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剪切光束成像是一种非传统地基光学成像技术, 在对位姿快速变化的目标成像时, 为重构目标高分辨率清晰图像, 其成像系统的回波数据采样速率仍不够快. 本文提出一种五光束快速采样的图像重构方法, 通过改变成像系统编码和解码方法, 采用中心对称结构呈“十”字形排布的发射光束阵型, 利用所提的快速图像重构算法, 单次采样的回波数据所能重构的目标图像从1幅增加到8幅, 快速抑制了重构图像的散斑效应. 仿真结果表明, 与传统三光束图像重构方法相比, 获得相同质量图像所需的回波数据采样次数从20次减少至5次, 大幅减少了回波数据采样次数, 提高了回波数据采样速率.Sheared-beam imaging (SBI) is an unconventional ground-based optical imaging technique. It breaks through the traditional optical imaging concept by using three coherent laser beams, which are laterally displaced at the transmit plane, to illuminate the target, reconstructing the target image from echo signals. However, the echo data sampling of the imaging system is still not fast enough to reconstruct the high resolution and clear image of the target when imaging the target that is at rapidly changing position and attitude. In order to solve this problem, in this work an image reconstruction method is proposed based on five-beam fast sampling. An emitted beam array arranged in the cross shape with a central symmetrical structure is proposed, and the encoding and decoding method of the imaging system are changed. With a single exposure, the echo signals carry more spectrum information of the target, and the number of reconstructed images can be increased from 1 to 8, which quickly suppresses the speckle effect of the reconstructed image. Firstly, the principle of the imaging technique based on fast sampling is presented. Then, an image reconstruction algorithm based on fast sampling is studied. Eight groups of phase differences and amplitude information of the target can be extracted from echo signals. The wavefront phases are solved by the least-squares method, and wavefront amplitude can be obtained by the algebraic operation of speckle amplitude. The target image is reconstructed by the inverse Fourier transform. The simulation results show that comparing with the traditional three-beam image reconstruction method, the sampling times of echo data needed to obtain the same quality image are reduced from 20 to 5, which greatly reduces the sampling times of echo data and improves the sampling rate of echo data.
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Keywords:
- sheared-beam imaging /
- fast sampling /
- image reconstruction /
- sampling rate
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图 2 发射平面与目标平面的几何关系
Fig. 2. Geometric relations between emission plane and target plane.
图 3 50次平均后的重构图像 (a)原始图像; (b)快速图像重构算法; (c)传统三光束图像重构算法
Fig. 3. Reconstructed images after 50 averages: (a) Original target image; (b) fast image reconstruction algorithm; (c) traditional three-beam image reconstruction algorithm.
图 4 两种算法的图像Strehl比
Fig. 4. Strehl ratios of reconstructed images with both algorithms.
图 5 两种方法的重构图像 (a)快速图像重构算法; (b)传统三光束图像重构算法
Fig. 5. Reconstructed images with both methods: (a) Fast image reconstruction algorithm; (b) traditional three-beam image reconstruction algorithm.
表 1 成像系统的仿真参数
Table 1. Simulation parameters for imaging system.
仿真参数 取值 激光波长/nm 532 目标尺寸 3 m × 3 m 采样频率/Hz 1200 采样点数量 9600 第1光束频移量/MHz 80 第2光束频移量 80 MHz+20 Hz 第3光束频移量 80 MHz+80 Hz 第4光束频移量 80 MHz+180 Hz 第5光束频移量 80 MHz+220 Hz 剪切量${s_x} $/m 0.09 剪切量${s_y} $/m 0.09 探测器阵列规模 100 × 100 
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表 2 两种算法所需的数据采样次数
Table 2. The number of data sampling times required for both algorithms.
Strehl比 0.7360 0.7612 0.7823 0.8001 0.8133 0.8230 快速图像重构算法的采样次数 1 2 3 4 5 6 传统三光束图像重构算法的采样次数 4 5 7 11 20 无法
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[1] Gao X, Feng L J, Li X Y 2016 Opt. Commun. 380 452
Google Scholar
[2] 董磊, 卢振武, 刘欣悦 2019 中国光学 12 138
Google Scholar
Dong L, Lu Z W, Liu X Y 2019 Chin. Opt. 12 138
Google Scholar
[3] 曹蓓, 罗秀娟, 陈明徕, 张羽 2015 物理学报 64 124205
Google Scholar
Cao B, Luo X J, Chen M L, Zhang Y 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 124205
Google Scholar
[4] 罗秀娟, 刘辉, 张羽, 陈明徕, 兰富洋 2019 中国光学 12 753
Google Scholar
Luo X J, Liu H, Zhang Y, Chen M L, Lan F Y 2019 Chin. Opt. 12 753
Google Scholar
[5] Voelz D G 1995 Proc. SPIE 2566 74
Google Scholar
[6] Hutchin R A 1993 Proc. SPIE 2029 161
Google Scholar
[7] Voelz D G, Gonglewski J D, Idell P S 1993 Proc. SPIE 2029 169
Google Scholar
[8] Landesman B T, Kindilien P, Pierson R E, Matson C L, Mosley D 1997 Opt. Express 1 312
Google Scholar
[9] Sica L 1996 Appl. Opt. 35 264
Google Scholar
[10] 兰富洋, 罗秀娟, 陈明徕, 张羽, 刘辉 2017 物理学报 66 204202
Google Scholar
Lan F Y, Luo X J, Chen M L, Zhang Y, Liu H 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 204202
Google Scholar
[11] 兰富洋, 罗秀娟, 樊学武, 张羽, 陈明徕, 刘辉, 贾辉 2018 物理学报 67 204201
Google Scholar
Lan F Y, Luo X J, Fan X W, Zhang Y, Chen M L, Liu H, Jia H 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 204201
Google Scholar
[12] Stahl S M, Kremer R, Fairchild P, Hughes K, Spivey B 1996 Proc. SPIE 2847 150
Google Scholar
[13] Olson D F, Long S M, Ulibarri L J 2000 Proc. SPIE 4091 323
Google Scholar
[14] 陈明徕, 罗秀娟, 张羽, 兰富洋, 刘辉, 曹蓓, 夏爱利 2017 物理学报 66 024203
Google Scholar
Chen M L, Luo X J, Zhang Y, Lan F Y, Liu H, Cao B, Xia A L 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 024203
Google Scholar
[15] 陆长明, 陈明徕, 罗秀娟, 张羽, 刘辉, 兰富洋, 曹蓓 2017 物理学报 66 114201
Google Scholar
Lu C M, Chen M L, Luo X J, Zhang Y, Liu L, Lan F Y, Cao B 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 114201
Google Scholar
[16] 陈明徕, 刘辉, 张羽, 罗秀娟, 马彩文, 岳泽霖, 赵晶 2022 物理学报 71 194201
Google Scholar
Chen M L, Liu H, Zhang Y, Luo X J, Ma C W, Yue Z L, Zhao J 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 194201
Google Scholar
[17] Chen M L, Ma C W, Luo X J, Liu H, Zhang Y, Yue Z L, Zhao J 2023 Proc. SPIE 12601 126010M-1
Google Scholar
[18] Chen M L, Ma C W, Zhang Y, Liu H, Luo X J, Yue Z L, Zhao J, Sun C 2023 Opt. Eng. 62 073102
Google Scholar
[19] Landesman B T, Olson D F 1994 Proc. SPIE 2302 14
Google Scholar
[20] Bush K A, Barnard C C, Voelz D G 1996 Proc. SPIE 2828 362
Google Scholar
[21] Rider D B, Voelz D G, Bush K A, Magee E 1993 Proc. SPIE 2029 150
Google Scholar
[22] Fienup J R 2003 US Patent 006597304B2 [2003-7-22
[23] Gamiz V L 1994 Proc. SPIE 2302 2
Google Scholar
[24] Speckle-Based Imaging, Optical Physics Company http://www.opci.com/ technologies/speckle-based-imaging [2017-1-9
[25] Goodman J W 1985 Statistical Optics (New York: John Wiley) p495
[26] Goodman J W 1996 Introduction to Fourier Optics (2nd Ed.) (New York: Mc Graw Hill
[27] Xiang M, Pan A, Zhao Y Y, Fan X W, Zhao H, Li C, Yao B L 2021 Opt. Lett. 46 29
Google Scholar
[28] Idell P S, Gonglewski J D 1990 Opt. Lett. 15 1309
Google Scholar
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