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相变材料利用其相变潜热能力可吸收储存和释放利用热量, 同时在相变过程中其温度浮动小, 能够实现温度控制从而用于热管理. 但是其低热导率和易泄露问题严重制约了其性能. 石墨烯气凝胶因其丰富的多孔结构而具有较大的比表面积,可吸附相变材料解决其泄露问题, 同时石墨烯的高导热系数可提高相变材料的热导率. 这里选取正十八烷为相变材料, 制备了不同质量分数的石墨烯气凝胶复合相变材料. 测得石墨烯气凝胶含量为13.99 wt%的样品, 其导热系数比纯正十八烷高出306.2%, 熔化潜热和凝固潜热分别下降了13.8%和10.8%. 分子动力学模拟结果表明, 石墨烯气凝胶的引入会在一定程度上增强正十八烷分子的有序性和一致性, 即在同一温度下复合相变材料中的正十八烷分子比纯正十八烷分子拥有更集中分布的末端距和扭转角, 径向分布函数和自扩散系数都相对较低, 说明石墨烯材料的引入可以提升正十八烷的导热系数.Phase change materials can absorb, store and release heat with their latent heat capacity. Meanwhile, their temperature fluctuation during phase changing is small, so they can realize temperature control and be used for thermal management. But their low thermal conductivity and easy leakage problem seriously restrict their performance. Graphene aerogel have a large specific surface area because of its rich porous structure, and can absorb phase change materials to solve the leakage problem. Meanwhile, the high thermal conductivity of graphene can improve the thermal conductivity of phase change materials. At the same time, the black of graphene aerogel itself has good light absorption performance. Combined with phase change material, the resulting composite phase change material can make full use of the sunlight to achieve photo-thermal transformation and energy storage. Composite phase change material can release heat at night when there is no solar energy, making up for the intermittency of solar energy. Herein, graphene aerogel was prepared by reduction self-assembly and freeze-drying method, and composite phase change material was prepared by vacuum impregnation method. The graphene aerogel composite phase change materials with different mass fraction were prepared by using n-octadecane as phase change material. The thermal conductivity of the sample with 13.99 wt% graphene aerogel content was 306.2% higher than that of pure octadecane, and the latent heat of melting and solidification decreased by 13.8% and 10.8% respectively. Simultaneously, molecular dynamics simulation results show that the introduction of graphene aerogels will increase to a certain extent is octadecane molecular order and consistency, which in the same temperature of composite phase change materials are octadecane than pure octadecane molecules have more concentrated at the end of the distance and the torsion angle, radial distribution function and the diffusion coefficient is relatively low, that the introduction of graphene materials can promote positive octadecane coefficient of thermal conductivity.
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Keywords:
- graphene aerogels /
- n-octadecane /
- thermophysical properties /
- molecular dynamics simulation
[1] Shon J, Kim H, Lee K 2014 Appl. Eenergy 113 680
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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图 1 GA/n-octadecane复合相变材料的初始模型
Fig. 1. Initial model of GA/n-octadecane composite phase change material.
图 2 GA的微观形貌结构 (a) GA (× 500, 100 μm); (b) GA (× 10000, 5 μm)
Fig. 2. The microstructure and morphology of GA: (a) GA4 (× 500); (b) GA4 (× 10000).
图 4 CPCM在不同温度下的形态 (a)15 ℃; (b)45 ℃; (c)75 ℃
Fig. 4. Morphology of CPCM at different temperatures (a)15 ℃; (b)45 ℃; (c)75 ℃.
图 7 正十八烷与石墨烯气凝胶复合相变材料在20 ℃时的导热系数
Fig. 7. Thermal conductivity of n-octadecane and CPCM at 20 ℃.
图 8 石墨烯气凝胶相变材料在不同温度下的导热系数
Fig. 8. Thermal conductivity of GA/n-octadecane PCM at different temperatures.
图 9 石墨烯气凝胶复合相变材料中正十八烷分子的末端距和扭转角分布曲线
Fig. 9. Distribution curve of end to end distance and torsion of n-octadecane molecules in CPCMs.
图 10 不同温度下CPCM体系的正十八烷分子的径向分布函数
Fig. 10. RDF of n-octadecane molecules in CPCMs at different temperatures.
图 11 不同温度下石墨烯气凝胶复合相变体系中正十八烷分子的均方位移曲线
Fig. 11. MSD curve of n-octadecane molecules in CPCMs at different temperature.
图 12 升温过程石墨烯气凝胶复合相变体系中正十八烷分子的自扩散系数
Fig. 12. Self-diffusion coefficients of n-octadecane molecules in CPCMs during heating.
图 13 石墨烯气凝胶复合相变体系中正十八烷比热容随温度的变化曲线
Fig. 13. Specific heat capacity variation of n-octadecane molecules in CPCMs with temperature.
表 1 正十八烷及其复合相变材料熔化过程的相变温度及相变焓
Table 1. Phase transition temperature and enthalpy of n-octadecane and CPCMs during melting process.
测试对象 起始温度 峰值 终止温度 相变焓 Tms/℃ Tmp/℃ Tme/℃ Hm/J·g–1 正十八烷 24.6 28.6 34.9 232.0 GA1 24.6 28.3 34.8 220.5 GA2 24.3 28.6 34.5 213.1 GA3 24.4 28.4 34.2 207.9 GA4 24.2 28.7 34.2 199.9 
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表 2 正十八烷及其复合相变材料凝固过程的相变温度及相变焓
Table 2. Phase transition temperature and enthalpy of n-octadecane and CPCMs during solidification process.
测试对象 起始温度 峰值 终止温度 相变焓 Tss/℃ Tsp/℃ Tse/℃ Hs/J·g–1 正十八烷 27.8 26.9 23.2 –225.8 GA1 27.6 27.3 24.1 –214.6 GA2 28.3 27.6 24.2 –206.6 GA3 27.9 27.2 24.4 –202.2 GA4 28.2 27.0 24.1 –201.4
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表 3 正十八烷及石墨烯气凝胶复合相变材料的导热系数及相关数据
Table 3. Thermal conductivity and relevant data of n-octadecane and CPCM.
测试
对象热扩散
系数
α/mm2·s–1密度
${ {\rho} }_{\text{com} }$/
g·cm–3比热容
cp/
J·(g·K) –1导热系数
$ \text{λ} $/
W·(m·K) –1正十
八烷0.137 0.777 1.658 0.177 GA1 0.331 0.782 1.871 0.484 GA2 0.349 0.780 1.878 0.511 GA3 0.374 0.787 1.910 0.562 GA4 0.461 0.789 1.977 0.719
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[1] Shon J, Kim H, Lee K 2014 Appl. Eenergy 113 680
Google Scholar
[2] Wu W, Zhang G, Ke X, Yang X, Wang Z, Liu C 2015 Energy Convers. Manage. 101 278
Google Scholar
[3] Ling Z, Wang F, Fang X, Gao X, Zhang Z 2015 Appl. Eenergy 148 403
Google Scholar
[4] Wu S, Li T, Tong Z, Chao J, Zhai T, Xu J, Yan T, Wu M, Xu Z, Bao H, Deng T, Wang R 2019 Adv. Mater. 31 1905099
Google Scholar
[5] Mu B, Li M 2019 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 191 466
Google Scholar
[6] Liu L, Zheng K, Yan Y, Cai Z, Lin S, Hu X 2018 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 185 487
Google Scholar
[7] Xue F, Jin X Z, Xie X, Qi X D, Yang J H, Wang Y 2019 Nanoscale 11 18691
Google Scholar
[8] Kabiri S, Tran D N H, Altalhi T, Losic D 2014 Carbon 80 523
Google Scholar
[9] Sang L, Xu Y 2020 J. Energy Storage 31 101611
Google Scholar
[10] Ma C, Zhang Y, Chen X, Song X, Tang K 2020 Materials 13 980
Google Scholar
[11] Li C, Zhao X, Zhang B, Xie B, He Z, Chen J, He J 2020 J. Therm. Sci. 29 492
Google Scholar
[12] Xu X, Hu R, Chen M, Dong J, Xiao B, Wang Q, Wang H 2020 Chem. Eng. J. 397
Google Scholar
[13] Zeng X, Sun J, Yao Y, Sun R, Xu J B, Wong C P 2017 ACS Nano 11 5167
Google Scholar
[14] Zhu X, Wang Q, Kang S, Li J, Jia X 2020 Chem. Eng. J. 395 125112
Google Scholar
[15] Sun H, Xu Z, Gao C 2013 Adv. Mater. 25 2554
Google Scholar
[16] Wang X, Nie S, Zhang P, Song L, Hu Y 2020 Jmr&T. 9 667
Google Scholar
[17] Yang J, Zhang E, Li X, Zhang Y, Qu J, Yu Z Z 2016 Carbon 98 50
Google Scholar
[18] Xu Y, Fleischer A S, Feng G 2017 Carbon 114 334
Google Scholar
[19] Wu H Y, Li S T, Shao Y W, Jin X Z, Qi X D, Yang J H, Zhou Z W, Wang Y 2020 Chem. Eng. J. 379 122373
Google Scholar
[20] Yan J, Qi G Q, Bao R Y, Yi K, Li M, Peng L, Cai Z, Yang M B, Wei D, Yang W 2018 Energy Storage Mater. 13 88
Google Scholar
[21] Li Y, Wei W, Wang Y, Kadhim N, Mei Y, Zhou Z 2019 J. Mater. Chem. C 7 11783
Google Scholar
[22] Liao H, Chen W, Liu Y, Wang Q 2020 Compos. Sci. Technol. 189 108010
Google Scholar
[23] Andersen H C 1980 J. Chem. Phys. 72 2384
Google Scholar
[24] Berendsen H J C, Postma J P M, Vangunsteren W F, Dinola A, Haak J R 1984 J. Chem. Phys. 81 3684
Google Scholar
[25] Sun H 1998 J. Phys. Chem. B 102 7338
Google Scholar
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