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In the early decades of the 20th century, the inception of quantum mechanics catalyzed the first quantum revolution, resulting in groundbreaking technological advances, such as nuclear energy, semiconductors, lasers, nuclear magnetic resonance, superconductivity, and global satellite positioning systems. These innovations have promoted significant progress in material civilization, fundamentally changed the way of life and societal landscape of humanity. Since the 1990s, quantum control technology has made significant strides forward, ushering in a rapid evolution of quantum technologies, notably exemplified by quantum information science. This encompasses domains such as quantum communication, quantum computing, and quantum precision measurement, offering paradigm-shifting solutions for enhancing information transmission security, accelerating computational speed, and elevating measurement precision. These advances hold the potential to provide crucial underpinning for national security and the high-quality development of the national economy. The swift progression of quantum information technology heralds the advent of the second quantum revolution. Following nearly three decades of concerted efforts, China’s quantum information technology field as a whole has achieved a leap. Specifically, China presently assumes a prominent international role in both the research and practical application of quantum communication, leading the global domain in quantum computing, and achieving international preeminence or advanced standing across various facets of quantum precision measurement. Presently, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the developmental priorities in the realm of quantum information in China for the forthcoming 5 to 10 years, in alignment with national strategic priorities and the evolving landscape of international competition. This will enable the proactive establishment of next-generation information technology systems that are secure, efficient, autonomous, and controllable.
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[1] Bennett C H, Brassard G 1984 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems, and Signal Processing Bangalore, India, December 4, 1984 pp175–179
[2] Ekert A K 1991 Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 661Google Scholar
[3] Gisin N, Ribordy G, Tittel W, Zbinden H 2002 Rev. Mod. Phys. 74 145Google Scholar
[4] Scarani V, Bechmann-Pasquinucci H, Cerf N J, Dušek M, Lütkenhaus N, Peev M 2009 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 1301Google Scholar
[5] Gisin N 2015 Front. Phys. 10 100307Google Scholar
[6] Pirandola S, Andersen U L, Banchi L, et al. 2020 Adv. Opt. Photonics 12 1012Google Scholar
[7] Bennett C H, Brassard G, Crépeau C, Jozsa R, Peres A, Wotters W K 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 1895Google Scholar
[8] D Bouwmeester, Pan J W, Mattle K, Eibl M, Weinfurter H, Zeilinger A 1997 Nature 390 575Google Scholar
[9] Boschi D, Branca S, De Martini F, Hardy L, Popescu S 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 1121Google Scholar
[10] Zukowski M, Zeilinger A, Horne M A, Ekert A K 1993 Phys Rev. Lett. 71 4287Google Scholar
[11] Pan J W, Bouwmeester D, Weinfurter H, Zeilinger A 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 3891Google Scholar
[12] Feynman R P 1982 Int. J. Theor. Phys. 21 467Google Scholar
[13] Benioff P 1980 J. Stat. Phys. 22 563Google Scholar
[14] Grover L K 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 325Google Scholar
[15] Preskill J 2018 Quantum 2 79Google Scholar
[16] Shor P W 1999 Siam Rev. 41 303Google Scholar
[17] Yin J, Cao Y, Li Y H, et al. 2017 Science 356 1140Google Scholar
[18] Liao S K, Cai W Q, Liu W Y, et al. 2017 Nature 549 43Google Scholar
[19] Ren J G, Xu P, Yong H L, et al. 2017 Nature 549 70Google Scholar
[20] Liao S K, Cai W Q, Handsteiner J, et al. 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 030501Google Scholar
[21] Xu P, Ma Y Q, Ren J G, et al. 2019 Science 366 132Google Scholar
[22] Chen Y A, Zhang Q, Chen T Y, et al. 2021 Nature 589 214Google Scholar
[23] Zhong H S, Wang H, Deng Y H, et al. 2020 Science 370 1460Google Scholar
[24] Madsen L S, Laudenbach F, Askarani M F, et al. 2022 Nature 606 75Google Scholar
[25] Zhong H S, Deng Y H, Qin J, et al. 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 180502Google Scholar
[26] Deng Y H, Gu Y C, Liu H L, et al. 2023 Phys. Rev. Lett. 131 150601Google Scholar
[27] Deng Y H, Gong S Q, Gu Y C, et al. 2023 Phys. Rev. Lett. 130 190601Google Scholar
[28] Gong M, Wang S, Zha C, et al. 2021 Science 372 948Google Scholar
[29] Wu Y L, Bao W S, Cao S, et al. 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 180501Google Scholar
[30] Pan F, Chen K, Zhang P 2022 Phys. Rev. Lett. 129 090502Google Scholar
[31] Zhang X, Jiang W J, Deng J F, et al. 2022 Nature 607 468Google Scholar
[32] Cao S R, Wu B J, Chen F S, et al. 2023 Nature 619 738Google Scholar
[33] Yang B, Sun H, Huang C J, Wang H Y, Deng Y, Dai H N, Yuan Z S, Pan J W 2020 Science 369 550Google Scholar
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[64] Ohmae N, Takamoto M, Takahashi Y, et al. 2021 Advanced Quantum Technologies 4 2100015
[65] Shen Q, Guan J Y, Ren J G, et al. 2022 Nature 610 661Google Scholar
[66] Fan W F, Quan W, Liu F, et al. 2019 Chinese Phys. B 28 110701Google Scholar
[67] Yang Y H, Chen D Y, Jin W, Quan W, Liu F, Fang J C 2019 IEEE Access 7 148176Google Scholar
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[69] Chen B, Long J B, Xie H T, Li C Y, Chen L K, Jiang B N, Chen S 2020 Chin. Opt. Lett. 18 090201Google Scholar
[70] 吴彬, 周寅, 程冰, 朱栋, 王凯楠, 朱欣欣, 陈佩军, 翁堪兴, 杨秋海, 林佳宏, 张凯军, 王河林, 林强 2020 物理学报 69 060302Google Scholar
Wu B, Zhou Y, Cheng B, Zhu D, Wang K N, Zhu X X, Chen P J, Weng K X, Yang Q H, Lin J H, Zhang K J, Wang H L, Lin Q 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 060302Google Scholar
[71] Xie T Y, Zhao Z Y, Kong X, Ma W C, Wang M Q, Ye X Y, Yu P, Yang Z P, Xu S Y, Wang P F, Wang Y, Shi F Z, Du J F 2021 Sci. Adv. 7 eabg9204Google Scholar
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[77] H.R.6227–National Quantum Initiative Act, Smith L https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/6227/text [2018-12-21
[78] H.R.4346–Chips and Science Act, Ryan T https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/4346 [2021-07-01
[79] Quantum Technologies Flagship, European Commission https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/quantum-technologies-flagship [2021-10-29
[80] Space-based Secure Connectivity Initiative, European Commission https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiahtives/13189-EU-space-policy-space-based-secure-connectivity-initiative_en [2021-08-26
[81] Handlungskonzept Quantentechnologien, der Bundesregierung https://qbn.world/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Action-Plan-Quantum-Technologies-by-German-Government-2023-2026.pdf [2023-04-26
[82] French Research at the Heart of the Quantum Plan, Felix S https://news.cnrs.fr/articles/french-research-at-the-heart-of-the-quantum-plan [2021-02-17
[83] National Quantum Strategy, GOV. UK https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-quantum-strategy/national-quantum-strategy-accessible-webpage [2023-12-14
[84] Arute F, Arya K, Babbush R, et al. 2019 Nature 574 505Google Scholar
[85] Zhao Y W, Ye Y S, Huang H L, et al. 2022 Phys. Rev. Lett. 129 030501Google Scholar
[86] Ni Z C, Li S, Deng X W, Cai Y Y, Zhang L B, Wang W T, Yang Z B, Yu H F, Yan F, Liu S, Zou C L, Sun L Y, Zheng S B, Xu Y, Yu D P 2023 Nature 616 56Google Scholar
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