B D, Bi J R, Jin Q J 2010 Chin. J. Atmos. Sci. 34 548 (in Chinese) [黄建平, 何敏, 阎虹如, 张北斗, 闭建荣, 靳秦建 2010 大气科学 34 548]
[36] Zhou X X, Ding Y H, Wang P X 2008 Chin. J. Atmos. Sci. 32 345 (in Chinese) [周晓霞, 丁一汇, 王盘兴 2008 大气科学 32 345]
[37] Wei F Y 1999 Modern Climatic Statistical Diagnosis and Prediction Technology (Beijing: China Meteorological Press) p115 (in Chinese) [魏凤英 1999 现代气候统计诊断与预测技术 (北京: 气象出版社) 第115页]
[38] Lin X C 1978 Chin. J. Atmos. Sci. 2 55 (in Chinese) [林学椿 1978 大气科学 2 55]
[39] Ye M, Qian Z H, Wu Y P 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 139203 (in Chinese) [叶敏, 钱忠华, 吴永萍 2013 物理学报 62 139203]
[40] Zhou L T, Huang R H 2003 Clim. Environ. Res. 8 274 (in Chinese) [周连童, 黄荣辉 2003 气候与环境研究 8 274]
[41] Li C Y, Miao Q H 1996 Clim. Environ. Res. 1 124 (in Chinese) [李崇银, 缪清海 1996 气候与环境研究 1 124]
[42] Li C Y, Li G L 1999 Chin. Sci. Bull. 44 1765 (in Chinese) [李崇银, 李桂龙 1999 科学通报 44 1765]
[43] Wang H 2001 Adv. Amos. Sci. 18 376
[44] Shi N, Gu W B 1993 Meteor. Monthly 19 32 (in Chinese) [施能, 古文保 1993 气象 19 32]
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[1] Feng G L, Sun S P, Zhao J H, Zheng Z H 2013 Sci. China Earth Sci. 56 1576
[2] Huang J P, Yi Y H, Wang S W, Chou J F 1993 Q. J. Meteorol. Soc. 119 547
[3] Huang J P, Wang S W 1992 Sci. China B 35 207
[4] Yang J, Wang Q G, Zhi R, Feng G L 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 029204 (in Chinese) [杨杰, 王启光, 支蓉, 封国林 2011 物理学报 60 029204]
[5] Yang P, Hou W, Feng G L 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 019201
[6] Gong Z Q, Wang X J, Zhi R, Feng G L 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 079201
[7] Huang J P, Ji M X, Liu Y Z, Zhang L, Gong D Y 2013 Adv. Climate Change Res. 9 9 (in Chinese) [黄建平, 季明霞, 刘玉芝, 张镭, 龚道溢 2013 气候变化研究进展 9 9]
[8] Huang J P, Yi Y H 1991 Sci. China B 34 1246
[9] Wang X J, Zhi R, He W P, Gong Z Q 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 029201
[10] Feng G L, Yang H W, Zhang S X, Wang K, Shen B Z 2012 Chin. J. Atmos. Sci. 36 1009 (in Chinese) [封国林, 杨涵洧, 张世轩, 王阔, 沈柏竹 2012 大气科学 36 1009]
[11] Feng G L, Dong W J, Jia X J, Cao H X 2002 Acta Phys. Sin. 51 1181 (in Chinese) [封国林, 董文杰, 贾晓静, 曹鸿兴 2002 物理学报 51 1181]
[12] Zhao S R, Song Z S 1999 Plateau Meteorol. 18 535 (in Chinese) [赵声蓉, 宋正山 1999 高原气象 18 535]
[13] Feng G L, Dai X G, Wang A H, Chou J F 2001 Acta Phys. Sin. 50 606 (in Chinese) [封国林, 戴新刚, 王爱慧, 丑纪范 2001 物理学报 50 606]
[14] Feng G L, Dong W J, Gong Z Q, Hou W, Wan S Q, Zhi R 2006 The Theory and Method about the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of the Observation Data's Nonlinear (Beijing: China Meteorological Press) p227 (in Chinese) [封国林, 董文杰, 龚志强, 侯威, 万仕全, 支蓉 2006 观测数据非线性时空分布理论和方法 (北京: 气象出版社) 第227页]
[15] Feng G L, Hou W, Dong W J 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 962 (in Chinese) [封国林, 侯威, 董文杰 2006 物理学报 55 962]
[16] Huang R H, Xu J H, Zhou L T 1999 Plateau Meteorol. 18 465 (in Chinese) [黄荣辉, 徐予红, 周连通 1999 高原气象 18 465]
[17] Zhang Q Y 1999 Plateau Meteorol. 18 486 (in Chinese) [张庆云 1999 高原气象 18 486]
[18] Lu R Y 2005 Chin. Sci. Bull. 50 1131 (in Chinese) [陆日宇 2005 科学通报 50 1131]
[19] Liu G W 1997 Atmospheric Processes in Hydrologic Cycle (Beijing: Science Press) p120 (in Chinese) [刘国纬 1997 水文循环的大气过程 (北京: 科学出版社) 第120页]
[20] Wu Y P, Wang C H, Shen Y P 2011 J. Glaci. Geocr. 33 1268 (in Chinese) [吴永萍, 王澄海, 沈永平 2011 冰川冻土 33 1268]
[21] Wu Y P, Shen Y P, Li B L 2012 Ecol. Complex. 9 63
[22] Tang X, Qian W H, Liang P 2006 Plateau Meteorol. 25 375 (in Chinese) [汤绪, 钱维宏, 梁萍 2006 高原气象 25 375]
[23] Liang P, He J H, Chen L X, Li W 2007 Plateau Meteorol. 26 460 (in Chinese) [梁萍, 何金海, 陈隆勋, 李薇 2007 高原气象 26 460]
[24] Cai Y, Qian Z A, Song M H 2003 Plateau Meteorol. 22 14 (in Chinese) [蔡英, 钱正安, 宋敏红 2003 高原气象 22 14]
[25] Liu Y Y, Ding Y H 2008 Acta Meteorol. Sin. 66 789 (in Chinese) [刘芸芸, 丁一汇 2008 气象学报 66 789]
[26] Hao L S, Ding Y H, Min J Z, Zhang X D 2011 Chin. J. Atmos. Sci. 35 217 (in Chinese) [郝立生, 丁一汇, 闵锦忠, 张晓东 2011 大气科学 35 217]
[27] Simmonds I D B, Hope P 1999 J. Climate 12 1353
[28] Tian H, Guo P W, Lu W S 2004 J. Trop. Meteor. 20 401 (in Chinese) [田红, 郭品文, 陆维松 2004 热带气象学报 20 401]
[29] Chen M, Pollard D, Barron E J 2005 J. Hydrol. 301 14
[30] Tian H, Guo P W, Lu W S 2002 J. Nanjing Inst. Meteor. 25 496 (in Chinese) [田红, 郭品文, 陆维松 2002 南京气象学院学报 25 496]
[31] Zhou T J, Yu R C 2005 J. Geophys. Res. 110 D08104
[32] Gong Z Q, Zhao J H, Feng G L 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 099205 (in Chinese) [龚志强, 赵俊虎, 封国林 2013 物理学报 62 099205]
[33] Dai X G, Zhang K J 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 199201 (in Chinese) [戴新刚, 张凯静 2012 物理学报 61 199201]
[34] Su H J, Wang Q G, Yang J, Qian Z H 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 109202 (in Chinese) [苏海晶, 王启光, 杨杰, 钱忠华 2013 物理学报 62 109202]
[35] Huang J P, He M, Yan H R, Zhang B D, Bi J R, Jin Q J 2010 Chin. J. Atmos. Sci. 34 548 (in Chinese) [黄建平, 何敏, 阎虹如, 张北斗, 闭建荣, 靳秦建 2010 大气科学 34 548]
[36] Zhou X X, Ding Y H, Wang P X 2008 Chin. J. Atmos. Sci. 32 345 (in Chinese) [周晓霞, 丁一汇, 王盘兴 2008 大气科学 32 345]
[37] Wei F Y 1999 Modern Climatic Statistical Diagnosis and Prediction Technology (Beijing: China Meteorological Press) p115 (in Chinese) [魏凤英 1999 现代气候统计诊断与预测技术 (北京: 气象出版社) 第115页]
[38] Lin X C 1978 Chin. J. Atmos. Sci. 2 55 (in Chinese) [林学椿 1978 大气科学 2 55]
[39] Ye M, Qian Z H, Wu Y P 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 139203 (in Chinese) [叶敏, 钱忠华, 吴永萍 2013 物理学报 62 139203]
[40] Zhou L T, Huang R H 2003 Clim. Environ. Res. 8 274 (in Chinese) [周连童, 黄荣辉 2003 气候与环境研究 8 274]
[41] Li C Y, Miao Q H 1996 Clim. Environ. Res. 1 124 (in Chinese) [李崇银, 缪清海 1996 气候与环境研究 1 124]
[42] Li C Y, Li G L 1999 Chin. Sci. Bull. 44 1765 (in Chinese) [李崇银, 李桂龙 1999 科学通报 44 1765]
[43] Wang H 2001 Adv. Amos. Sci. 18 376
[44] Shi N, Gu W B 1993 Meteor. Monthly 19 32 (in Chinese) [施能, 古文保 1993 气象 19 32]
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