Effects of adding B element on amorphous forming ability, magnetic properties, and mechanical properties of FePBCCu alloy

Sun Ji; Shen Peng-Fei; Shang Qi-Zhong; Zhang Peng-Yan; Liu Li; Li Ming-Rui; Hou Long; Li Wei-Huo

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20221553

Abstract

Fe-based amorphous alloys are widely used in power electronics fields such as transformers and reactors due to their low coercivity, high permeability and low loss. However, the relatively low saturation magnetization (B_s) limits their further applications. Generally speaking, the adjustable magnetic Fe content as an effective strategy can ameliorate the magnetic properties, and the higher the Fe content, the higher the obtained B_s is, but the decrease of the corresponding non-magnetic element content will result in the drop of the ability of alloys to form amorphous phase, leading to the deterioration of the magnetic softness and bending ductility of nanocrystalline alloys. To address this critical issue, in this work, based on the metal-metalloid hybridization, the FePBCCu amorphous ribbons, each with a thickness of ~25 μm, are prepared by the single-roller melt spinning method via 7% (atomic percent) B substitution for P, and the effects of B element addition on the ability to form amorphous phase, magnetic properties and mechanical properties of ribbons are investigated. Thermodynamic behavior shows that the addition of small quantities of B element can reduce the structural heterogeneity of alloy and the crystallization driving force as well, thus effectively improving the thermal stability of the amorphous matrix. The melting and solidification curves show that the addition of B can promote alloy to approach to the eutectic composition, and there is a large degree of undercooling. As a result, the critical thickness of ribbons increases from ~21 μm for B-free alloy to ~30 μm for B-added alloy due to the micro-alloying effect. The addition of B increases the effective magnetic moment of magnetic atoms in alloy, resulting in the increase of the saturation magnetization. Furthermore, the results of nanoindentation tests show that the modulus value of the B-added alloy decreases greatlyr and fluctuates in a smaller range than that of the B-free alloy, which is closely associated with the structural uniformity of the alloy.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243002, China
2.
School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243002, China

Corresponding author: Liu Li, 18855579760@163.com ; Hou Long, longhou@ahut.edu.cn ;

Funds: Project supported by the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant No. 2208085QE121), the University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province, China (Grant Nos. KJ2020A0225, KJ2020A0272), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. BK20201282), and the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials, China (Grant No. GFST2020KF05).

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References

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图 1 纳米压痕实验中的压痕分布示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of indentation distribution in nanoindentation tests.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 淬态Fe_78.8P_14–xB_xC₆Cu_1.2非晶薄带的自由面形貌及局部区域对应的元素分布

Figure 2. Surface morphologies of free-side of as-quenched Fe_78.8P_14–xB_xC₆Cu_1.2 amorphous ribbons and the elemental distribution of local region.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 淬态Fe_78.8P_14–xB_xC₆Cu_1.2非晶薄带的自由面XRD图谱

Figure 3. XRD patterns of free-side of as-quenched Fe_78.8P_14–xB_xC₆Cu_1.2 amorphous ribbons

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 淬态Fe_78.8P_14–xB_xC₆Cu_1.2非晶薄带的明场TEM图像　(a) x = 0; (b) (a)的局部放大图; (c) x = 7; (d) (c)的局部放大图. 插图分别为对应合金的SAED花样

Figure 4. Bright-field TEM images of as-quenched Fe_78.8P_14–xB_xC₆Cu_1.2 amorphous ribbons: (a) x = 0, (b) locally enlarged image in (a); (c) x = 7; (d) locally enlarged image in (c). The insets correspond to the SAED patterns, respectively.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 淬态/退火态Fe_78.8P_14–xB_xC₆Cu_1.2非晶薄带的DSC曲线, 插图为未添加B合金结构弛豫前后的局部放大图

Figure 5. DSC curves of as-quenched/annealed Fe_78.8P_14–xB_xC₆Cu_1.2 amorphous ribbons. The inset is the locally enlarged curves of B-free alloy before and after relaxation.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 淬态Fe_78.8P₁₄C₆Cu_1.2非晶薄带的高角环形暗场(HAADF-STEM)图及对应Fe, Cu和P的元素分布图

Figure 6. HAADF image of as-quenched Fe_78.8P₁₄C₆Cu_1.2 amorphous ribbons, and the elemental mappings of Fe, Cu and P elements, respectively.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 淬态Fe_78.8P₇B₇C₆Cu_1.2非晶薄带的高角环形暗场(HAADF-STEM)图及对应Fe, Cu和P的元素分布图

Figure 7. HAADF image of as-quenched Fe_78.8P₇B₇C₆Cu_1.2 amorphous ribbons, and the elemental mappings of Fe, Cu and P elements, respectively.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 淬态Fe_78.8P_14–xB_xC₆Cu_1.2(x = 0, 7%)非晶薄带的熔化与凝固DSC曲线

Figure 8. The melting and cooling DSC curves of as-quenched Fe_78.8P_14–xB_xC₆Cu_1.2 (x = 0, 7%) amorphous ribbons.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 9 不同升温速率下的淬态Fe_78.8P_14–xB_xC₆Cu_1.2(x = 0, 7%)非晶薄带的DSC曲线　(a) x = 0; (b) x = 7. 插图分别为ln(T²/β)与1000/T的线性关系

Figure 9. The DSC curves of as-quenched Fe_78.8P_14–xB_xC₆Cu_1.2 (x = 0, 7%) amorphous ribbons under the different heating rates: (a) x = 0; (b) x = 7. The insets correspond to the relationship of ln(T²/β) and 1000/T, respectively.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 10 淬态Fe_78.8P_14–xB_xC₆Cu_1.2(x = 0, 7%)非晶薄带的磁滞回线, 插图(左上)为局部放大的磁滞回线, 插图(右下)为磁性Fe与类金属B, P原子间的电子杂化机制图示

Figure 10. Hysteresis loops of as-quenched Fe_78.8P_14–xB_xC₆Cu_1.2 (x = 0, 7%) amorphous ribbons. The inset (top-left) is the locally enlarged hysteresis loops, and the inset (bottom-right) is the mechanism of electron hybridization between magnetic Fe and metalloid B, P atoms.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 11 淬态Fe_78.8P_14–xB_xC₆Cu_1.2(x = 0, 7%)非晶薄带的纳米压痕实验　(a), (b) B0和B7合金的载荷-位移曲线; (c), (d) 合金的约化模量与压入深度值; (e), (f)合金的硬度变化值

Figure 11. The nanoindentation tests of as-quenched Fe_78.8P_14–xB_xC₆Cu_1.2 (x = 0, 7%) amorphous ribbons: (a) , (b) The load-displacement curves of B0 and B7 alloys, respectively; (c), (d) the reduced modulus and indentation depth of alloys, respectively; (e), (f) the variations in hardness of alloys, respectively

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

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[2]	Xu D D, Zhou B L, Wang Q Q, Zhou J, Yang W M, Yuan C C, Xue L, Fan X D, Ma L Q, Shen B L 2018 Corros. Sci. 138 20 Google Scholar
[3]	Li F C, Liu T, Zhang J Y, Shuang S, Wang Q, Wang A D, Wang J G, Yang Y 2019 Mater. Today Adv. 4 100027 Google Scholar
[4]	McHenry M E, Willard M A, Laughlin D E 1999 Prog. Mater. Sci. 44 291 Google Scholar
[5]	Wang A D, Zhao C L, He A N, Men H, Chang C T, Wang X M 2016 J. Alloy. Compd. 656 729 Google Scholar
[6]	姚可夫, 施凌翔, 陈双琴, 邵洋, 陈娜, 贾蓟丽 2018 物理学报 67 016101 Google Scholar Yao K F, Shi L X, Chen S Q, Shao Y, Chen N, Jia J L 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 016101 Google Scholar
[7]	McHenry M E, Laughlin D E 2014 hysical Metallurgy (5th Ed.) (Elsevier) p1881
[8]	Hou L, Fan X D, Wang Q Q, Yang W M, Shen B L 2019 J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 35 1655 Google Scholar
[9]	Meng S Y, Ling H B, Li Q, Zhang J 2014 Scr. Mater. 81 24 Google Scholar
[10]	Wang C J, He A N, Wang A D, Pang J, Ling X, Li Q, Chang C, Qiu K, Wang X 2017 Intermetallics 84 142 Google Scholar
[11]	Mizoguchi T 1976 AIP Conf. Proc. 34 286
[12]	Xu J, Yang Y Z, Li W, Xie Z, Chen X 2017 Mater. Res. Bull. 97 452
[13]	Shi L X, Qin X L, Yao K F 2020 Prog. Nat. Sci-Mater. 30 208 Google Scholar
[14]	Zuo M Q, Meng S Y, Li Q, Li H X, Chang C T, Sun Y F 2017 Intermetallics 83 83 Google Scholar
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[20]	Hou L, Yang W M, Luo Q, Fan X D, Liu H S, Shen B L 2020 J. Non-Cryst. Solid. 530 119800 Google Scholar
[21]	Li Y L, Dou Z X, Chen X M, Lv K, Li F S, Hui X D 2020 Mater. Sci. Eng. B 262 114740 Google Scholar
[22]	Hono K, Ping D H, Ohnuma M, Onodera H 1999 Acta Mater. 47 997 Google Scholar
[23]	Hu F, Yuan C C, Luo Q, Yang W M, Shen B L 2019 J. Alloy. Compd. 807 151675 Google Scholar
[24]	Ohnuma M, Ping D H, Abe T, Onodera H, Hono K, Yoshizawa Y 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 93 9186 Google Scholar
[25]	Yang W M, Li J W, Liu H S, Dun C C, Zhang H L, Huo J T, Xue L, Zhao Y C, Shen B L, Dou L M, Inoue A 2014 Intermetallics 49 52 Google Scholar
[26]	Lan S, Ren Y, Wei X Y, Wang B, Gilbert E P, Shibayama T, Watanabe S, Ohnuma M, Wang X L 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 14679 Google Scholar
[27]	Takeuchi A, Inoue A 2005 Mater. Trans. 46 2817 Google Scholar
[28]	耿遥祥, 王英敏 2020 金属学报 56 1558 Google Scholar Geng Y X, Wang Y M 2020 Acta Metall. Sin. 56 1558 Google Scholar
[29]	Fan X D, Jiang M F, Zhang T, Hou L, Wang C X, Shen B L 2020 J. Non-Cryst. Solid. 533 119941 Google Scholar
[30]	Hou L, Li M R, Jiang C, Fan X D, Luo Q, Chen S S, Song P D, Li W H 2021 J. Alloy. Compd. 853 157071 Google Scholar
[31]	严密, 彭晓领 2011 磁学基础与磁性材料 (杭州: 浙江大学出版社) Yan M, Peng X L 2011 Fundamentals of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (Hangzhou: Zhejiang University Press) (in Chinese)
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[35]	Sarac B, Ivanov Y P, Chuvilin A, Schoberl T, Stoica M, Zhang Z L, Eckert J 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 1333 Google Scholar
[36]	Liu Y H, Wang G, Wang R J, Zhao D Q, Pan, M X, Wang W H 2007 Science 315 1385 Google Scholar

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