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偏滤器脱靶是中国环流三号装置（HL-3）偏滤器热负载的主要控制手段。然而目前的脱靶工作缺少对刮削层-偏滤器区域内复杂多成分粒子问题的研究，如氢同位素（如氘）、外部注入杂质(如氖杂质)、内部固有杂质（如碳杂质）的碰撞、辐射等过程。本工作使用新开发的刮削层-偏滤器多成分粒子输运程序SD1D，研究了碳杂质和中性粒子对中国环流三号上抬升等离子体密度和偏滤器氖气注入两种脱靶方式的影响。研究发现，偏滤器产生的碳杂质对于抬升密度的脱靶方式具有促进作用，但是对注入氖气实现脱靶的过程影响较小。此外，本工作还发现中性粒子（氘原子与氘分子）在这两种脱靶过程中的重要性也有很大的不同：1）抬升等离子体密度可以促进偏滤器内再循环过程产生大量中性粒子，等离子体与中性粒子反应导致的能量与动量损失是实现脱靶的关键因素；2）向偏滤器内注入氖气直接降低了靶板上饱和电流，抑制了再循环过程，从而中性粒子的重要性也随之降低。Divertor detachment is a critical technique for managing the thermal load on the divertor of the HL-3 tokamak, a key device in magnetic confinement fusion research. However, existing studies on detachment have largely overlooked the complex multi-species particle dynamics in the scrape-off layer (SOL) and divertor regions, particularly the interactions involving hydrogen isotopes (e.g., deuterium), externally injected impurities (e.g., neon), and intrinsic impurities (e.g., carbon). This study aims to address this gap by employing the newly developed multi-species particle transport code SD1D to investigate the effects of carbon impurities and neutral particles on two detachment scenarios in HL-3: plasma density ramp-up and neon injection into the divertor.
The SD1D code models the transport, collision, and radiation processes of various particles, including deuterium ions, atoms, and molecules, as well as carbon and neon impurities, along the magnetic field lines from the SOL upstream to the divertor target. The study focuses on understanding how carbon impurities and neutral particles influence the detachment mechanisms under different conditions.
The results reveal that carbon impurities generated in the divertor significantly enhance detachment in the density ramp-up scenario by increasing the density of deuterium atoms, molecules, and ions near the target plate, thereby boosting the total radiation power. This effect lowers the density threshold required for detachment and reduces the peak current on the target plate. However, carbon impurities have a minimal impact on detachment achieved through neon injection, as they do not significantly alter the density of deuterium species or the total radiation power in this scenario.
Furthermore, the study highlights the distinct roles of neutral particles in the two detachment mechanisms. In the density ramp-up scenario, the increased plasma density promotes the recycling process in the divertor, generating a substantial population of neutral particles. The energy and momentum losses resulting from plasma-neutral interactions are crucial for achieving detachment. In contrast, neon injection directly reduces the saturation current on the target plate, suppressing the recycling process and diminishing the importance of neutral particles.
In conclusion, this work demonstrates that carbon impurities play a significant role in facilitating detachment during plasma density ramp-up but have limited influence on detachment via neon injection. The findings underscore the importance of considering multi-species particle dynamics, including neutral particles and impurities, in understanding and optimizing divertor detachment strategies. Future work will involve validating the SD1D model against experimental data from HL-3 to further refine its predictive capabilities.-
Keywords:
- Divertor detachment /
- HL-3 tokamak /
- neutral particles /
- carbon impurities
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