Analysis of vibration correction performance of vibration sensor for absolute gravity measurement

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20211686

Abstract
Absolute gravity measurement refers to measurement of the absolute value of gravitational acceleration (g, approximately 9.8 m/s2). The precision of absolute gravity measurement is mainly limited by vibration noises. Vibration correction is a simple and feasible way to deal with vibration noises, which corrects the measurement results by detecting vibration noises with a sensor. At present, vibration correction performance of different sensors lacks systematic analysis and evaluation. In this paper, theoretical analysis is carried out on how the sensor characteristics affect the correction performance. The vibration correction performances of three sensors, two different seismometers and one accelerometer, are evaluated by experiments under three cases with different vibration noises. The experimental results show that the correction precision obtained by using low-noise seismometer is mainly limited by its bandwidth and range. In case I with quiet environment, the standard deviation of corrected results obtained by using both seismometers can reach tens of μGal (1 μGal = 10?8 m/s2), which is close to that obtained by using an ultra-low-frequency vibration isolator. However, in case II with noisy environment, the standard deviation of corrected results obtained by both seismometers increase to hundreds of μGal due to the enhancement of high-frequency vibration components. This means the correction performance of both seismometers deteriorate, and the performance of seismometer with narrower bandwidth deteriorates more. Moreover, two seismometers cannot even work in case III with stronger vibration noises due to the range limitation. On the other hand, the correction precision obtained by using accelerometer is mainly affected by its resolution which is on the order of mGal (1mGal = 10?5 m/s2). Its bandwidth can reach hundreds of or even thousands of hertz and its range is generally over ±2 g, which are large enough to meet the needs for noisy and dynamic applications. In case I with quiet environment, the standard deviation after correction with accelerometer is larger than that before correction. This is because the intensity of vibration noises in this case is close to or even smaller than the self-noise of accelerometer so that it could not be detected effectively by accelerometer. In case II with noisy environment, the resolution of accelerometer is sufficient to detect the vibration noises effectively. The standard deviation of the results is reduced from 2822 μGal to 1374 μGal after correction with accelerometer, equal to a precision of 0.1 mGal after 100 drops. In case III where the amplitude of vibration noise is up to 0.1 m/s2 and seismometer cannot work, accelerometer could still achieve a precision of 0.3 mGal after 100 drops. The systematic deviation is corrected from ?1158 mGal to ?285 μGal and the standard deviation is reduced from 34 mGal to 3.3 mGal. Therefore, the low-noise seismometer is more suitable for vibration correction in a quiet environment with stable foundation, which could realize a standard deviation superior to hundreds of μGal. While the accelerometer is more appropriate for vibration correction in a complex or dynamic environment, which could achieve a standard deviation of mGal-level. Finally, according to the results and analysis, a theoretical guidance for the selection and design of sensors in vibration correction applications is provided.

Keywords:
Absolute gravity measurement /

Vibration correction /

Vibration sensor
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