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In recent years, flexible gas sensors have aroused wide interest of researchers due to their enormous potential applications in wearable electronic devices. In this paper, a flexible gas sensor is prepared. We use silver nanowires as flexible interdigital electrodes for gas sensors and reduced graphene oxide as gas-sensing materials. We also study its gas sensitivity and flexibility properties such as responsiveness, recovery, and repeatability to nitrogen dioxide. The experimental results show that the silver nanowire flexible electrode and the reduced graphene oxide gas sensor prepared can detect the NO2 gas with a concentration of 5—50 ppm at room temperature. The response (Ra/Rg) of the sensor to 50 ppm NO2 is 1.19. It demonstrates high response ability and repeatability. The recovery rate can be kept above 76%. The sensitivity of the sensor is 0.00281 ppm-1. The response time and recovery time of the prepared AgNWs IDE-rGO sensor for 5 ppm NO2 gas are 990 s and 1566 s, respectively. At the same time, the sensor still exhibits excellent gas sensing performance at a bending angle in range from 0° to 45°. The device has relatively stable conductivity and good bending tolerance. The sensing mechanism of the sensor can be attributed to the direct charge transfer between the reduced graphene oxide material and NO2 gas molecules. In addition, the high catalytic activity and excellent conductivity of Ag that is a common catalyst material, may also play an important role in improving the gas sensitivity of reduced graphene oxide materials. Silver nanowires, as a material for interdigital electrodes, provide excellent conductivity for device as well as support for the flexibility of device. It provides the fabricated sensor for good mechanical flexibility. And the gas-sensing performance of the AgNWs IDE-rGO sensor is mainly achieved by the use of reduced oxidized graphene material reduced by hydrazine hydrate. In summary, the silver nanowire flexible electrode and the graphene gas sensor prepared in this work are helpful in realizing the flexibility of the gas sensor. It lays a foundation for the further application of flexible gas sensors and has great application prospects in wearable electronic equipments.
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Keywords:
- silver nanowires /
- flexible electrodes /
- reduced graphene oxide /
- gas sensing
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图 1 AgNWs IDE-rGO器件的制备过程示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the fabrication process of the AgNWs IDE-rGO device.
图 2 (a)银纳米线叉指电极的光学图片; (b)单个电极结构尺寸示意图
Figure 2. (a) Optical image of the AgNWs IDE array on portable stickers; (b) dimensions of the single electrode structure.
图 3 气敏测试装置示意图
Figure 3. Schematic illustration of the gas sensing test setup.
图 4 对5—50 ppm NO2的实时响应曲线
Figure 4. Real-time response curves to 5–50 ppm NO2.
图 5 响应与浓度的关系
Figure 5. Plot of response vs. concentration.
图 6 恢复率与浓度的关系
Figure 6. Plot of recovery vs. concentration.
图 7 传感器对15 ppm二氧化氮气体响应的重复性测试
Figure 7. Repeatability of the sensor after exposure to 15 ppm NO2.
图 8 传感器对5 ppm二氧化氮气体的响应和恢复时间
Figure 8. Response and recovery times of the sensor to 5 ppm NO2.
图 9 传感器对不同目标气体的选择性
Figure 9. Selectivity of the sensor by exposing the device to different target gases.
图 10 AgNWs IDE-rGO传感器的柔韧性能测试 (a)器件电阻随弯曲次数的变化; (b)在不同弯曲角度下的响应与浓度的关系
Figure 10. Flexibility of the AgNWs IDE-rGO sensor: (a) Device resistance varies with the bending cycles; (b) plot of response vs concentration at the different bending angles.
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[1] Singh E, Meyyappan M, Nalwa H S 2017 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 34544
Google Scholar
[2] Gao Z Y, Lou Z, Chen S, Li L, Jiang K, Fu Z L, Han W, Shen G Z 2018 Nano Res. 11 511
Google Scholar
[3] Guo Y, Wang T, Chen F, Sun X, Li X, Yu Z, Wan P, Chen X 2016 Nanoscale 8 12073
Google Scholar
[4] Li S, Liu A, Yang Z, He J, Wang J, Liu F, Lu H, Yan X, Sun P, Liang X 2019 Sens. Actuator B: Chem. 299 126970
Google Scholar
[5] Choi T Y, Hwang BU, Kim BY, Trung T Q, Nam Y H, Kim DN, Eom K, Lee NE 2017 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 18022
Google Scholar
[6] Qi W Z, Li W W, Sun Y L, Guo J H, Xie D, Cai L, Zhu H W, Xiang L, Ren T L 2019 Nanotechnology 30 345503
Google Scholar
[7] Li W W, Teng C J, Sun Y L, Cai L, Xu J L, Sun M X, Li X, Yang X K, Xiang L, Xie D Ren T L 2018 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10 34485
Google Scholar
[8] Khaligh H H, Liew K, Han Y, Abukhdeir N M, Goldthorpe I A 2015 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 132 337
Google Scholar
[9] Yun C D, Hyun Wook K, Hyung Jin S, Soo K S 2013 Nanoscale 5 977
Google Scholar
[10] Yao S, Myers A, Malhotra A, Lin F, Bozkurt A, Muth J F, Zhu Y 2017 Adv. Healthcare Mater 6 1601159
Google Scholar
[11] Liu J H, Yang X K, Cui H Q, Wei B, Li C, Chen Y B, Zhang M L, Li C, Dong D N 2019 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 491 165607
Google Scholar
[12] Liu J H, Yang X K, Cui H Q, Wang S, Wei B, Li C, Li C, Dong D N 2019 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 474 161
Google Scholar
[13] Liu J H, Yang X K, Zhang M L, Wei B, Li C, Dong D N, Li C 2019 IEEEElectron Dev. Lett. 40 220
Google Scholar
[14] Dong D N, Cai L, Li C, Liu B J, Li C, Liu J H 2019 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 52 295001
Google Scholar
[15] Schedin F, Geim A, Morozov S, Hill E, Blake P, Katsnelson M, Novoselov K 2007 Nat. Mater. 6 652
Google Scholar
[16] Li W W, Li X, Cai L, Sun Y L, Sun M X, Xie D 2018 J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 18 7927
Google Scholar
[17] Li W W, Guo J H, Cai L, Qi W Z, Sun Y L, Xu J L, Sun M X, Zhu H W, Xiang L, Xie D, Ren T L 2019 Sens. Actuator B: Chem. 290 443
Google Scholar
[18] Dan L, Marc B M, Scott G, Richard B K, Gordon G W 2008 Nat. Nanotechnol. 3 101
Google Scholar
[19] Vuong D D, Sakai G, Shimanoe K, Yamazoe N 2005 Sens. Actuator B: Chem. 105 437
Google Scholar
[20] Ye Z, Tai H, Xie T, Yuan Z, Liu C, Jiang Y 2016 Sens. Actuator B: Chem. 223 149
Google Scholar
[21] Hotovy I, Rehacek V, Siciliano P, Capone S, Spiess L 2002 Thin Solid Films 418 9
Google Scholar
[22] Ko K Y, Song JG, Kim Y, Choi T, Shin S, Lee C W, Lee K, Koo J, Lee H, Kim J 2016 ACS nano 10 9287
Google Scholar
[23] Chen G, Paronyan T M, Harutyunyan A R 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 053119
Google Scholar
[24] Choi H, Choi J S, Kim J S, Choe J H, Chung K H, Shin J W, Kim J T, Youn D H, Kim K C, Lee J I 2014 Small 10 3685
Google Scholar
[25] Chung M G, Kim D H, Lee H M, Kim T, Choi J H, kyun Seo D, Yoo JB, Hong SH, Kang T J, Kim Y H 2012 Sens. Actuator B: Chem. 166 172
[26] Kim K S, Zhao Y, Jang H, Lee S Y, Kim J M, Kim K S, Ahn JH, Kim P, Choi JY, Hong B H 2009 Nature 457 706
Google Scholar
[27] Tjoa V, Jun W, Dravid V, Mhaisalkar S, Mathews N 2011 J. Mater. Chem. 21 15593
Google Scholar
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