Research progress of room temperature magnetic skyrmion and its application

Liu Yi; Qian Zheng-Hong; Zhu Jian-Guo

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20200984

Abstract

It has been found that many magnetic materials possess the properties arising from skyrmions at room temperature. In addition to the common interaction energy, chiral interaction is also needed to form the skyrmion in magnetic material. There are four chiral magnetic interactions, namely: 1) Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction; 2) long-ranged magnetic dipolar interaction; 3) four-spin exchange interaction; 4) frustrated exchanged interaction. Through the competition between exchange interaction and chiral interaction, magnetic skyrmion can be realized in magnetic material subject to a certain magnetic field and temperature. The skyrmion generated by the DM interaction features small size (5–100 nm), which is easy to adjust. The skyrmion can be driven by magnetic field or ultralow current density. The magnetic materials with skyrmion can exhibit the properties related to the skyrmion Hall effect, the topological Hall effect and the emergent electrodynamics, which are closely related to the skyrmion number. The existence of skyrmion in the magnetic material can be indirectly measured by topological Hall effect. The movement of skyrmion can be driven by spin polarized current in the direction either parallel or perpendicular to the current direction. The movement of the skyrmion driven by spin polarized currents will continue when the current is present, and will disappear when the current disappears. In previous studies, magnetic skyrmions were realized in a variety of materials. However magnetic skyrmions were found only in very limited types of single crystal materials at room temperature or near room temperature. In recent years, scientists have discovered a variety of magnetic skyrmion materials at room temperature, including film materials (such as multilayer materials, artificial skyrmion materials) and crystal materialssuch as β-Mn-type Co_10–x/2Zn_10–x/2Mn_x, Fe₃Sn₂. Among all kinds of room temperature magnetic skyrmion materials, the most valuable one is the multilayer film material. The Skyrmion multilayer film has the advantages of small size, adjustable material type, simple preparation, good temperature stability, good device integration,etc. At the same time, skyrmion multilayer film is very easy to optimize by adjusting and constructing a special structure that has the wanted types of materials each with a certain thickness. Artificial skyrmion material obtains artificial skyrmion by constructing a micro-nano structure, therefore the artificial skyrmion with high-temperature stability can be realized by choosing high Curie temperature materials. There are a variety of materials which can realize the skyrmion above room temperature, such as Co₉Zn₉Mn₂ (300–390 K) and Fe₃Sn₂ (100–400 K). These room temperature materials further widen the temperature application range of skyrmion. The room temperature materials can be prepared or characterized by a variety of techniquesincluding sputtering for fabrication and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism-photoemission electron microscopy (XMCD-PEEM) for characterization. The discovery of the magnetic skyrmion materials at room temperature not only enriches the research content of materials science, but also makes the skyrmion widely applicable in novel electronic devices (such as racetrack memory, microwave detector, oscillators). Because the skyrmion has the advantages of small size, ultra-low driving current density, and topological stability, it is expected to produce racetrack memory based on the skyrmion with low energy consumption, non-volatile and high density. The MTJ microwave detector based on skyrmion can be achieved with no external magnetic field nor bias current but with low power input (< 1.0 μW); the sensitivity of the microwave detector can reach 2000 V·W^–1. The frequency of the oscillator based on skyrmion can be tuned by magnetic field or current, and moreover, the oscillato is very easy to integrate with IC. In this paper, first, the basic characteristic of magnetic skyrmion is introduced; and then room temperature magnetic skyrmion is reviewed; finally the advances of the racetrack memory, microwave detectors and oscillators are introduced, highlighting the development trend of room temperature magnetic skyrmion.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
2.
School of Information Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China

Corresponding author: Qian Zheng-Hong, zqian@hdu.edu.cn ; Zhu Jian-Guo, nic0400@scu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFF01010701) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China

FullText HTML : translate this paragraph

References

[1]	Nagaosa N, Tokura Y 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 899 Google Scholar
[2]	Finocchio G, Büttner F, Tomasello R, Carpentieri M, Kläui M 2016 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 49 423001 Google Scholar
[3]	Moriya T 1960 Phys. Rev. 120 91 Google Scholar
[4]	Zhang X, Zhou Y, Song K, Park T, Xia J, Ezawa M, Liu X, Zhao W, Zhao G, Woo S 2020 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter. 32 143001 Google Scholar
[5]	栗佳 2017 物理 46 281 Google Scholar Li J 2017 Physics 46 281 Google Scholar
[6]	Skyrme T H R 1962 Nucl. Phys. 31 556 Google Scholar
[7]	Fert A, Cros V, Sampaio J 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 152 Google Scholar
[8]	Sondhi S L, Karlhede A, Kivelson S A, Rezayi E H 1993 Phys. Rev. B 47 16419 Google Scholar
[9]	Rössler U K, Bogdanov A N, Pfleiderer C 2006 Nature 442 797 Google Scholar
[10]	Mühlbauer S, Binz B, Jonietz F, Pfleiderer C, Rosch A, Neubauer A, Georgii R, Böni P 2009 Science 323 915 Google Scholar
[11]	Heinze S, von Bergmann K, Menzel M, Brede J, Kubetzka A, Wiesendanger R, Bihlmayer G, Blügel S 2011 Nat. Phys. 7 713 Google Scholar
[12]	Park H S, Yu X, Aizawa S, Tanigaki T, Akashi T, Takahashi Y, Matsuda T, Kanazawa N, Onose Y, Shindo D, Tonomura A, Tokura Y 2014 Nat. Nanotechnol. 9 337 Google Scholar
[13]	Yu X Z, Kanazawa N, Onose Y, Kimoto K, Zhang W Z, Ishiwata S, Matsui Y, Tokura Y 2011 Nat. Mater. 10 106 Google Scholar
[14]	Jiang W J, Upadhyaya P, Zhang W, Yu G, Jungfleisch M B, Fradin F Y, Pearson J E, Tserkovnyak Y, Wang K L, Heinonen O 2015 Science 349 283 Google Scholar
[15]	Li J, Tan A, Moon K W, Doran A, Marcus M A, Young A T, Arenholz E, Ma S, Yang R F, Hwang C, Qiu Z Q 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4704 Google Scholar
[16]	Wang W, Zhang Y, Xu G, Peng L, Ding B, Wang Y, Hou Z, Zhang X, Li X, Liu E 2016 Adv. Mater. 28 6887 Google Scholar
[17]	Jiang W, Zhang X, Yu G, Zhang W, Wang X, Jungfleisch M B, Pearson J E, Cheng X, Heinonen O, Wang K L 2016 Nat. Mater. 13 162 Google Scholar
[18]	Moreau-Luchaire C, Moutafis C, Reyren N, Sampaio J, Vaz C A F, van Horne N, Bouzehouane K, Garcia K, Deranlot C, Warnicke P, Wohlhüter P, George J M, Weigand M, Raabe J, Cros V, Fert A 2016 Nat. Nanotechnol. 11 444 Google Scholar
[19]	Woo S, Litzius K, Krüger B, Im M, Caretta L, Richter K, Mann M, Krone A, Reeve R M, Weigand M, Agrawal P, Lemesh I, Mawass M, Fischer P, Kläui M, Beach G S D 2016 Nat. Mater. 15 501 Google Scholar
[20]	Jiang W, Chen G, Liu K, Zang J, Te Velthuis S G E, Hoffmann A 2017 Phys. Rep. 704 1 Google Scholar
[21]	Boulle O, Vogel J, Yang H, Pizzini S, de Souza Chaves D, Locatelli A, Menteş T O, Sala A, Buda-Prejbeanu L D, Klein O, Belmeguenai M, Roussigné Y, Stashkevich A, Chérif S M, Aballe L, Foerster M, Chshiev M, Auffret S, Miron I M, Gaudin G 2016 Nat. Nanotechnol. 11 449 Google Scholar
[22]	Sun L, Cao R X, Miao B F, Feng Z, You B, Wu D, Zhang W, Hu A, Ding H F 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 167201 Google Scholar
[23]	Woo S, Song K M, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Ezawa M, Liu X, Finizio S, Raabe J, Lee N J, Kim S, Park S, Kim Y, Kim J, Lee D, Lee O, Choi J W, Min B, Koo H C, Chang J 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 959 Google Scholar
[24]	Karube K, White J S, Morikawa D, Bartkowiak M, Kikkawa A, Tokunaga Y, Arima T, Ronnow H M, Tokura Y, Taguchi Y 2017 Phys. Rev. Materials 1 74405 Google Scholar
[25]	Tokunaga Y, Yu X Z, White J S, Rønnow H M, Morikawa D, Taguchi Y, Tokura Y 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 7638 Google Scholar
[26]	侯志鹏, 丁贝, 李航, 徐桂舟, 王文洪, 吴光恒 2018 物理学报 67 137509 Google Scholar Hou Z, Ding B, Li H, Xu G, Wang W, Wu G H 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 137509 Google Scholar
[27]	Fert A, Reyren N, Cros V 2017 Nat. Rev. Mater. 2 17031 Google Scholar
[28]	Kanazawa N, Seki S, Tokura Y 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1603227 Google Scholar
[29]	Litzius K, Lemesh I, Krüger B, Bassirian P, Caretta L, Richter K, Büttner F, Sato K, Tre-tiakov O A, Förster J, Reeve R M, Weigand M, Bykova I, Stoll H, Schütz G, Beach G S D, Kläui M 2017 Nat. Phys. 13 170 Google Scholar
[30]	Liu Y, Luo Y, Qian Z, Zhu J 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 127503 Google Scholar
[31]	Seki S, Mochizuki M 2016 Skyrmions in Magnetic Materials (Switzerland: Springer International Publishing) p35
[32]	Jonietz F, Mühlbauer S, Pfleiderer C, Neubauer A, Münzer W, Bauer A, Adams T, Georgii R, Böni P, Duine R A, Everschor K, Garst M, Rosch A 2010 Science 330 1648 Google Scholar
[33]	Yu X Z, Kanazawa N, Zhang W Z, Nagai T, Hara T, Kimoto K, Matsui Y, Onose Y, Tokura Y 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 988 Google Scholar
[34]	Ao P, Thouless D J 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 2158 Google Scholar
[35]	Yu X Z, Onose Y, Kanazawa N, Park J H, Han J H, Matsui Y, Nagaosa N, Tokura Y 2010 Nature 465 901 Google Scholar
[36]	Seki S, Tokura Y 2012 Science 336 198 Google Scholar
[37]	Okamura Y, Kagawa F, Seki S, Tokura Y 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 12669 Google Scholar
[38]	Romming N, Hanneken C, Menzel M, Bickel J E, Wolter B, Bergmann K V, Kubetzka A, Wiesendanger R 2013 Science 341 636 Google Scholar
[39]	Milde P, Köhler D, Seidel J, Eng L M, Bauer A, Chacon A, Kindervater J, Mühlbauer S, Pfleiderer C, Buhrandt S 2013 Science 340 1076 Google Scholar
[40]	Gilbert D A, Maranville B B, Balk A L, Kirby B J, Fischer P, Pierce D T, Unguris J, Borchers J A, Liu K 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8462 Google Scholar
[41]	Karube K, White J S, Reynolds N, Gavilano J L, Oike H, Kikkawa A, Kagawa F, Tokunaga Y, Rønnow H M, Tokura Y, Taguchi Y 2016 Nat. Mater. 15 1237 Google Scholar
[42]	Yu X, Mostovoy M, Tokunaga Y, Zhang W, Kimoto K, Matsui Y, Kaneko Y, Nagaosa N, Tokura Y 2012 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109 8856 Google Scholar
[43]	Yu G, Upadhyaya P, Li X, Li W, Kim S K, Fan Y, Wong K L, Tserkovnyak Y, Amiri P K, Wang K L 2016 Nano Lett. 16 1981 Google Scholar
[44]	Cao A, Zhang X, Koopmans B, Peng S, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Yan S, Yang H, Zhao W 2018 Nanoscale 10 12062 Google Scholar
[45]	Soumyanarayanan A, Raju M, Oyarce A L G, Tan A K C, Im M, Petrovic A P, Ho P, Khoo K H, Tran M, Gan C K, Ernult F, Panagopoulos C 2017 Nat. Mater. 16 898 Google Scholar
[46]	Dovzhenko Y, Casola F, Schlotter S, Zhou T X, Büttner F, Walsworth R L, Beach G S D, Yacoby A 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 2712 Google Scholar
[47]	Woo S, Song K M, Zhang X, Ezawa M, Zhou Y, Liu X, Weigand M, Finizio S, Raabe J, Park M, Lee K, Choi J W, Min B, Koo H C, Chang J 2018 Nat. Electron. 1 288 Google Scholar
[48]	White J S, Prša K, Huang P, Omrani A A, živković I, Bartkowiak M, Berger H, Magrez A, Gavilano J L, Nagy G, Zang J, Rønnow H M 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 107203 Google Scholar
[49]	Yu X Z, Tokunaga Y, Kaneko Y, Zhang W Z, Kimoto K, Matsui Y, Taguchi Y, Tokura Y 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 3198 Google Scholar
[50]	Chen G, Mascaraque A, Diaye A, Schmid A 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 242404 Google Scholar
[51]	Neubauer A, Pfleiderer C, Binz B, Rosch A, Ritz R, Niklowitz P G, Boeni P 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 186602 Google Scholar
[52]	Shao Q, Liu Y, Yu G, Kim S K, Che X, Tang C, He Q L, Tserkovnyak Y, Shi J, Wang K L 2019 Nat. Electron. 2 182 Google Scholar
[53]	Parkin S S P, Hayashi M, Thomas L 2008 Science 320 190 Google Scholar
[54]	Hirohata A, Yamada K, Nakatani Y, Prejbeanu I, Dieny B, Pirro P, Hillebrands B 2020 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 509 166711 Google Scholar
[55]	Zhang X C, Zhou Y, Ezawa M 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 10293 Google Scholar
[56]	Hou Z, Zhang Q, Xu G, Gong C, Ding B, Wang Y, Li H, Liu E, Xu F, Zhang H 2018 Nano Lett. 18 1274 Google Scholar
[57]	Müller J 2017 New J. Phys. 19 25002 Google Scholar
[58]	Leonov A O, Loudon J C, Bogdanov A N 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 172404 Google Scholar
[59]	夏静, 韩宗益, 宋怡凡, 江文婧, 林柳蓉, 张溪超, 刘小晰, 周艳 2018 物理学报 67 137505 Google Scholar Xia J, Han Z Y, Song Y F, Jiang W J, Lin L R, Zhang X C, Liu X X, Zhou Y 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 137505 Google Scholar
[60]	Okamura Y, Kagawa F, Mochizuki M, Kubota M, Seki S, Ishiwata S, Kawasaki M, Onose Y, Tokura Y 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2391 Google Scholar
[61]	Seki S, Mochizuki M 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 134403 Google Scholar
[62]	Finocchio G, Ricci M, Tomasello R, Giordano A, Lanuzza M, Puliafito V, Burrascano P, Azzerboni B, Carpentieri M 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 262401 Google Scholar
[63]	Fang B, Carpentieri M, Hao X, Jiang H, Katine J A, Krivorotov I N, Ocker B, Langer J, Wang K L, Zhang B, Azzerboni B, Amiri P K, Finocchio G, Zeng Z 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 11259 Google Scholar
[64]	Zhang S, Wang J, Zheng Q, Zhu Q, Liu X, Chen S, Jin C, Liu Q, Jia C, Xue D 2015 New J. Phys. 17 23061 Google Scholar
[65]	Zeng Z, Finocchio G, Jiang H 2013 Nanoscale 5 2219 Google Scholar
[66]	Zhou Y, Iacocca E, Awad A A, Dumas R K, Zhang F C, Braun H B, Akerman J 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8193 Google Scholar
[67]	Liu R H, Lim W L, Urazhdin S 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 137201 Google Scholar

Cited By

图 1 不同自旋结构的斯格明子示意图　(a) 奈尔型斯格明子; (b) 布洛赫型斯格明子; (c) 奈尔型斯格明子; (d)布洛赫型斯格明子; (e)−(h) 反斯格明子; (i)单位磁矩方位示意图

Figure 1. The spin structure diagram of different skyrmions: (a)Néel type skyrmion; (b) Bloch type skyrmion; (c) Néel type skyrmion; (d) Bloch type skyrmion; (e)−(h) anti-skyrmion; (i) the altitude and azimuth diagram of unit magnetic moment.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 (a)斯格明子在电流作用下的运动及电子在涌生磁场作用生成的洛伦兹力作用下的偏转^[1]; (b) 斯格明子振荡示意图^[1]

Figure 2. (a) Skyrmion move under the flow of electrons. Electrons are deflected by the Lorentz force due to the emergent magnetic field^[1]; (b) oscillation diagram of magnetic skyrmion^[1].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 (a)实空间中四方和三方斯格明子晶格示意图^[24]; (b) Co₉Zn₉Mn₂单晶的温度-磁场相图(T-H)^[24]

Figure 4. (a) Schematic figures of a triangular-lattice skyrmion crystal (SkX) and a square like-lattice SkX in real space^[24]; (b) temperature(T)- magnetic field(H) state diagram of bulk Co₉Zn₉Mn₂^[24].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 (a) Ta/CoFeB/TaO_x三层膜桥式结构中斯格明子的形成^[14]; (b) 在Pt/Co/MgO三层膜正方型结构中的斯格明子^[21]; (c)在Pt和Ir层中Co层中DM作用的的叠加^[18]; (d)在脉冲10 V电场下, 迷宫磁畴转化为斯格明子^[19]; (e) 通过磁光克尔显微镜在薄膜Ta/CoFeB/TaO_x直接观察到斯格明子霍尔效应^[17]; (f)斯格明子霍尔角与电流密度的函数关系^[17]

Figure 3. (a) Skyrmion bubbles realized at the exit of a constriction of Ta/CoFeB/TaO_x trilayer^[14]; (b) skyrmion realized in a square of Pt/Co/MgO trilayer^[21]; (c) additive DM for Co between Pt and Ir^[18];(d) with the electric field pulse, the labyrinth domain is transformed into the skyrmion^[19] (e) skyrmion Hall effect is clearly observed in successive Kerr microscopy images of a Ta/CoFeB/TaO_x trilayer^[17]; (f) phase diagram of the skyrmion Hall angle as a function of current density^[17].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 (a) 垂直赛道存储器示意图; (b) 水平赛道示意图; (c) 信息读出; (d) 信息写入; (e)赛道存储器的排列示意图^[53]

Figure 5. (a) Schematic diagram of vertical racetrack; (b) schematic diagram of horizontal racetrack; (c) reading of information; (d) writing of information; (e) schematic diagram of racetrack storage array^[53].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 (a) 微波探测器及其电路原理图; (b) 斯格明子螺旋示意图^[64]

Figure 6. (a) Microwave detector devices and circuit schematics; (b) skyrmion rotates around the nano-contact^[64].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 手性相互作用的类型^[1]

Table 1. Types of chiral interactions^[1].

作用机制	磁偶极相互作用	DM作用	阻挫交换作用	四自旋交换相互作用
斯格明子尺寸/nm	100—1000	5—100	~1	~1
典型材料	MnNiGa^[16]	MnSi^[10]	Fe₃Sn₂^[26]	Fe/Ir(111)^[11]

DownLoad: CSV

表 2 低温磁性斯格明子材料

Table 2. Magnetic skyrmions materials at low temperature

材料	材料种类	斯格明子种类	制备方法	斯格明子温度/K
MnSi^[10]	单晶	布洛赫	布里奇曼法	29
Fe_0.5Co_0.5Si^[35]	单晶	布洛赫	布里奇曼法	25
FeGe^[13]	单晶	布洛赫	布里奇曼法	60—260
FeGe^[33]	单晶	布洛赫	布里奇曼法	250—270
Fe_1–_xCo_xSi (x = 0.5)^[39]	单晶	布洛赫	布里奇曼法	10
Fe/Ir^[11]	金属超薄层	奈尔型	分子束外延法	11
PdFe/Ir(1 1 1)^[38]	金属超薄层	奈尔型	分子束外延法	4.2
Cu₂OSeO₃^[36]	单晶	布洛赫	布里奇曼法	60
FeGe_1–_xSi_x (x ~ 0.25)^[39]	单晶	布洛赫	布里奇曼法	95

DownLoad: CSV

表 3 室温斯格明子材料

Table 3. Magnetic skyrmions materials at room temperature.

	材料类型		典型材料	制备方法	斯格明子温度范围/K	斯格明子的尺寸/nm
薄膜材料	多层膜材料		Ta/CoFeB/TaOx^[17] (Ir/Co/Pt)₁₀^[18] Pt/Co/Ta, Pt/CoFeB/MgO^[19]	直流溅射	室温	1000 30—90 100
	反铁磁/铁磁材料薄膜		[Pt/Gd₂₅Fe_65.6Co_9.4/MgO]_n^[23]	直流溅射	室温	180
	人工斯格明子材料		Co/Ni/Cu(001)^[15] Co/[Co/Pd]_n, Co/Pd^[40]	直流溅射	室温	1000
单晶材料	手性对称材料		Co₈Zn₈Mn₄^[41] Co₈Zn₉Mn₃^[25] (β-Mn结构)	布里奇曼法	284—300 311—320	> 125
	中心对称材料	铁氧体	Ba(Fe_1–xSc_xMg_0.05)₁₂O₁₉^[42]	布里奇曼法	室温	200
	中心对称材料	金属间化合物	MnNiGa^[16]、	布里奇曼法	100—340	90
	阻挫型		Fe₃Sn₂^[26]	聚焦离子束技术(FIB)	100—340	300

DownLoad: CSV

表 4 室温薄膜材料中斯格明子在电流驱动下运动

Table 4. The motion of skyrmion in room temperature films driven by current.

材料	驱动电流/10⁷A·cm^–2	移动速度/m·s^–1	霍尔角/(°)	温度	磁场/mT
Ta/CoFeB/TaOx^[17]	0.62	0.75	32	室温	0.52
(Pt/Co/Ta)₁₅^[19]	3.50	50	19.4	室温	有
(Pt/CoFeB/MgO)₁₅^[19]	5.00	100	4.01	室温	有
[Pt/Gd₂₅Fe_65.6Co_9.4)/MgO]₂₀^[23]	3.55	50	20	室温	145.00
[Pt/CoFeB/MgO]₁₅^[29]	4.20	100	30	室温	30.00

DownLoad: CSV

表 5 斯格明子材料常见制备方式

Table 5. Common preparation method of skyrmion materials.

方式	材料类型	制备时间	优点
直流溅射	薄膜材料	3 h	成本低, 适合工业量产
分子束外延	薄膜材料	> 1 d	薄膜平整度高
布里奇曼法	单晶材料	1 m	制作大尺寸器件

DownLoad: CSV

表 6 室温斯格明子的表征技术一览表^[4]

Table 6. List of room temperature skyrmion characterization technologies^[4].

方式	分辨率 /nm	优点	适用场景
XMCD- PEEM	~25	平面内高自旋分辨率	外层磁性斯格明子
STXM	~25	可探测磁场及电场敏感材料实时监控	多层膜内部的斯格明子结构
SPLEEM	~10	平面高分辨率高的测试敏感度	原位沉积表面的斯格明子
X射线全息术	~10	无误差探测实时监控(~70 ps)	纳米尺寸的多层膜内部的斯格明子结构
MOKEM	1000	操作简单易行	尺寸大于1 μm 的斯格明子

DownLoad: CSV

[1]	Nagaosa N, Tokura Y 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 899 Google Scholar
[2]	Finocchio G, Büttner F, Tomasello R, Carpentieri M, Kläui M 2016 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 49 423001 Google Scholar
[3]	Moriya T 1960 Phys. Rev. 120 91 Google Scholar
[4]	Zhang X, Zhou Y, Song K, Park T, Xia J, Ezawa M, Liu X, Zhao W, Zhao G, Woo S 2020 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter. 32 143001 Google Scholar
[5]	栗佳 2017 物理 46 281 Google Scholar Li J 2017 Physics 46 281 Google Scholar
[6]	Skyrme T H R 1962 Nucl. Phys. 31 556 Google Scholar
[7]	Fert A, Cros V, Sampaio J 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 152 Google Scholar
[8]	Sondhi S L, Karlhede A, Kivelson S A, Rezayi E H 1993 Phys. Rev. B 47 16419 Google Scholar
[9]	Rössler U K, Bogdanov A N, Pfleiderer C 2006 Nature 442 797 Google Scholar
[10]	Mühlbauer S, Binz B, Jonietz F, Pfleiderer C, Rosch A, Neubauer A, Georgii R, Böni P 2009 Science 323 915 Google Scholar
[11]	Heinze S, von Bergmann K, Menzel M, Brede J, Kubetzka A, Wiesendanger R, Bihlmayer G, Blügel S 2011 Nat. Phys. 7 713 Google Scholar
[12]	Park H S, Yu X, Aizawa S, Tanigaki T, Akashi T, Takahashi Y, Matsuda T, Kanazawa N, Onose Y, Shindo D, Tonomura A, Tokura Y 2014 Nat. Nanotechnol. 9 337 Google Scholar
[13]	Yu X Z, Kanazawa N, Onose Y, Kimoto K, Zhang W Z, Ishiwata S, Matsui Y, Tokura Y 2011 Nat. Mater. 10 106 Google Scholar
[14]	Jiang W J, Upadhyaya P, Zhang W, Yu G, Jungfleisch M B, Fradin F Y, Pearson J E, Tserkovnyak Y, Wang K L, Heinonen O 2015 Science 349 283 Google Scholar
[15]	Li J, Tan A, Moon K W, Doran A, Marcus M A, Young A T, Arenholz E, Ma S, Yang R F, Hwang C, Qiu Z Q 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4704 Google Scholar
[16]	Wang W, Zhang Y, Xu G, Peng L, Ding B, Wang Y, Hou Z, Zhang X, Li X, Liu E 2016 Adv. Mater. 28 6887 Google Scholar
[17]	Jiang W, Zhang X, Yu G, Zhang W, Wang X, Jungfleisch M B, Pearson J E, Cheng X, Heinonen O, Wang K L 2016 Nat. Mater. 13 162 Google Scholar
[18]	Moreau-Luchaire C, Moutafis C, Reyren N, Sampaio J, Vaz C A F, van Horne N, Bouzehouane K, Garcia K, Deranlot C, Warnicke P, Wohlhüter P, George J M, Weigand M, Raabe J, Cros V, Fert A 2016 Nat. Nanotechnol. 11 444 Google Scholar
[19]	Woo S, Litzius K, Krüger B, Im M, Caretta L, Richter K, Mann M, Krone A, Reeve R M, Weigand M, Agrawal P, Lemesh I, Mawass M, Fischer P, Kläui M, Beach G S D 2016 Nat. Mater. 15 501 Google Scholar
[20]	Jiang W, Chen G, Liu K, Zang J, Te Velthuis S G E, Hoffmann A 2017 Phys. Rep. 704 1 Google Scholar
[21]	Boulle O, Vogel J, Yang H, Pizzini S, de Souza Chaves D, Locatelli A, Menteş T O, Sala A, Buda-Prejbeanu L D, Klein O, Belmeguenai M, Roussigné Y, Stashkevich A, Chérif S M, Aballe L, Foerster M, Chshiev M, Auffret S, Miron I M, Gaudin G 2016 Nat. Nanotechnol. 11 449 Google Scholar
[22]	Sun L, Cao R X, Miao B F, Feng Z, You B, Wu D, Zhang W, Hu A, Ding H F 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 167201 Google Scholar
[23]	Woo S, Song K M, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Ezawa M, Liu X, Finizio S, Raabe J, Lee N J, Kim S, Park S, Kim Y, Kim J, Lee D, Lee O, Choi J W, Min B, Koo H C, Chang J 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 959 Google Scholar
[24]	Karube K, White J S, Morikawa D, Bartkowiak M, Kikkawa A, Tokunaga Y, Arima T, Ronnow H M, Tokura Y, Taguchi Y 2017 Phys. Rev. Materials 1 74405 Google Scholar
[25]	Tokunaga Y, Yu X Z, White J S, Rønnow H M, Morikawa D, Taguchi Y, Tokura Y 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 7638 Google Scholar
[26]	侯志鹏, 丁贝, 李航, 徐桂舟, 王文洪, 吴光恒 2018 物理学报 67 137509 Google Scholar Hou Z, Ding B, Li H, Xu G, Wang W, Wu G H 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 137509 Google Scholar
[27]	Fert A, Reyren N, Cros V 2017 Nat. Rev. Mater. 2 17031 Google Scholar
[28]	Kanazawa N, Seki S, Tokura Y 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1603227 Google Scholar
[29]	Litzius K, Lemesh I, Krüger B, Bassirian P, Caretta L, Richter K, Büttner F, Sato K, Tre-tiakov O A, Förster J, Reeve R M, Weigand M, Bykova I, Stoll H, Schütz G, Beach G S D, Kläui M 2017 Nat. Phys. 13 170 Google Scholar
[30]	Liu Y, Luo Y, Qian Z, Zhu J 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 127503 Google Scholar
[31]	Seki S, Mochizuki M 2016 Skyrmions in Magnetic Materials (Switzerland: Springer International Publishing) p35
[32]	Jonietz F, Mühlbauer S, Pfleiderer C, Neubauer A, Münzer W, Bauer A, Adams T, Georgii R, Böni P, Duine R A, Everschor K, Garst M, Rosch A 2010 Science 330 1648 Google Scholar
[33]	Yu X Z, Kanazawa N, Zhang W Z, Nagai T, Hara T, Kimoto K, Matsui Y, Onose Y, Tokura Y 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 988 Google Scholar
[34]	Ao P, Thouless D J 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 2158 Google Scholar
[35]	Yu X Z, Onose Y, Kanazawa N, Park J H, Han J H, Matsui Y, Nagaosa N, Tokura Y 2010 Nature 465 901 Google Scholar
[36]	Seki S, Tokura Y 2012 Science 336 198 Google Scholar
[37]	Okamura Y, Kagawa F, Seki S, Tokura Y 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 12669 Google Scholar
[38]	Romming N, Hanneken C, Menzel M, Bickel J E, Wolter B, Bergmann K V, Kubetzka A, Wiesendanger R 2013 Science 341 636 Google Scholar
[39]	Milde P, Köhler D, Seidel J, Eng L M, Bauer A, Chacon A, Kindervater J, Mühlbauer S, Pfleiderer C, Buhrandt S 2013 Science 340 1076 Google Scholar
[40]	Gilbert D A, Maranville B B, Balk A L, Kirby B J, Fischer P, Pierce D T, Unguris J, Borchers J A, Liu K 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8462 Google Scholar
[41]	Karube K, White J S, Reynolds N, Gavilano J L, Oike H, Kikkawa A, Kagawa F, Tokunaga Y, Rønnow H M, Tokura Y, Taguchi Y 2016 Nat. Mater. 15 1237 Google Scholar
[42]	Yu X, Mostovoy M, Tokunaga Y, Zhang W, Kimoto K, Matsui Y, Kaneko Y, Nagaosa N, Tokura Y 2012 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109 8856 Google Scholar
[43]	Yu G, Upadhyaya P, Li X, Li W, Kim S K, Fan Y, Wong K L, Tserkovnyak Y, Amiri P K, Wang K L 2016 Nano Lett. 16 1981 Google Scholar
[44]	Cao A, Zhang X, Koopmans B, Peng S, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Yan S, Yang H, Zhao W 2018 Nanoscale 10 12062 Google Scholar
[45]	Soumyanarayanan A, Raju M, Oyarce A L G, Tan A K C, Im M, Petrovic A P, Ho P, Khoo K H, Tran M, Gan C K, Ernult F, Panagopoulos C 2017 Nat. Mater. 16 898 Google Scholar
[46]	Dovzhenko Y, Casola F, Schlotter S, Zhou T X, Büttner F, Walsworth R L, Beach G S D, Yacoby A 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 2712 Google Scholar
[47]	Woo S, Song K M, Zhang X, Ezawa M, Zhou Y, Liu X, Weigand M, Finizio S, Raabe J, Park M, Lee K, Choi J W, Min B, Koo H C, Chang J 2018 Nat. Electron. 1 288 Google Scholar
[48]	White J S, Prša K, Huang P, Omrani A A, živković I, Bartkowiak M, Berger H, Magrez A, Gavilano J L, Nagy G, Zang J, Rønnow H M 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 107203 Google Scholar
[49]	Yu X Z, Tokunaga Y, Kaneko Y, Zhang W Z, Kimoto K, Matsui Y, Taguchi Y, Tokura Y 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 3198 Google Scholar
[50]	Chen G, Mascaraque A, Diaye A, Schmid A 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 242404 Google Scholar
[51]	Neubauer A, Pfleiderer C, Binz B, Rosch A, Ritz R, Niklowitz P G, Boeni P 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 186602 Google Scholar
[52]	Shao Q, Liu Y, Yu G, Kim S K, Che X, Tang C, He Q L, Tserkovnyak Y, Shi J, Wang K L 2019 Nat. Electron. 2 182 Google Scholar
[53]	Parkin S S P, Hayashi M, Thomas L 2008 Science 320 190 Google Scholar
[54]	Hirohata A, Yamada K, Nakatani Y, Prejbeanu I, Dieny B, Pirro P, Hillebrands B 2020 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 509 166711 Google Scholar
[55]	Zhang X C, Zhou Y, Ezawa M 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 10293 Google Scholar
[56]	Hou Z, Zhang Q, Xu G, Gong C, Ding B, Wang Y, Li H, Liu E, Xu F, Zhang H 2018 Nano Lett. 18 1274 Google Scholar
[57]	Müller J 2017 New J. Phys. 19 25002 Google Scholar
[58]	Leonov A O, Loudon J C, Bogdanov A N 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 172404 Google Scholar
[59]	夏静, 韩宗益, 宋怡凡, 江文婧, 林柳蓉, 张溪超, 刘小晰, 周艳 2018 物理学报 67 137505 Google Scholar Xia J, Han Z Y, Song Y F, Jiang W J, Lin L R, Zhang X C, Liu X X, Zhou Y 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 137505 Google Scholar
[60]	Okamura Y, Kagawa F, Mochizuki M, Kubota M, Seki S, Ishiwata S, Kawasaki M, Onose Y, Tokura Y 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2391 Google Scholar
[61]	Seki S, Mochizuki M 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 134403 Google Scholar
[62]	Finocchio G, Ricci M, Tomasello R, Giordano A, Lanuzza M, Puliafito V, Burrascano P, Azzerboni B, Carpentieri M 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 262401 Google Scholar
[63]	Fang B, Carpentieri M, Hao X, Jiang H, Katine J A, Krivorotov I N, Ocker B, Langer J, Wang K L, Zhang B, Azzerboni B, Amiri P K, Finocchio G, Zeng Z 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 11259 Google Scholar
[64]	Zhang S, Wang J, Zheng Q, Zhu Q, Liu X, Chen S, Jin C, Liu Q, Jia C, Xue D 2015 New J. Phys. 17 23061 Google Scholar
[65]	Zeng Z, Finocchio G, Jiang H 2013 Nanoscale 5 2219 Google Scholar
[66]	Zhou Y, Iacocca E, Awad A A, Dumas R K, Zhang F C, Braun H B, Akerman J 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8193 Google Scholar
[67]	Liu R H, Lim W L, Urazhdin S 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 137201 Google Scholar

[1]	Shi Meng, Wang Wei-Wei, Du Hai-Feng. Exploring approximate analytical expression for magnetic skyrmion structure based on symbolic regression method. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(1): 011201. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20231473
[2]	Chen Jin-Long, Tao Ran, Li Chong, Zhang Jian-Lei, Fu Chen, Luo Jing-Ting. SnS₂/In₂O₃ based gas sensors and its high performance of detecting NO₂ at room temperature. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(10): 106801. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20231554
[3]	Dong Yi-Meng, Sun Yong-Jiao, Hou Yu-Chen, Wang Bing-Liang, Lu Zhi-Yuan, Zhang Wen-Dong, Hu Jie. Preparation and room-temperature NO₂sensitivity of SnO₂/ZnS heterojunctions gas sensor. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(16): 160701. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20230735
[4]	Zhang Jing-Yan, Dou Peng-Wei, Zhao Yun-Chi, Zhang Shi-Lei, Liu Jia-Qiang, Qi Jie, Lü Hao-Chang, Liu Ruo-Yang, Yu Guang-Hua, Jiang Yong, Shen Bao-Gen, Wang Shou-Guo. Multi-field manipulation in Hall balance. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(4): 048501. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20201799
[5]	Zhang Zhen-Zhen, Li Hua, Cao Jun-Cheng. Ultrafast terahertz detectors. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(9): 090702. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180226
[6]	Dong Bo-Wen, Zhang Jing-Yan, Peng Li-Cong, He Min, Zhang Ying, Zhao Yun-Chi, Wang Chao, Sun Yang, Cai Jian-Wang, Wang Wen-Hong, Wei Hong-Xiang, Shen Bao-Gen, Jiang Yong, Wang Shou-Guo. Multi-field control on magnetic skyrmions. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(13): 137507. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180931
[7]	Hu Yang-Fan, Wan Xue-Jin, Wang Biao. Magnetoelastic phenomena and mechanisms of magnetic skyrmion crystal. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(13): 136201. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180251
[8]	Liu Yi-Zhou, Zang Jiadong. Overview and outlook of magnetic skyrmions. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(13): 131201. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180619
[9]	Hou Zhi-Peng, Ding Bei, Li Hang, Xu Gui-Zhou, Wang Wen-Hong, Wu Guang-Heng. Observation of new-type magnetic skymrions with extremerely high temperature stability and fabrication of skyrmion-based race-track memory device. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(13): 137509. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180419
[10]	Liang Xue, Zhao Li, Qiu Lei, Li Shuang, Ding Li-Hong, Feng You-Hua, Zhang Xi-Chao, Zhou Yan, Zhao Guo-Ping. Skyrmions-based magnetic racetrack memory. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(13): 137510. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180764
[11]	Li Wen-Jing, Guang Yao, Yu Guo-Qiang, Wan Cai-Hua, Feng Jia-Feng, Han Xiu-Feng. Skyrmions in magnetic thin film heterostructures. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(13): 131204. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180549
[12]	Chen Hao, Peng Tong-Jiang, Liu Bo, Sun Hong-Juan, Lei De-Hui. Effect of reduction temperature on structure and hydrogen sensitivity of graphene oxides at room temperature. Acta Physica Sinica, 2017, 66(8): 080701. doi: 10.7498/aps.66.080701
[13]	Wang Jia-Yu, Dai Yue-Hua, Zhao Yuan-Yang, Xu Jian-Bin, Yang Fei, Dai Guang-Zhen, Yang Jin. Research on charge trapping memory’s over erase. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(20): 203101. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.203101
[14]	Wang Jia-Yu, Zhao Yuan-Yang, Xu Jian-Bin, Dai Yue-Hua. Effect of defect on the programming speed of charge trapping memories. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(5): 053101. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.053101
[15]	Sun Zhi-Bin, Ma Hai-Qiang, Lei Ming, Yang Han-Dong, Wu Ling-An, Zhai Guang-Jie, Feng Ji. A single-photon detector in the near-infrared range. Acta Physica Sinica, 2007, 56(10): 5790-5795. doi: 10.7498/aps.56.5790
[16]	Peng Zi-Long, Han Xiu-Feng, Zhao Su-Fen, Wei Hong-Xiang, Du Guan-Xiang, Zhan Wen-Shan. Perpendicular current-driven magnetization switching in free layer of magnetic tunneling junctions and MRAM. Acta Physica Sinica, 2006, 55(2): 860-864. doi: 10.7498/aps.55.860
[17]	Sun Jin-Peng, Wang Tai-Hong. Coulomb blockade three-valued single-electron memory. Acta Physica Sinica, 2003, 52(10): 2563-2568. doi: 10.7498/aps.52.2563
[18]	XU FENG, LIU LIAO. PARTICLE DETECTOR MODEL FOR INSTANT RESPONSE. Acta Physica Sinica, 1988, 37(8): 1267-1274. doi: 10.7498/aps.37.1267
[19]	CHEN JI-SHU. THEORY OF THIN PYROELECTRIC FILM DETECTORS. Acta Physica Sinica, 1974, 23(6): 51-58. doi: 10.7498/aps.23.51
[20]	. STAR-DETECTOR FOR π^--MESONS А.Ф.Дунайцев,Ю.Д. Прокошкин. Acta Physica Sinica, 1960, 16(8): 471-478. doi: 10.7498/aps.16.471

Catalog

Vol. 69, Issue 23 - 2020-12-05

Metrics

Abstract views: 15156
PDF Downloads: 780
Cited By: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Search

Article

留言板