Enhancement of graphene three-channel optical absorption based on metal grating

Jiang Xiao-Wei; Wu Hua; Yuan Shou-Cai

doi:10.7498/aps.68.20182173

Abstract

As an emerging new material, graphene has aroused the great research interest. How to improve its absorption efficiency is one of the hot research topics. However, currently most of the studies concentrate in THz band or middle-to-far-infrared region: the research in the visible and near-infrared regions is rare, which greatly limits the applications of graphene in opto-electric fields. In order to improve the absorption efficiency of single-layered graphene in visible and near-infrared band and realize multi-channel optical absorption enhancement, we propose a hybrid structure consisting of graphene-metal grating-dielectric layer-metal substrate. The proposed structure can realize three-channel light absorption enhancement at wavelengths λ₁ = 0.553 μm, λ₂ = 0.769 μm, and λ₃ = 1.130 μm. The maximum absorption efficiency of graphene is 41%, which is 17.82 times that of single-layered graphene. The magnetic field distributions of the hybrid structure at three resonance wavelengths are calculated respectively. It can be found that for the resonance peak λ₁, the energy of light field is distributed mainly on the surface of metal grating, which is the characteristic of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) resonance. Therefore, it can be judged that the enhancement of graphene absorption in this channel is due to the SPP resonance stimulated by metal grating. For the resonance peak λ₂, the energy of the optical field is mainly confined into the metal grating groove, which is the remarkable resonance characteristic of the Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavity, it can be concluded that the enhancement of the optical absorption of graphene at the resonance peak λ₂ is due to the resonance of the FP cavity. When the resonance peak is λ₃, the energy of the light field mainly concentrates on the upper and lower edges of the metal grating and permeates into the SiO₂ layer, and it can be observed that there are energy concentration points (reddish) at the left end and the right end of the metal grating edge, which is a typical magnetic polariton (MP) resonance feature. Therefore, the enhancement of absorption of graphene at the resonance peak λ₃ is caused by the MP resonance induced by the metal grating. We also analyze the absorption characteristic (resonance wavelength and absorption efficiency) dependence on structure parameters by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation. Our study reveals that by increasing grating width, all the three resonance wavelengths are red-shifted, and the absorption efficiency at λ₂ and λ₃ are both enhanced whereas the absorption efficiency at λ₁ almost keeps unchanged. By increasing dielectric layer thickness, λ₂ will be red-shifted and λ₃ will be blue-shifted, whereas the absorption efficiency at the three resonance wavelengths all remain constant. By increasing graphene chemical potential, none of the wavelengths of the three absorption peaks is shifted, and the absorption efficiency at λ₃ decreases. According to our findings, we optimize structure parameters and achieve the light absorption efficiency larger than 97% at the three channels simultaneously, which can make metamaterial absorbers.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
College of Information Engineering, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou 32400, China
2.
College of Physics and Electronic Information, GanNan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
3.
Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Key Laboratory of Opto-electronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China

Corresponding author: Wu Hua, wh1125@126.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61575008, 61650404), the General Research Projects of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department, China (Grant Nos. Y201738091, Y201839950), the Jiangxi Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant No. 20171BAB202037), the Technology Project of Jiangxi Provincial Education Department, China (Grant No. GJJ170819), the Quzhou Science and Technology Project, China (Grant No. 2017G16), Intelligent Manufacturing Industry and Industrial Big Data Technology Application Innovation Team, China(Grant No. QZCX1801), and the Science and the Bidding for Gannan Normal University, China (Grant No. 16zb04).

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References

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Cited By

图 1 石墨烯-金属光栅-绝缘层-金属衬底混合结构

Figure 1. Graphene-metal grating-insulating layer-metal substrate hybrid structure.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 有和没有石墨烯层混合结构的吸收率

Figure 2. Absorption efficiency of hybrid structure with and without a graphene layer.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 混合结构在共振波长处的磁场分布

Figure 3. Magnetic field distribution of hybrid structure at resonance wavelength.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 光栅宽度对混合结构吸特性的影响

Figure 4. Influence of the width of the grating on the absorption characteristics of the hybrid structure.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 混合结构RLC等效电路

Figure 5. RLC equivalent circuit of hybrid structure.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 SiO₂层厚度d对混合结构吸特性的影响

Figure 6. Influence of the thickness of the SiO₂ layer on the absorption characteristics of the hybrid structure.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 化学势对混合结构吸收特性的影响

Figure 7. Influence of the chemical potential on the absorption characteristics of the hybrid structure.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 不同共振波长下化学势对石墨烯介电常数虚部的影响

Figure 8. Influence of the chemical potential on the imaginary part of dielectric constant of graphene at different Resonance wavelength.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 9 最优参数下混合结构的吸收效率

Figure 9. Absorption efficiency of optimal mixed structures.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

[1]	Zhao B, Zhao J M, Zhang Z M 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 031905
[2]	Lee C, Wei X, Kysar J W, Hone J 2008 Science 321 385 Google Scholar
[3]	Du X, Skachko I, Barker A, Andrei E Y 2008 Nature Nanotechnol. 3 491 Google Scholar
[4]	梁振江, 刘海霞, 牛燕雄, 尹贻恒 2016 物理学报 65 138501 Google Scholar Liang Z J, Liu H X, Niu Y X, Yin Y H 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 138501 Google Scholar
[5]	Sukosin T, Frank H L K, Javier G D A 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 47401 Google Scholar
[6]	Zhao Z, Li G, Yu F, Yang H, Chen X, Lu W 2018 Plasmonics 13 2267
[7]	梁振江, 刘海霞, 牛燕雄, 刘凯铭, 尹贻恒 2016 物理学报 65 168101 Google Scholar Liang Z J, Liu H X, Niu Y X, Liu K M,Yin Y H 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 168101 Google Scholar
[8]	Gao Y, Zhou G, Zhao N, Tsang H K, Shu C 2018 Opt. Lett. 43 1399 Google Scholar
[9]	Ferrari A, Ferrante C, Virga A, Benfatto L, Martinati M, Fazio D D 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 308 Google Scholar
[10]	Sun Z, Hasan T, Torrisi F, Popa D, Privitera G, Wang F 2010 Acs Nano 4 803 Google Scholar
[11]	Qiu J, Shang Y, Chen X, Li S, Ma W, Wan X 2018 J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 34 2197
[12]	Zhang L, Ding Z C, Tong T, Liu J 2017 Nanoscale 9 3524 Google Scholar
[13]	Hsiao T J, Eyassu T, Henderson K, Kim T, Lin C T 2013 Nanotechnology 24 395401 Google Scholar
[14]	Lu H, Cumming B P, Gu M 2015 Opt. Lett. 40 3647 Google Scholar
[15]	Fang Z Y, Wang Y M, Schlather A E, Liu Z, Ajayan P M 2014 Nano Lett. 14 299 Google Scholar
[16]	张会云, 黄晓燕, 陈琦, 丁春峰, 李彤彤吕欢欢徐世林张晓张玉萍姚建铨 2016 物理学报 65 018101 Google Scholar Zhang H Y, Huang X Y, Chen Q, Ding C F, Li T T, Lü H H, Xu S L, Zhang X, Zhang Y P, Yao J 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 018101 Google Scholar
[17]	Sang T, Wang R, Li J L, Zhou J Y, Wang Y K 2018 Opt. Commun. 413 255 Google Scholar
[18]	Wang B, Qin C, Huang H, Long H, Wang K, Lu P 2014 Opt. Express 22 25324 Google Scholar
[19]	Nair R R, Blake P, Grigorenko A N, Novoselov K S, Booth T J 2008 Science 320 1308 Google Scholar
[20]	Liu Y, Chadha A, Zhao D, Piper J R 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 181105 Google Scholar
[21]	Furchi M, Urich A, Pospischil A, Lilley G, Unterrainer K 2012 Nano Lett. 12 2273
[22]	Liu J T, Liu N H, Li J, Li X J, Huang J H 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 052104 Google Scholar
[23]	Zhang L, Tang L, Wei W, Cheng X, Wang W, Zhang H 2016 Opt. Express 24 20002 Google Scholar
[24]	Fang Z, Wang Y, Zheng L, Schlather A, Ajayan P M 2012 Acs Nano 6 10222 Google Scholar
[25]	Xia S X, Zhai X, Huang Y, Liu J Q, Wang L L, Wen S C 2017 Opt. Lett. 42 3052 Google Scholar
[26]	Thareja V, Kang J H, Yuan H, Milaninia K M, Hwang H Y, Cui Y 2015 Nano Lett. 15 1570 Google Scholar
[27]	高健, 桑田, 李俊浪, 王啦 2018 物理学报 67 184210 Google Scholar Gao J, Sang T, Li J L, Wang L 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 184210 Google Scholar
[28]	Liu B, Tang C, Chen J Pei M, Wang Q 2017 Opt. Express 25 12061 Google Scholar
[29]	陈浩, 张晓霞, 王鸿, 姬月华 2018 物理学报 67 118101 Google Scholar Chen H, Zhang X X, Wang H, Ji Y H. 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 118101 Google Scholar
[30]	Bao Q, Zhang H, Wang B, Ni Z, Wang Y 2011 Nature Photo. 5 411 Google Scholar
[31]	Zhao B, Zhao J M, Zhang Z M 2015 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 32 1176 Google Scholar
[32]	Wang L P, Zhang Z M 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 111904 Google Scholar
[33]	Garciavidal F J, Sanchezdehesa J, Dechelette A 2002 J. Lightwave Technol. 11 2191
[34]	叶胜威 2018 博士学位论文(成都: 电子科技大学) Ye S W 2018 Ph. D. Dissertation (Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China)(in Chinese)
[35]	Su Z, Yin J, Zhao X 2015 Opt. Express 23 1679 Google Scholar
[36]	Luo C, Ling F, Yao G 2016 Opt. Express 24 1518 Google Scholar

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Vol. 68, Issue 13 - 2019-07-05

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