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利用倾斜光纤光栅在发生弯曲时其存在的多种纤芯-包层模式耦合方式容易发生改变, 进而使其光谱特征发生明显变化的特点, 提出并验证了一种基于大角度倾斜光纤光栅包层模的低频声传感方案. 将倾斜光纤光栅与设计的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)换能膜片及腔体结构相结合, 得到了一种有效的低频声传感系统. 该换能膜片在被测声波信号作用下产生振动, 使固定在膜片表面的倾斜光纤光栅发生周期性动态弯曲, 引起倾斜光纤光栅的包层模式光谱发生周期性漂移, 最后采用边缘滤波法进行解调, 实现低频被测声波的有效探测. 实验结果显示, 该传感方案可以在45—220 Hz范围内实现高灵敏度声波探测, 在传感系统固有频率附近54 Hz处获得最大声灵敏度115.88 mV/Pa, 且最小探测声压为539.2 μPa/Hz1/2. 该传感方案具有灵敏度高、重复性好、结构简单、容易加工等优势, 在低频声探测等相关应用领域具有较大的发展前景.A novel low frequency acoustic sensor based on the cladding mode of large-angle tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) is proposed and verified in this work. It mainly uses the characteristic that the coupling mode of the core and cladding mode in TFBG is easy to change when the TFBG experiences micro-bend, which will finally causes a dramatic drift in the spectrum. By combining a large-angle TFBG with the designed polyethylene terephthalate (PET) transducer diaphragm and cavity structure, an effective low-frequency acoustic sensing system is obtained in this work. Under the action of applied acoustic wave, the transducer membrane will have periodic vibrations, which will makes the fixed TFBG dynamically bend, directly leading to a wavelength shift of the cladding mode spectrum. The experimental results show that the sensing system can achieve high-sensitivity acoustic detection in a frequency range of 45–220 Hz, and a maximum acoustic pressure sensitivity of 115.88 mV/Pa at 54 Hz. Moreover, the minimum detection sound pressure can achieve 539.2 μPa/Hz1/2@54 Hz. Therefore, the sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, good repeatability, simple structure, easy processing, etc. It has a great development prospect in the low-frequency acoustic detection related application fields.
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Keywords:
- fiber optic acoustic sensing /
- tilted fiber Bragg grating /
- mode coupling /
- dynamic bending
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图 1 传感系统示意图 (a)声传感光路; (b)传感头
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the proposed sensing system: (a) The acoustic sensing system; (b) the sensor head.
图 2 (a) TFBG的传光结构示意图; (b) TFBG的透射光谱图
Fig. 2. (a) Schematic diagram of TFBG light transmission structure; (b) transmission spectrum diagram of TFBG.
图 3 不同弯曲程度的光谱响应 (a) TFBG在不同曲率下的透射光谱; (b) LP138和LP038的曲率灵敏度
Fig. 3. Spectral response under different bending degrees: (a) Transmission spectra of TFBG with different curvatures; (b) curvature sensitivity for LP138 and LP038.
图 5 不同频率的(a)—(c)频谱响应和(d)—(f)时域波形 (a), (d) 54 Hz; (b), (e) 80 Hz; (c), (f) 180 Hz
Fig. 5. Time spectrum response and domain signal at different frequencies: (a), (d) 54 Hz; (b), (e) 80 Hz; (c), (f) 180 Hz.
表 1 光纤弯曲性能比较
Table 1. Comparison of fiber bending property.
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[1] Mydlarz C, Salamon J, Bello J P 2017 Appl. Acoust. 117 207
Google Scholar
[2] Duan S C, Wang W D, Zhang S, Yang X, Zhang Y, Zhang G J 2021 IEEE Access 9 27122
Google Scholar
[3] Grangeon J, Lesage P 2019 J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 387 106668
Google Scholar
[4] Zhu W H, Li D Y, Liu J J, Wang R H 2020 App. Opt. 59 1775
Google Scholar
[5] Jia J S, Jiang Y, Zhang L C, Gao H C, Jiang L 2019 IEEE Sens. J. 19 7988
Google Scholar
[6] Jiang J, Wang K, Wu X R, Ma G M, Zhang C H 2020 Plasma Sci. Technol. 22 024002
Google Scholar
[7] 刘欣, 蔡宸, 董志飞, 邓欣, 胡昕宇, 祁志美 2022 物理学报 71 094301
Google Scholar
Liu X, Cai C, Dong Z F, Deng X, Hu X Y, Qi Z M 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 094301
Google Scholar
[8] Wang S, Lu P, Liu L, Liao H, et al. 2016 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28 1264
Google Scholar
[9] Dass S, Chatterjee K, Kachhap S, Jha R 2021 J. Lightwave Technol. 39 3974
Google Scholar
[10] Chaganti L, Ahmad M H, Piah M A M, Noor M Y M, Azmi A I 2020 IEEE Access 8 188044
Google Scholar
[11] Dass S, Jha R 2017 J. Lightwave Technol. 35 5411
Google Scholar
[12] Luo C, Lu P, Fu X, Chen J, Wang S, Zhang C, Liu D M, Zhang J S 2016 Photonic Netw. Commun. 32 224
Google Scholar
[13] Fu X, Lu P, Ni W J, Liu L, Liao H, Liu D M, Zhang J S 2016 IEEE Photonics J. 8 6805713
Google Scholar
[14] Lu P, Liu D M, Liao H 2016 Conference on Advanced Sensor Systems and Applications VII Beijing, China, October 12–14, 2016 p202
[15] Guo T A, Liu F, Guan B O, Albert J 2016 Opt. Laser Technol. 78 19
Google Scholar
[16] Hayber S E, Aydemir U, Tabaru T E, Saracoglu O G 2019 IEEE Sens. J. 19 5680
Google Scholar
[17] Guo M, Chen K, Zhang G Y, Li C X, Zhao X Y, Gong Z F, Yu Q X 2022 J. Lightwave Technol. 40 4481
Google Scholar
[18] Kipriksiz S E, Yucel M 2021 Opt. Quantum Electron. 53 6
Google Scholar
[19] Yang S T, Wang H Y, Yuan T T, Zhang X T, Yuan L B 2022 J. Lightwave Technol. 40 6030
Google Scholar
[20] Zhu F X, Zhang Y D, Qu Y C, Jiang W G, Su H Y, Guo Y, Qi K Y 2020 Opt. Fiber Technol. 54 102133
Google Scholar
[21] Monteiro C S, Ferreira M S, Silva S O, Kobelke J, Schuster K, Bierlich J, Frazao O 2016 Photonic Sens. 6 339
Google Scholar
[22] Wei Y, Liu C B, Liu C L, et al. 2022 IEEE Sens. J. 22 21719
Google Scholar
[23] Zhan P, Huang Y L 2020 International Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Technology and Application Nanjing, China, October 20–22, 2020 p827
[24] Wu S N, Wang L, Chen X L, Zhou B 2018 J. Lightwave Technol. 36 2216
Google Scholar
[25] Huang Q Q, Deng S, Li M, et al. 2020 Opt. Eng. 59 064105
[26] Yao Q K, Guo X, Xie L F, et al. 2021 Materials 14 7605
Google Scholar
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