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辐射环境下, 增益光纤的辐致损耗会引起激光器输出性能的退化. 光漂白是降低辐射影响, 恢复激光器输出特性的一种有效方法. 本文对掺镱光纤激光器的辐照和光漂白特性开展了实验研究和模拟仿真. 在伽马辐照实验中, 激光器输出功率出现了明显的下降; 在漂白实验中, 观察到了激光器的性能恢复, 即自漂白现象. 为了摸清产生漂白效应的具体激光波长, 使用915, 976, 1070和1550 nm等不同波长激光测试了掺镱光纤内部辐致损耗的漂白特性, 明确了1 μm波段激光信号是引起掺镱光纤激光器性能恢复的主要因素, 而915, 976和1550 nm波段信号则无法实现对掺镱光纤的有效漂白. 测量了不同泵浦功率下掺镱光纤的漂白曲线, 并通过拟合得到了1070 nm光漂白下, 掺镱光纤辐致损耗的演化参数. 在此基础上, 计算给出了在辐照和光漂白条件下, 掺镱光纤内部辐致损耗的演化曲线; 结合激光器的辐射物理模型, 仿真给出了掺镱光纤激光器的功率演化曲线; 相关计算和仿真结果与实验测量数据变化趋势一致. 相关工作可为光纤激光器在辐射和漂白条件下性能演化预估提供技术支撑.In radiation environments, the radiation induced attenuation (RIA) of the active optical fiber can lead to a significant decline in the performance of fiber laser system. An effective way to solve this problem is to bleach the active fiber using pumps at certain wavelengths, namely photo-bleaching. Experiments have shown that output power of irradiated Yb-doped fiber laser experiences remarkable recovery under 976-nm pump. However, under 976-nm pump, signals at both 976 nm and 1070 nm co-exist in Yb-doped fiber. Moreover, it is difficult to distinguish which wavelength is responsible for the photo-bleaching process. Herein, a one-hundred-μm level Yb-doped fiber laser is irradiated with gamma-ray radiation. In the radiation process, a significant output decline from 129 W at 0 Gy to 81 W at 100 Gy is observed. Then, self-bleaching test is conducted with 976-nm pump. After 2-h bleaching, the output power is restored to 111 W, corresponding to a recovery ratio of about 37.0%. To verify the specific wavelength responsible for the performance recovery, photo-bleaching characteristics of Yb-doped fiber lasers are investigated under different pump wavelengths including 915, 976, 1070 and 1550 nm. Experiments show that laser signal at 1 μm waveband is the primary cause for the bleaching of Yb-doped fibers, while, the pump at 915, 976 and 1550 nm can hardly bleach the irradiated Yb-doped fiber. The RIA recovery curves of Yb-doped fibers are measured under different 1070-nm bleaching powers. And, related evolution parameters are obtained through curve fitting. With these parameters, the RIA evolution of the Yb-doped fiber and the corresponding output power evolution of the Yb-doped fiber laser in the radiation and bleaching process are simulated. Comparisons show that the numerical results are consistent with the measurements qualitatively, demonstrating the reliability of the model. This work has guiding significance for predicting the performance of fiber laser systems in radiation and bleaching environments.
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Keywords:
- radiation induced attenuation /
- Yb-doped fiber laser /
- photo-bleaching
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图 1 掺镱光纤激光器辐照、光漂白实验光路结构图(LD, 半导体激光器; PC, 泵浦合束器; HR FBG, 高反光纤光栅; PR FBG, 部分反射光纤光栅; YDF, 掺镱光纤; CPS, 泵浦剥除器; QBH, 防反射输出接头)
Fig. 1. Setup for the irradiation and photo-bleaching experiments of Yb-doped fiber lasers (LD, laser diode; PC, pump combiner; HR FBG, highly-reflective fiber Bragg grating; PR FBG, partially-reflective fiber Bragg grating; YDF, Yb-doped fiber; CPS, cladding pump striper; QBH, quasi-Brewster head).
图 2 辐照、漂白前后激光器输出功率特性 (a) 功率演化; (b) 输出功率随泵浦功率变化
Fig. 2. Output characteristics of Yb-doped fiber lasers before and after radiation and photo-bleaching: (a) Output power evolution; (b) output power vs. pump power.
图 3 1550 nm漂白下激光功率监测结果 (a) 55 mW; (b) 120 mW
Fig. 3. Recorded power information under 1550 nm bleaching: (a) 55 mW; (b) 120 mW.
图 4 1550 nm漂白前后掺镱光纤的后向散射信号
Fig. 4. Backward scattering signal of Yb-doped fiber before and after 1550 nm bleaching.
图 5 915 nm/976 nm漂白特性测试光路结构图(EDFL, 掺铒光纤激光器; OC, 耦合器; PM, 功率计)
Fig. 5. Schematic diagram for 915 nm/976 nm bleaching tests (EDFL, Er-doped fiber laser; OC, output coupler; PM, power-meter).
图 6 915 nm/976 nm激光漂白下功率测量结果 (a) 915 nm; (b) 976 nm
Fig. 6. Recorded power information under 915 nm/976 nm bleaching: (a) 915 nm; (b) 976 nm.
图 7 915 nm/976 nm漂白前后掺镱光纤的后向散射信号
Fig. 7. Backward scattering signal of Yb-doped fiber before and after 915 nm/976 nm bleaching.
图 8 500 mW 1070 nm激光漂白下掺镱光纤输出端功率测量结果
Fig. 8. Recorded power information under 500 mW 1070 nm bleaching.
图 9 1070 nm激光漂白前后掺镱光纤后向散射信号测量结果
Fig. 9. Backward scattering signal of Yb-doped fiber before and after 1070 nm bleaching.
图 10 1070 nm激光漂白下掺镱光纤内部辐致损耗演化 (a) 输出端功率; (b) 辐致损耗
Fig. 10. Backward scattering signal of Yb-doped fiber before and after 1070 nm bleaching: (a) Recorded signal power; (b) radiation induced attenuation.
图 11 1070 nm激光漂白下掺镱光纤内部辐致损耗演化参数 (a) 时间常数; (b) 稳态辐致损耗
Fig. 11. Radiation induced attenuation parameters of Yb-doped fiber under 1070 nm bleaching: (a) Time constant; (b) radiation induced attenuation at equilibrium state.
图 12 不同功率1070 nm激光漂白下仿真模拟结果 (a) 掺镱光纤内部辐致损耗演化; (b) 掺镱光纤激光器输出功率演化
Fig. 12. Simulation results under 1070 nm bleaching: (a) Radiation induced attenuation inside the YDF; (b) output power evolution of the YDFL.
表 1 实验所用掺镱光纤信息
Table 1. Parameters of the exploited YDF.
参数 数值 参数 数值 尺寸/μm 20/400 Yb离子浓度
/(1025 m–3)4.95 纤芯数值孔径 0.06 Al离子浓度
/(1026 m–3)5.82 976 nm处吸收系数
/(dB·m–1)1.31
P离子浓度
/(1026 m–3)6.16 
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