不同抗磁行为量子点发光在波导中的手性传输

史书姝; 肖姗; 许秀来

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20211858

摘要

近年来, 为了实现可拓展的集成化量子网络, 各种功能性量子器件的发展需求不断加深. 集成了单量子点的条形波导可以作为单向传输的量子点光源, 在单光子二极管、晶体管和确定性量子门等器件中具有广泛的应用. 本文利用共聚焦显微系统, 在4.2 K低温下, 通过激发波导中心区域的量子点光源, 实现了圆极化光的分离, 并验证了波导中的自旋动量锁定效应. 在实验中实现了具有反常抗磁行为的量子点荧光的手性传输, 拓宽了波导单向传输的波长调控范围. 在保证波导单向传输性的同时, 实现了不同输出光子中心能量的正向、反向偏移. 本文为研究宽波段范围的手性量子器件奠定了基础, 拓展了波导在量子信息领域中的应用.

关键词:

抗磁 /
量子点 /
波导 /
手性

Abstract

In order to realize scalable and integrated quantum photonic networks, various functional devices are highly desired. Strip waveguides with unidirectional transmission function have a wide range of applications in devices such as single-photon diodes, transistors and deterministic quantum gate devices. In this work, the separation of circularly polarized light is achieved by exciting a quantum dot light source in a central region of a waveguide at a low temperature of 4.2 K by using a confocal microscope system. By applying a magnetic field with Faraday configuration (along with the quantum dot growth direction), the spin-momentum locking effect in the waveguide is verified. Both forward shift and reverse shift of different values of output photon energy are demonstrated to show the unidirectional transmission of the waveguide. The chiral transmission of quantum dot with anomalous diamagnetic behavior is achieved in experiment, leading to a wider range of wavelength tuning for chrial transmission in a single waveguide. This paper provides a basis for investigating the chiral quantum devices in a wide wavelength range and expands the applications of waveguides in the field of optical quantum information.

Keywords:

diamagnetic /
quantum dots /
waveguide /
chiral

作者及机构信息

1.
中国科学院物理研究所, 北京凝聚态物理国家研究中心, 北京　100190

2.
中国科学院拓扑量子计算卓越创新中心, 中国科学院大学物理科学学院, 北京　100049

3.
松山湖材料实验室, 东莞　523808

通信作者: 许秀来, xlxu@iphy.ac.cn

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(批准号: 2021YFA1400700)、国家自然科学基金(批准号: 62025507, 11934019, 11721404, 11874419)、广东省重点领域研发计划(批准号: 2018B03032900)和中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(批准号: XDB28000000)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

2.
CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

3.
Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China

Corresponding author: Xu Xiu-Lai, xlxu@iphy.ac.cn

Funds: Project is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFA1400700), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62025507, 11934019, 11721404, 11874419), the Guangdong Provincial Key Area R&D Program, China (Grant No. 2018B03032900), and the Strategic Pioneer Science and Technology Special Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB28000000)

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

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施引文献

图 1 条形波导的结构和量子点的能级示意图　(a)条形波导的SEM图像, 实验中激光激发波导中心区域的量子点, 并从左右两侧光栅耦合器分别收集量子点的荧光; 右边的插图为波导中心区域横截面中量子点分布的示意图; (b)量子点能级的Zeeman分裂示意图, Zeeman分裂导致了两支极化相反的圆偏振光σ^－和σ⁺的产生.

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the structure of the strip waveguide and the energy levels of a quantum dot (QD). (a) SEM image of a strip waveguide. In the experiment, the QDs in the central area of the waveguide were excited by the laser, and the photoluminescence (PL) spetra of the QDs were collected from the left and right grating couplers, respectively. Illustration on the right is the schematic diagram of QDs distributed in the central area of the cross section of the waveguide. (b) Zeeman splitting of the QD energy levels. Zeeman splitting results in two branches of circularly polarized light with opposite polarization σ^－ and σ⁺.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 正常抗磁行为量子点的手性传输实验结果　(a) 施加0—8 T的磁场, 从左右两侧光栅耦合器分别收集到的量子点激子态的圆极化荧光光谱; (b) 随磁场变化的荧光光谱的峰值; (c) 激子态的Zeeman分裂随磁场的变化和对应的g因子; (d)激子态劈裂峰的能量平均值随磁场的变化和对应的抗磁系数.

Fig. 2. Experimental results of chiral transport of QDs with normal diamagnetic behavior: (a) Circularly polarized PL spectra of excitonic states of QDs collected from the left and right grating couplers by applying a magnetic field from 0 T to 8 T, respectively; (b) PL peak energies as a function of an applied magnetic field; (c) Zeeman splitting of the exciton state with a magnetic field and the corresponding g-factor; (d) average energy of the splitting peaks with a magnetic field and the corresponding diamagnetic coefficient.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 反常磁行为量子点的手性传输实验结果　(a) 施加0—8 T的磁场, 从左右两侧光栅耦合器分别收集到的量子点激子态的圆极化荧光光谱; (b) 随磁场变化的荧光光谱的峰值; (c) 激子态的Zeeman分裂随磁场的变化和对应的g因子; (d)激子态劈裂峰的能量平均值随磁场的变化和对应的抗磁系数.

Fig. 3. Experimental results of chiral transport of QDs with anomalous diamagnetic behavior: (a) Circularly polarized PL spectra of excitonic states of QDs collected from the left and right grating couplers by applying a magnetic field from 0 T to 8 T, respectively; (b) PL peak energies as a function of an applied magnetic field; (c) Zeeman splitting of the exciton state with a magnetic field and the corresponding g-factor; (d) average energy of the splitting peaks with a magnetic field and the corresponding diamagnetic coefficient.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同量子点的手性对比度　(a)正常抗磁行为量子点的手性对比度随磁场的变化; (b)反常抗磁行为量子点的手性对比度随磁场的变化.

Fig. 4. Chiral contrast for different QDs: (a) Variation of chiral contrast with a magnetic field for the QD with a normal diamagnetic behavior; (b) variation of chiral contrast with a magnetic field for the QD with an anomalous diamagnetic behavior.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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[2]	Monroe C 2002 Nature 416 238 Google Scholar
[3]	Northup T E, Blatt R 2014 Nat. Photonics 8 356 Google Scholar
[4]	Kues M, Reimer C, Roztocki P, Cortés L R, Sciara S, Wetzel B, Zhang Y, Cino A, Chu S T, Little B E, Moss D J, L Caspani, Azaña J, Morandotti R 2017 Nature 546 622 Google Scholar
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[8]	Söllner I, Mahmoodian S, Hansen S L, Midolo L, Javadi A, Kiršanskė G, Pregnolato T, El-Ella H, Lee E H, Song J D, Stobbe S, Lodahl P 2015 Nat. Nanotechnol. 10 775 Google Scholar
[9]	Mehrabad M J, Foster A P, Dost R, Fox A M, Skolnick M S, Wilson L R 2020 Optica 7 1690 Google Scholar
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[11]	Tang L, Tang J, Zhang W, Lu G, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Xia K, Xiao M 2019 Phys. Rev. A 99 043833 Google Scholar
[12]	Mahmoodian S, Prindal-Nielsen K, Söllner I, Søren S, Peter L 2017 Opt. Mater. Express 7 43 Google Scholar
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[28]	Imamog A, Awschalom D D, Burkard G, DiVincenzo D P, Loss D, Sherwin M, Small A 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 4204 Google Scholar
[29]	Gao W B, Fallahi P, Togan E, Miguel-Sánchez J, Imamoglu A 2012 Nature 491 426 Google Scholar
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[34]	Wu S Y, Peng K, Xie X, Yang J N, Xiao S, Song F L, Dang J N, Sun S B, Yang L L, Wang Y N, Shi S S, He J J, Zuo Z C, Xu X L 2020 Phys. Rev. Appl. 14 014049 Google Scholar
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[39]	Bayer M, Walck S N, Reinecke T L, Forchel A 1998 Phys. Rev. B 57 6584 Google Scholar
[40]	Schulhauser C, Haft D, Warburton R J, Karrai K, Govorov A O, Kalameitsev A V, Chaplik A, Schoenfeld W, Garcia J M, Petroff P M 2002 Phys. Rev. B 66 193303 Google Scholar
[41]	Glazov M M, Ivchenko E L, Krebs O, Kowalik K, Voisin P 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 193313 Google Scholar
[42]	Tsai M F, Lin H, Lin C H, Lin S D, Wang S Y, Lo M C, Cheng S J, Lee M C, Chang W H 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 267402 Google Scholar

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不同抗磁行为量子点发光在波导中的手性传输