颗粒样品形变对声波传播影响的实验探究

周志刚; 宗谨; 王文广; 厚美瑛

doi:10.7498/aps.66.154502

摘要

为了更好地理解颗粒间接触结构的变化对通过颗粒介质中的声波的影响，本文利用单轴压缩实验，通过一系列增加的轴向压力使样品塑性应变不断增大，这在颗粒尺度上对应于颗粒间接触结构的改变.我们测量了此过程中通过颗粒样品的声波变化，结果表明颗粒体系内接触结构的变化对声波波形中的非相干波部分和频率有明显的影响，并且在样品接触结构变化的初始阶段声速是偏离有效介质理论的预测的.

关键词:

Effective medium theory (EMT) predicts a scaling relation between sound velocity c and pressure P as c (Z)1/3 (P/E0)1/6, where and Z are respectively the packing fraction and the mean coordination number of granular material. In this relation, the granular contact network is represented via two simple parameters and Z stemming theoretically from a strong approximation that microscopic and macroscopic granular displacements remain affine. This hypothesis simplifies tremendous computations for sound wave in a granular system, however some experimental results show that the scaling relation is recovered only for the case of very high pressure confinement (larger than 106 Pa for a glass bead system), but for the lower pressure case (less than 106 Pa) the relation does not hold. Owing to the fact that the change of microscopic granular displacement relates to the contact network variation of granular sample, and for better understanding the effect of the variation of contact network on the sound propagation in granular system, we conduct uniaxial shear experiments, in which the granular solid sample, composed of 0.28-0.44 mm glass beads, is cyclically compressed under a series of axial loadings (denoted as Pcomp). After these axial loadings, different contact networks of the sample are formed. Ultrasonic waves are then measured in the granular sample with these different contact networks under a constant axial pressure (denoted as Pobse). It is found that the axial deformation of the granular sample apparently affects the incoherent part of ultrasonic wave, but not the coherent part. A resemblant parameter is introduced to quantitatively discuss the variations of incoherent parts of sound waves in different axial deformations. In this paper, we also compare the frequency and the energy spectra of the sound waves, and find that the tendencies of their varying with the increase of axial deformation are nearly the same. This indicates that during the sound wave propagation in the granular solid sample, the processes of wave scattering and dissipation on particle contacted occur at the same time and the energy dissipation of sound wave in the air among particles can be neglected. In our experiments, compressional wave velocities based on time-of-flight method are also explored. The experimental results show that the velocity increases rapidly at the beginning of the axial deformation, and then tends to a steady value which is predicted by EMT. These illuminate that the variation of contact networks of granular sample may contribute to the deviation of velocity-pressure exponent from the prediction of EMT in low confining pressure.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
中国科学院物理研究所, 软物质重点实验室, 北京凝聚态物理国家重点实验室, 北京 100190;

2.
中国科学院大学物理科学学院, 北京 100049;

3.
西北师范大学物理电子与工程学院, 兰州 730070

通信作者: 厚美瑛, mayhou@iphy.ac.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（批准号：11274354，11474326）和中国科学院空间科学战略性先导科技专项（批准号：XDA04020200）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Beijing National Laboratory for Condense Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;

2.
School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese of Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;

3.
College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China

Corresponding author: Hou Mei-Ying, mayhou@iphy.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.11274354,11474326) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research Program-SJ-10 (Grant No.XDA04020200).

参考文献

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[15]	Liu C H, Nagel S R 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 2301
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施引文献

[1]	Liu C H, Nagel S R, Schecter D A, Coppersmith S N, Majumdar S, Narayan O, Witten T A 1995 Science 269 513
[2]	Jacco H S, Thijs J H V, van Martin H, van Wim S 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 054302
[3]	Bi D P, Zhang J, Chakraborty B, Behringer R P 2011 Nature 480 355
[4]	Makse H A, Gland N, Johnson D L, Schwartz L M 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 5070
[5]	Tournat V, Gusev V E 2009 Phys. Rev. E 80 011306
[6]	Jia X, Brunet Th, Laurent J 2011 Phys. Rev. E 84 020301
[7]	Caroli C, Velick B 2003 Phys. Rev. E 67 061301
[8]	Khidas Y, Jia X P 2012 Phys. Rev. E 85 051302
[9]	Zhang Q, Li Y C, Hou M Y, Jiang Y M, Liu M 2012 Phys. Rev. E 85 031306
[10]	Domentico S N 1977 Geophysics 42 1339
[11]	Yin H 1993 Ph. D. Dissertation (Stanford: Stanford University)
[12]	Majmudar T S, Sperl M, Luding S, Behringer R P 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 058001
[13]	Jia X, Caroli C, Velick B 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 1863
[14]	Owens E T, Daniels K E 2011 Eur. Phys. Lett. 94 54005
[15]	Liu C H, Nagel S R 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 2301
[16]	Yacine K, Jia X P 2010 Phys. Rev. E 81 021303
[17]	Wambaugh J F, Hartley R R, Behringer R P 2010 Eur. Phys. J. E 32 135
[18]	Corwin E I, Jaeger H M, Nagel S R 2005 Nature 435 1075
[19]	Nicolas V, Giammarinaro B, Derode A, Barrire C 2013 Phys. Rev. E 88 023201
[20]	Makse H A, Gland N, Johnson D L, Schwartz L M, Schwartz L 2004 Phys. Rev. E. 70 061302
[21]	Vitelli V 2010 Soft Matter 6 3007
[22]	Walton K 1987 J. Mech. Phys. Solids 35 213
[23]	Lherminier S, Planet R, Simon G, Vanel L, Ramos O 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 098001
[24]	Gilles B, Coste C 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 174302
[25]	Goddard J D 1990 Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 430 105

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