“Quantum memory” quantum computers and noiseless phton echoes

Zhou Zong-Quan

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20212245

Abstract

One of the most important applications of quantum computing is to crack classical cryptosystem. Previous studies showed that the number of qubits required to crack the widely used 2048-bit RSA cipher is about 20 million, which is far beyond the current technology for quantum computing. Recently, É. Gouzien and N. Sangouard of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission proposed a quantum computing architecture based on a two-dimensional grid of superconducting qubits and a three-dimensional multimode quantum memory. They showed that only 13k qubits are required to crack a 2048-bit RSA integer with the help of a long-lived quantum memory with 28 million spatial modes and 45 temporal modes. Their results clearly demonstrate the values of quantum memories in quantum computing and provide an alternative approach for building practically useful quantum computers. Quantum computers require quantum memories to work at microwave band, which remains an outstanding challenge. Based on a detailed analysis of atomic radiations during the quantum storage process, we recently proposed a noiseless-photon-echo protocol which can successfully eliminate the spontaneous emission noise in photon echoes. This protocol is expected to further enable microwave quantum storage and the construction of “quantum memory” quantum computers.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

Zhou Zong-Quan¹

1.
CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

Corresponding author: Zhou Zong-Quan, zq_zhou@ustc.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0304100).

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References

[1]	Arute F, Arya K, Babbush R, et al. 2019 Nature 574 505 Google Scholar
[2]	Zhong H S, Wang H, Deng Y H, et al. 2020 Science 370 1460 Google Scholar
[3]	Gidney C, Ekerå M 2021 Quantum 5 433 Google Scholar
[4]	Gouzien E, Sangouard N 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 140503 Google Scholar
[5]	Ma Y, Ma Y Z, Zhou Z Q, et al. 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 2381 Google Scholar
[6]	Ruggiero J, Le Gouët J L, Simon C, Chanelière T 2009 Phys. Rev. A 79 053851 Google Scholar
[7]	Scarani V, Iblisdir S, Gisin N, et al. 2005 Rev. Mod. Phys. 77 1225 Google Scholar
[8]	Ma Y Z, Jin M, Chen D L, Zhou Z Q, Li C F, Guo G C 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 4378 Google Scholar
[9]	Jobez P, Laplane C, Timoney N, Gisin N, Ferrier A, Goldner P, Afzelius M 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 230502 Google Scholar
[10]	Liu X, Hu J, Li Z F, Li X, Li P Y, Liang P J, Zhou Z Q, Li C F, Guo G C 2021 Nature 594 41 Google Scholar

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图 1 “量子存储”量子计算机的架构图^[4]

Figure 1. Quantum computing architecture with multimode quantum memories^[4].

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表 1 光与原子相互作用中的辐射分类

Table 1. 1. Radiations from the atomic ensemble when interacting with light.

辐射类型 Radiation Type	来源 Source	输出结果 Output
受激辐射 Stimulated emission	信号激励 Signal pulses	目标信号 Target signal
受激辐射 Stimulated emission	控制光激励 Control pulses	特定辐射模式的相干噪声 Coherent noise with certain modes
自发辐射 Spontaneous emission	激发态布居数 Population in the excited state	辐射模式任意的非相干噪声 Incoherent noise with arbitrary modes

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[1]	Arute F, Arya K, Babbush R, et al. 2019 Nature 574 505 Google Scholar
[2]	Zhong H S, Wang H, Deng Y H, et al. 2020 Science 370 1460 Google Scholar
[3]	Gidney C, Ekerå M 2021 Quantum 5 433 Google Scholar
[4]	Gouzien E, Sangouard N 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 140503 Google Scholar
[5]	Ma Y, Ma Y Z, Zhou Z Q, et al. 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 2381 Google Scholar
[6]	Ruggiero J, Le Gouët J L, Simon C, Chanelière T 2009 Phys. Rev. A 79 053851 Google Scholar
[7]	Scarani V, Iblisdir S, Gisin N, et al. 2005 Rev. Mod. Phys. 77 1225 Google Scholar
[8]	Ma Y Z, Jin M, Chen D L, Zhou Z Q, Li C F, Guo G C 2021 Nat. Commun. 12 4378 Google Scholar
[9]	Jobez P, Laplane C, Timoney N, Gisin N, Ferrier A, Goldner P, Afzelius M 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 230502 Google Scholar
[10]	Liu X, Hu J, Li Z F, Li X, Li P Y, Liang P J, Zhou Z Q, Li C F, Guo G C 2021 Nature 594 41 Google Scholar

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