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				With the development of power electronic device equipment towards miniaturization and high performance, the dielectric materials with high energy storage density, high charge and discharge efficiency, easy processing and molding, and stable performance are urgently needed. At present, Barium titanate-based dielectric ceramics have a high dielectric constant, but low breakdown field strength and poor flexibility. Polymer-based dielectric materials have ultra-high functional density, ultra-fast charge and discharge response time, good flexibility, high breakdown field strength, light weight and other advantages, but low dielectric constant and low polarization strength. Their energy storage density is low, which limits the power capacitor component size and application scope. In order to obtain material with high energy storage performance, it was proposed to add high dielectric constant inorganic ceramic fillers to the polymer through a composite method to improve the energy storage performance of the material. The interface plays a vital role in the performance of the composite material. In this article, we review the latest research advance in the interface design and control of barium titanate/polyvinylidene fluoride composite dielectric materials. The effects of interface modification methods such as organic surface modification, inorganic functionalization and organic-inorganic synergistic modification on the polarization and energy storage performance of composite materials are summarized. The existing interface models and theoretical research methods are discussed, and the existing challenges and practical limitations, and the future research directions are prospected.- 
										Keywords:
										
- barium titanate /
- composite /
- surface modification /
- energy storage density
 [1] Guo F, Shen X, Zhou J, Liu D, Zheng Q, Yang J, Jia B, Lau A K, Kim J K 2020 Adv. Funct. Mater. 30 1910826  Google Scholar Google Scholar[2] Zhu Y, Zhu Y, Huang X, Chen J, Li Q, He J, Jiang P 2019 Adv. Energy Mater. 9 1901826  Google Scholar Google Scholar[3] Zhang Y, Zhang C, Feng Y, Zhang T, Chen Q, Chi Q, Liu L, Li G, Cui Y, Wang X, Dang Z, Lei Q 2019 Nano Energy 56 138  Google Scholar Google Scholar[4] Huang X, Jiang P 2015 Adv. Mater. 27 546  Google Scholar Google Scholar[5] Luo H, Zhou X, Ellingford C, Zhang Y, Chen S, Zhou K, Zhang D, Bowen C R, Wan C 2019 Chem. Soc. Rev. 48 4424  Google Scholar Google Scholar[6] Liu J, Li M, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Lu J, Zhang Z 2019 J. Mater. Chem. A 7 19407  Google Scholar Google Scholar[7] Dun C, Kuang W, Kempf N, Saeidi-Javash M, Singh D J, Zhang Y 2019 Adv. Sci. 6 1901788  Google Scholar Google Scholar[8] Chen J, Huang X, Sun B, Jiang P 2019 ACS Nano 13 337  Google Scholar Google Scholar[9] Bi J, Gu Y, Zhang Z, Wang S, Li M, Zhang Z 2016 Mater. Design 89 933  Google Scholar Google Scholar[10] Dang Z M, Yuan J K, Yao S H, Liao R J 2013 Adv. Mater. 25 6334  Google Scholar Google Scholar[11] Chu B J, Zhou X, Ren K L, Neese B, Lin M R, Wang Q, Bauer F, Zhang Q M 2006 Science 313 334  Google Scholar Google Scholar[12] Lewis T J 2005 J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 38 202  Google Scholar Google Scholar[13] Dang Z M, Yu Y F, Xu H P, Bai J 2008 Compos. Sci. Technol. 68 171  Google Scholar Google Scholar[14] Fan B H, Zha J W, Wang D R, Zhao J, Zhang Z F, Dang Z M 2013 Compos. Sci. Technol. 80 66  Google Scholar Google Scholar[15] Zhou Z, Lin Y R, Tang H X, Sodano H A 2013 Nanotechnology 24 095602  Google Scholar Google Scholar[16] Tang H X, Lin Y R, Andrews C, Sodano H A 2011 Nanotechnology 22 015702  Google Scholar Google Scholar[17] Hu P H, Shen Y, Guan Y H, Zhang X H, Lin Y H, Zhang Q M, Nan C W 2014 Adv. Funct. Mater. 24 3172  Google Scholar Google Scholar[18] Guo N, DiBenedetto S A, Tewari P, Lanagan M T, Ratner M A, Marks T J 2010 Chem. Mater. 22 1567  Google Scholar Google Scholar[19] Dang Z M, Wang H Y, Zhang Y H, Qi J Q 2005 Macromol. Rapid Commun. 26 1185  Google Scholar Google Scholar[20] Zhang Y, Wang Y, Deng Y, Guo Y J T, Bi W C, Li M, Luo Y, Bai J B 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 192904  Google Scholar Google Scholar[21] Tang H X, Zhou Z, Sodano H A 2014 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6 5450  Google Scholar Google Scholar[22] Wang Z P, Nelson J K, Miao J J, Linhardt R J, Schadler L S, Hillborg H, Zhao S 2012 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 19 960  Google Scholar Google Scholar[23] Wang Z P, Nelson J K, Hillborg H, Zhao S, Schadler L S 2013 Compos. Sci. Technol. 76 29  Google Scholar Google Scholar[24] Song Y, Shen Y, Liu H Y, Lin Y H, Li M, Nan C W 2012 J. Mater. Chem. 22 8063  Google Scholar Google Scholar[25] Song Y, Shen Y, Hu P H, Lin Y H, Li M, Nan C W 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 152904  Google Scholar Google Scholar[26] Hu P H, Song Y, Liu H Y, Shen Y, Lin Y H, Nan C W 2013 J. Mater. Chem. A 1 1688  Google Scholar Google Scholar[27] Tang H X, Lin Y R, Sodano H A 2012 Adv. Energy Mater. 2 469  Google Scholar Google Scholar[28] Xie B, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Zang J, Yang C, Wang Q, Li M Y, Jiang S 2017 J. Mater. Chem. A 5 6070  Google Scholar Google Scholar[29] Tanaka T, Kozako M, Fuse N, Ohki Y 2005 IEEE. Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 12 669  Google Scholar Google Scholar[30] Xie L Y, Huang X Y, Wu C, Jiang P K 2011 J. Mater. Chem. 21 5897  Google Scholar Google Scholar[31] Wu C, Huang X Y, Wu X F, Xie L Y, Yang K, Jiang P K 2013 Nanoscale 5 3847  Google Scholar Google Scholar[32] Wu C, Huang X Y, Wang G L, Lv L B, Chen G, Li G Y, Jiang P K 2013 Adv. Funct. Mater. 23 506  Google Scholar Google Scholar[33] Huang X Y, Zhi C Y, Jiang P K, Golberg D, Bando Y, Tanaka T 2013 Adv. Funct. Mater. 23 1824  Google Scholar Google Scholar[34] Huang X Y, Zhi C Y, Jiang P K, Golberg D, Bando Y, Tanaka T 2012 Nanotechnology 23 455705  Google Scholar Google Scholar[35] Liu S, Shen B, Hao H, Zhai J 2019 J. Mater. Chem. C 7 15118  Google Scholar Google Scholar[36] Chen J, Wang Y, Yuan Q, Xu X, Niu Y, Wang Q, Wang H 2018 Nano Energy 54 288  Google Scholar Google Scholar[37] Yao Z, Song Z, Hao H, Yu Z, Cao M, Zhang S, Lanagan M T, Liu H 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1601727  Google Scholar Google Scholar[38] Dang Z M, Wang H Y, Xu H P 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 112902  Google Scholar Google Scholar[39] Xia W M, Xu Z, Wen F, Zhang Z C 2012 Ceram. Int. 38 1071  Google Scholar Google Scholar[40] Zhou T, Zha J W, Cui R Y, Fan B H, Yuan J K, Dang Z M 2011 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 3 2184  Google Scholar Google Scholar[41] Dou X L, Liu X L, Zhang Y, Feng H, Chen J F, Du S 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 132904  Google Scholar Google Scholar[42] Kim P, Jones S C, Hotchkiss P J, Haddock J N, Kippelen B, Marder S R, Perry J W 2007 Adv. Mater. 19 1001  Google Scholar Google Scholar[43] Yu K, Niu Y J, Zhou Y C, Bai Y Y, Wang H 2013 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 96 2519  Google Scholar Google Scholar[44] Siddabattuni S, Schuman T P, Dogan F 2011 Mater. Sci. Eng. B 176 1422  Google Scholar Google Scholar[45] Wang S, Huang X, Wang G, Wang Y, He J, Jiang P 2015 J. Phys. Chem. C 119 25307  Google Scholar Google Scholar[46] Liu S H, Xue S X, Zhang W Q, Zhai J W, Chen G H 2014 J. Mater. Chem. A 2 18040  Google Scholar Google Scholar[47] Liu S H, Zhai J W, Wang J W, Xue S X, Zhang W Q 2014 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6 1533  Google Scholar Google Scholar[48] Wang D R, Bao Y R, Zha J W, Zhao J, Dang Z M, Hu G H 2012 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 4 6273  Google Scholar Google Scholar[49] Wang D R, Zhou T, Zha J W, Zhao J, Shi C Y, Dang Z M 2013 J. Mater. Chem. A 1 6162  Google Scholar Google Scholar[50] Xie L Y, Huang X Y, Yang K, Li S T, Jiang P K 2014 J. Mater. Chem. A 2 5244  Google Scholar Google Scholar[51] Zhu M, Huang X Y, Yang K, Zhai X, Zhang J, He J L, Jiang P K 2014 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6 19644  Google Scholar Google Scholar[52] Yang K, Huang X Y, Huang Y H, Xie L Y, Jiang P K 2013 Chem. Mater. 25 2327  Google Scholar Google Scholar[53] Jung H M, Kang J H, Yang S Y, Won J C, Kim Y S 2010 Chem. Mater. 22 450  Google Scholar Google Scholar[54] Pan Z B, Yao L M, Zhai J W, Yao X, Chen H 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1705662  Google Scholar Google Scholar[55] Dang Z M, Zhou T, Yao S H, Yuan J K, Zha J W, Song H T, Li J Y, Chen Q, Yang W T, Bai J 2009 Adv. Mater. 21 2077  Google Scholar Google Scholar[56] Luo B C, Wang X H, Wang Y P, Li L T 2014 J. Mater. Chem. A 2 510  Google Scholar Google Scholar[57] Luo H, Ma C, Zhou X, Chen S, Zhang D 2017 Macromolecules 50 5132  Google Scholar Google Scholar[58] Xu P, Zhang X Y 2011 Eur. Polym. J. 47 1031  Google Scholar Google Scholar[59] Sencadas V, Lanceros-Mendez S, Serra R S I, Balado A A, Ribelles J L G 2012 Eur. Phys. J. E 35 1  Google Scholar Google Scholar[60] Li Q, Yao F-Z, Liu Y, Zhang G, Wang H, Wang Q 2018 Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 48 219  Google Scholar Google Scholar[61] Li Q, Han K, Gadinski M R, Zhang G, Wang Q 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 6244  Google Scholar Google Scholar[62] Li Q, Chen L, Gadinski M R, Zhang S, Zhang G, Li H, Haque A, Chen L Q, Jackson T, Wang Q 2015 Nature 523 576  Google Scholar Google Scholar[63] Liu S, Wang J, Wang J, Shen B, Zhai J, Guo C, Zhou J 2017 Mater. Lett. 189 176  Google Scholar Google Scholar[64] Liu S, Wang J, Shen B, Zhai J, Hao H, Zhao L 2017 J. Alloys Compd. 696 136  Google Scholar Google Scholar[65] Liu S, Xue S, Shen B, Zhai J 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 032907  Google Scholar Google Scholar[66] Huang J J, Zhang Y, Ma T, Li H T, Zhang L W 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 042902  Google Scholar Google Scholar[67] Zhang Y, Huang J J, Ma T, Wang X R, Deng C S, Dai X M 2011 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 94 1805  Google Scholar Google Scholar[68] Luo S, Yu J, Yu S, Sun R, Cao L, Liao W H, Wong C P 2019 Adv. Energy Mater. 9 1803204  Google Scholar Google Scholar[69] Bi K, Bi M, Hao Y, Luo W, Cai Z, Wang X, Huang Y 2018 Nano Energy 51 513  Google Scholar Google Scholar[70] Zhou Y, Li Q, Dang B, Yang Y, Shao T, Li H, Hu J, Zeng R, He J, Wang Q 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1805672  Google Scholar Google Scholar[71] Zhang X, Shen Y, Xu B, Zhang Q, Gu L, Jiang J, Ma J, Lin Y, Nan C W 2016 Adv. Mater. 28 2055  Google Scholar Google Scholar
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    表 1 不同聚合物介电性能、储能性能的比较 Table 1. Comparison of dielectric properties and energy storage properties of different polymers. 薄膜材料 1 kHz介电常数 最高使用温度/℃ 击穿电压/kV·m–1 损耗/% 储能密度/J·cm–3 聚丙烯 (PP) 2.2 105 6400 < 0.02 1—1.2 聚酯 (PET) 3.3 125 5700 < 0.50 1—1.5 聚碳酸酯 (PC) 2.8 125 5280 < 0.15 0.5—1 聚乙烯 (PEN) 3.2 125 5500 < 0.15 1—1.5 聚苯硫醚 (PPS) 3.0 200 5500 < 0.03 1—1.5 聚偏氟乙烯 (PVDF) 12 125 5900 < 1.80 2.4 表 2 提高复合材料介电常数的方法及理论 Table 2. Methods and theories of improving dielectric constant of composite materials. 理论名称 渗流理论 Lichtenecher模型 Bruggeman模型 Maxwell-Garnett模型 公式 $\begin{array}{l} {\sigma _{\rm{c}}} \propto {(f - {f_{\rm{c}}})^t} \\ {\sigma _{\rm{c}}} \propto {({f_{\rm{c}}} - f)^{ - q}} \\ \end{array} $ $\varepsilon _{_{{\rm{eff}}}}^{^n} = {f_1}\varepsilon _1^n + {f_2}\varepsilon _2^n$ $f\dfrac{ { {\varepsilon _1} \!-\! {\varepsilon _{ {\rm{eff} } } } } }{ {2{\varepsilon _{ {\rm{eff} } } } \!+\! 2{\varepsilon _1} } } \!+\! (1 \!-\! f)\dfrac{ { {\varepsilon _2} \!-\! {\varepsilon _{ {\rm{eff} } } } } }{ { {\varepsilon _{ {\rm{eff} } } } \!+\! 2{\varepsilon _2} } } \!=\! 0$ $\dfrac{ { {\varepsilon _{ {\rm{eff} } } } - {\varepsilon _1} } }{ { {\varepsilon _{ {\rm{eff} } } } + 2{\varepsilon _1} } } = f\dfrac{ { {\varepsilon _1} - {\varepsilon _2} } }{ { {\varepsilon _1} + 2{\varepsilon _2} } }$ 字母的 
 含义${f_{\rm{c}}}$表示渗流阈值, 
 ${\sigma _{\rm{c}}}$为电导率, t和q分
 别为临界参数${\varepsilon _{{\rm{eff}}}}$为复合材料的介电常数, 
 ${\varepsilon _1}$为基相的介电常数,
 ${\varepsilon _2}$为分散相的介电常数,
 ${f_2}$为填料的体积分数,
 n = 1, –1, 0${\varepsilon _{{\rm{eff}}}}$为复合材料的介电常数, 
 ${\varepsilon _1}$, ${\varepsilon _2}$分别为填料和基体的介
 电常数, $f$为填料的体积分数${\varepsilon _{{\rm{eff}}}}$为复合材料的介电常数, 
 ${\varepsilon _1}$, ${\varepsilon _2}$分别为填料和基体的介
 电常数, $f$为填料的体积分数适用条件 将体系的微观结构与 
 宏观性能联系起来可以判断两材料复合并 
 联或者串联模型可以成功解释复合材料由 
 绝缘体向导体的转变可以模拟两种绝缘体构成 
 的复合材料的介电常数不足之处 影响渗流值的因素众多, 
 如填料的尺寸、形貌等填料含量较高时, 利用此模型 
 与测量值有明显的差距.仅当填料浓度小于渗 
 流阈值时公式才成立没有考虑到填料相的电阻率, 
 预测的介电常数值比实际值大
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[1] Guo F, Shen X, Zhou J, Liu D, Zheng Q, Yang J, Jia B, Lau A K, Kim J K 2020 Adv. Funct. Mater. 30 1910826  Google Scholar Google Scholar[2] Zhu Y, Zhu Y, Huang X, Chen J, Li Q, He J, Jiang P 2019 Adv. Energy Mater. 9 1901826  Google Scholar Google Scholar[3] Zhang Y, Zhang C, Feng Y, Zhang T, Chen Q, Chi Q, Liu L, Li G, Cui Y, Wang X, Dang Z, Lei Q 2019 Nano Energy 56 138  Google Scholar Google Scholar[4] Huang X, Jiang P 2015 Adv. Mater. 27 546  Google Scholar Google Scholar[5] Luo H, Zhou X, Ellingford C, Zhang Y, Chen S, Zhou K, Zhang D, Bowen C R, Wan C 2019 Chem. Soc. Rev. 48 4424  Google Scholar Google Scholar[6] Liu J, Li M, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Lu J, Zhang Z 2019 J. Mater. Chem. A 7 19407  Google Scholar Google Scholar[7] Dun C, Kuang W, Kempf N, Saeidi-Javash M, Singh D J, Zhang Y 2019 Adv. Sci. 6 1901788  Google Scholar Google Scholar[8] Chen J, Huang X, Sun B, Jiang P 2019 ACS Nano 13 337  Google Scholar Google Scholar[9] Bi J, Gu Y, Zhang Z, Wang S, Li M, Zhang Z 2016 Mater. Design 89 933  Google Scholar Google Scholar[10] Dang Z M, Yuan J K, Yao S H, Liao R J 2013 Adv. Mater. 25 6334  Google Scholar Google Scholar[11] Chu B J, Zhou X, Ren K L, Neese B, Lin M R, Wang Q, Bauer F, Zhang Q M 2006 Science 313 334  Google Scholar Google Scholar[12] Lewis T J 2005 J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 38 202  Google Scholar Google Scholar[13] Dang Z M, Yu Y F, Xu H P, Bai J 2008 Compos. Sci. Technol. 68 171  Google Scholar Google Scholar[14] Fan B H, Zha J W, Wang D R, Zhao J, Zhang Z F, Dang Z M 2013 Compos. Sci. Technol. 80 66  Google Scholar Google Scholar[15] Zhou Z, Lin Y R, Tang H X, Sodano H A 2013 Nanotechnology 24 095602  Google Scholar Google Scholar[16] Tang H X, Lin Y R, Andrews C, Sodano H A 2011 Nanotechnology 22 015702  Google Scholar Google Scholar[17] Hu P H, Shen Y, Guan Y H, Zhang X H, Lin Y H, Zhang Q M, Nan C W 2014 Adv. Funct. Mater. 24 3172  Google Scholar Google Scholar[18] Guo N, DiBenedetto S A, Tewari P, Lanagan M T, Ratner M A, Marks T J 2010 Chem. Mater. 22 1567  Google Scholar Google Scholar[19] Dang Z M, Wang H Y, Zhang Y H, Qi J Q 2005 Macromol. Rapid Commun. 26 1185  Google Scholar Google Scholar[20] Zhang Y, Wang Y, Deng Y, Guo Y J T, Bi W C, Li M, Luo Y, Bai J B 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 192904  Google Scholar Google Scholar[21] Tang H X, Zhou Z, Sodano H A 2014 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6 5450  Google Scholar Google Scholar[22] Wang Z P, Nelson J K, Miao J J, Linhardt R J, Schadler L S, Hillborg H, Zhao S 2012 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 19 960  Google Scholar Google Scholar[23] Wang Z P, Nelson J K, Hillborg H, Zhao S, Schadler L S 2013 Compos. Sci. Technol. 76 29  Google Scholar Google Scholar[24] Song Y, Shen Y, Liu H Y, Lin Y H, Li M, Nan C W 2012 J. Mater. Chem. 22 8063  Google Scholar Google Scholar[25] Song Y, Shen Y, Hu P H, Lin Y H, Li M, Nan C W 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 152904  Google Scholar Google Scholar[26] Hu P H, Song Y, Liu H Y, Shen Y, Lin Y H, Nan C W 2013 J. Mater. Chem. A 1 1688  Google Scholar Google Scholar[27] Tang H X, Lin Y R, Sodano H A 2012 Adv. Energy Mater. 2 469  Google Scholar Google Scholar[28] Xie B, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Zang J, Yang C, Wang Q, Li M Y, Jiang S 2017 J. Mater. Chem. A 5 6070  Google Scholar Google Scholar[29] Tanaka T, Kozako M, Fuse N, Ohki Y 2005 IEEE. Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 12 669  Google Scholar Google Scholar[30] Xie L Y, Huang X Y, Wu C, Jiang P K 2011 J. Mater. Chem. 21 5897  Google Scholar Google Scholar[31] Wu C, Huang X Y, Wu X F, Xie L Y, Yang K, Jiang P K 2013 Nanoscale 5 3847  Google Scholar Google Scholar[32] Wu C, Huang X Y, Wang G L, Lv L B, Chen G, Li G Y, Jiang P K 2013 Adv. Funct. Mater. 23 506  Google Scholar Google Scholar[33] Huang X Y, Zhi C Y, Jiang P K, Golberg D, Bando Y, Tanaka T 2013 Adv. Funct. Mater. 23 1824  Google Scholar Google Scholar[34] Huang X Y, Zhi C Y, Jiang P K, Golberg D, Bando Y, Tanaka T 2012 Nanotechnology 23 455705  Google Scholar Google Scholar[35] Liu S, Shen B, Hao H, Zhai J 2019 J. Mater. Chem. C 7 15118  Google Scholar Google Scholar[36] Chen J, Wang Y, Yuan Q, Xu X, Niu Y, Wang Q, Wang H 2018 Nano Energy 54 288  Google Scholar Google Scholar[37] Yao Z, Song Z, Hao H, Yu Z, Cao M, Zhang S, Lanagan M T, Liu H 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1601727  Google Scholar Google Scholar[38] Dang Z M, Wang H Y, Xu H P 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 112902  Google Scholar Google Scholar[39] Xia W M, Xu Z, Wen F, Zhang Z C 2012 Ceram. Int. 38 1071  Google Scholar Google Scholar[40] Zhou T, Zha J W, Cui R Y, Fan B H, Yuan J K, Dang Z M 2011 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 3 2184  Google Scholar Google Scholar[41] Dou X L, Liu X L, Zhang Y, Feng H, Chen J F, Du S 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 132904  Google Scholar Google Scholar[42] Kim P, Jones S C, Hotchkiss P J, Haddock J N, Kippelen B, Marder S R, Perry J W 2007 Adv. Mater. 19 1001  Google Scholar Google Scholar[43] Yu K, Niu Y J, Zhou Y C, Bai Y Y, Wang H 2013 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 96 2519  Google Scholar Google Scholar[44] Siddabattuni S, Schuman T P, Dogan F 2011 Mater. Sci. Eng. B 176 1422  Google Scholar Google Scholar[45] Wang S, Huang X, Wang G, Wang Y, He J, Jiang P 2015 J. Phys. Chem. C 119 25307  Google Scholar Google Scholar[46] Liu S H, Xue S X, Zhang W Q, Zhai J W, Chen G H 2014 J. Mater. Chem. A 2 18040  Google Scholar Google Scholar[47] Liu S H, Zhai J W, Wang J W, Xue S X, Zhang W Q 2014 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6 1533  Google Scholar Google Scholar[48] Wang D R, Bao Y R, Zha J W, Zhao J, Dang Z M, Hu G H 2012 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 4 6273  Google Scholar Google Scholar[49] Wang D R, Zhou T, Zha J W, Zhao J, Shi C Y, Dang Z M 2013 J. Mater. Chem. A 1 6162  Google Scholar Google Scholar[50] Xie L Y, Huang X Y, Yang K, Li S T, Jiang P K 2014 J. Mater. Chem. A 2 5244  Google Scholar Google Scholar[51] Zhu M, Huang X Y, Yang K, Zhai X, Zhang J, He J L, Jiang P K 2014 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6 19644  Google Scholar Google Scholar[52] Yang K, Huang X Y, Huang Y H, Xie L Y, Jiang P K 2013 Chem. Mater. 25 2327  Google Scholar Google Scholar[53] Jung H M, Kang J H, Yang S Y, Won J C, Kim Y S 2010 Chem. Mater. 22 450  Google Scholar Google Scholar[54] Pan Z B, Yao L M, Zhai J W, Yao X, Chen H 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1705662  Google Scholar Google Scholar[55] Dang Z M, Zhou T, Yao S H, Yuan J K, Zha J W, Song H T, Li J Y, Chen Q, Yang W T, Bai J 2009 Adv. Mater. 21 2077  Google Scholar Google Scholar[56] Luo B C, Wang X H, Wang Y P, Li L T 2014 J. Mater. Chem. A 2 510  Google Scholar Google Scholar[57] Luo H, Ma C, Zhou X, Chen S, Zhang D 2017 Macromolecules 50 5132  Google Scholar Google Scholar[58] Xu P, Zhang X Y 2011 Eur. Polym. J. 47 1031  Google Scholar Google Scholar[59] Sencadas V, Lanceros-Mendez S, Serra R S I, Balado A A, Ribelles J L G 2012 Eur. Phys. J. E 35 1  Google Scholar Google Scholar[60] Li Q, Yao F-Z, Liu Y, Zhang G, Wang H, Wang Q 2018 Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 48 219  Google Scholar Google Scholar[61] Li Q, Han K, Gadinski M R, Zhang G, Wang Q 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 6244  Google Scholar Google Scholar[62] Li Q, Chen L, Gadinski M R, Zhang S, Zhang G, Li H, Haque A, Chen L Q, Jackson T, Wang Q 2015 Nature 523 576  Google Scholar Google Scholar[63] Liu S, Wang J, Wang J, Shen B, Zhai J, Guo C, Zhou J 2017 Mater. Lett. 189 176  Google Scholar Google Scholar[64] Liu S, Wang J, Shen B, Zhai J, Hao H, Zhao L 2017 J. Alloys Compd. 696 136  Google Scholar Google Scholar[65] Liu S, Xue S, Shen B, Zhai J 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 032907  Google Scholar Google Scholar[66] Huang J J, Zhang Y, Ma T, Li H T, Zhang L W 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 042902  Google Scholar Google Scholar[67] Zhang Y, Huang J J, Ma T, Wang X R, Deng C S, Dai X M 2011 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 94 1805  Google Scholar Google Scholar[68] Luo S, Yu J, Yu S, Sun R, Cao L, Liao W H, Wong C P 2019 Adv. Energy Mater. 9 1803204  Google Scholar Google Scholar[69] Bi K, Bi M, Hao Y, Luo W, Cai Z, Wang X, Huang Y 2018 Nano Energy 51 513  Google Scholar Google Scholar[70] Zhou Y, Li Q, Dang B, Yang Y, Shao T, Li H, Hu J, Zeng R, He J, Wang Q 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1805672  Google Scholar Google Scholar[71] Zhang X, Shen Y, Xu B, Zhang Q, Gu L, Jiang J, Ma J, Lin Y, Nan C W 2016 Adv. Mater. 28 2055  Google Scholar Google Scholar
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